scholarly journals Are You a Typical Energy Consumer? Socioeconomic Characteristics of Behavioural Segmentation Representatives of 8 European Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6109
Author(s):  
Sylwia Słupik ◽  
Joanna Kos-Łabędowicz ◽  
Joanna Trzęsiok
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Socioeconomic Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Behavioural Types ◽  
Average Monthly Income ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Scarcity of resources and their waste, as well as deteriorating quality of life and the environment, are pressing problems of modern civilisations. Rational and efficient energy consumption is one of the possibilities for preventing harmful practices and the degradation of ecosystems. Understanding the consumer’s way of thinking and acting by identifying his needs and preferences are essential for effective efforts for smart, sustainable, and inclusive economic growth. Therefore, the aim of this article was a comprehensive socioeconomic analysis of particular behavioural types of energy consumers, as a continuation of the authors’ previous research. The paper uses statistical methods (chi-square test and correspondence analysis) dedicated to non-metric variables for an effective analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires. The identification of socioeconomic factors was carried out on a representative sample of n = 4506 respondents from eight European countries (the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Spain, Germany, Poland, Romania, and the United Kingdom). This allowed for distinguishing a typical representative of five consumer segments (EI; AE; DS; O; I), developed on the basis of motivation to save energy. The authors succeeded in combining behavioural segmentation with the socioeconomic characteristics of the created classes. The results indicated that 10 out of 12 examined factors were significantly correlated with the behavioural type. These are (in order of significance): attitude towards saving energy; age; employment status; home country; the ownership status of the premises; the number of people in a household; average monthly income per person in a household; education; gender and place of residence.

Efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters in reducing shunt infection: data from the United Kingdom Shunt Registry

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh K. Richards ◽  
Helen M. Seeley ◽  
John D. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Uk

Object In recent years CSF shunt catheters impregnated with rifampicin and clindamycin have been introduced to the United Kingdom (UK) market. These catheters have been shown to be effective in vitro against cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The authors used data collected by the UK Shunt Registry to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated catheters (AICs) against shunt infection by using a matched-pair study design. Methods The UK Shunt Registry contains data on nearly 33,000 CSF shunt-related procedures. The authors identified 1139 procedures in which impregnated catheters had been used, and accurate information was known about diagnosis, number of revisions, sex, and age in these cases. The database was ordered chronologically and searched forward and backward for cases with these same characteristics but involving conventional catheters. Matches were found for 994 procedures. Results Among the 994 procedures in which AICs had been used, 30 shunts were subsequently revised because of shunt infection. Among the 994 controls, 47 were subsequently revised for infection (p = 0.048, chi-square test). Conclusions The UK Shunt Registry does not collect data on causative organisms, and the surgeon is relied on entirely for the diagnosis of infection. However, with the large number of matched pairs evaluated, the authors attempted to reduce bias to a minimum. Their data suggest that AICs have the potential to significantly reduce shunt infections.

scholarly journals A survey of patients’ views from eight European countries of interpretive support from Specialists in Laboratory Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Watson ◽  
Wytze P. Oosterhuis ◽  
Per E. Jorgensen ◽  
Z. Gunnur Dikmen ◽  
Joanna Siodmiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Additional Payment ◽  
Question Survey

AbstractBackground:There is increasing interest in direct patient engagement including receiving their laboratory medicine results. We previously established an appetite for Specialists in Laboratory Medicine to support patients in understanding results. The aim of this study was to establish whether patients agreed with such an approach, determined through surveying views in eight European countries.Methods:A standardized five-question survey was administered across eight European countries to a total of 1084 individuals attending medical outpatient clinics, with 100 patients each in Poland, Serbia, Netherlands, Turkey and Czech Republic, 101 in Estonia, 116 in Denmark and 367 in Norway. The responses across countries were compared using the chi-square test (p<0.05).Results:Patients wanting their results ranged from 50% to 94% (mean 65%) of those responding positively, a mean of 72% wanted additional information with their results; direct receipt was preferred over referral to a website. Specialists in Laboratory Medicine providing such information were acceptable to a mean of 62% of those respondents wishing their results; in countries where payment was possible, there was little interest in making additional payment for such a service.Conclusions:A clear proportion of patients are interested in receiving their laboratory medicine results, the majority with explanatory notes; a role for Specialists in Laboratory Medicine is acceptable and raises the potential for direct engagement by such specialists with patients offering a new paradigm for the provision of laboratory medicine activities.

scholarly journals The influence of optimism and socioeconomic characteristics on leadership practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Fernando Juárez ◽  
Francoise Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Leadership Practices Inventory ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square Test

The role of optimism and socioeconomic characteristics of managers on leadership practices in small enterprises, in Bogotá, Colombia, was determined. Ninety managers completed the Leadership Practices Inventory and The Revised Life Orientation Test, as well as they provided information about personal and business socio-economic characteristics. Association measures between socio-economic and optimism variables with the Leadership Practices Inventory were taken. Besides, by Chi square test, Mann-Whitney`s U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, they were determined socioeconomic differences in leadership styles, and, by a structural equation model, the effect of age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, number of employees of the company, economic sector, and optimism on leadership practices was analyzed. Only optimism and number of employees showed to be significant.

scholarly journals Comparisons in Screen-Time Behaviours among Adolescents with and without Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities: Results from 2013/14 HBSC Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok W Ng ◽  
Lilly Augustine ◽  
Jo Inchley
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Computer Gaming ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Chi Square Test

Reducing sedentary behaviours can help prevent non-communicable diseases, particularly among young adolescents with long term illnesses or disabilities (LTID). Much of young people&rsquo;s voluntary sedentary time is related to screen-time behaviours (STBs) such as TV viewing, playing computer games, and using the computer for other activities. Although public health data on adolescents&rsquo; STB is growing, information about adolescents with LTID is currently lacking in a European context. The purpose of this study is to compare time on STBs between adolescents with and without LTID in European Countries through the HBSC 2013/14 study. Young adolescents (n=61,329, boys; 47.8%) from 15 European countries reported the time spent on TV viewing, playing computer games, and using the computer for other purposes on weekdays and the weekend. STBs were dichotomised based on international recommendations of less than 2 hours per day, and Chi-square test of independence were performed to investigate differences. STB time was combined to produce a sum score as dependent variable in multiple ANCOVA with age and family affluence as covariates. There were statistically significant differences in computer gaming among boys and other computer use among girls for both weekdays and weekends, whereby adolescents with LTID reported higher use. In addition, both boys and girls with LTID spent more time on STBs than their same sex peers without LTID (Boys, F=28.17, p&lt;.001; Girls, F=9.60, p=.002). The results of this study indicate a need to address high levels of STB among young adolescents with LTID.

scholarly journals Knowledge pattern assessment of potential safety threats of compact fluorescent lamps in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1256-1264
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alsanad ◽  
Azel Almutairi ◽  
Heba Alhelailah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Save Energy

Globally, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are increasing consistently, and Kuwait is not an exception. However, these lamps contain mercury, which is highly injurious to human health and the environment. This study assessed Kuwaiti respondents' awareness using a large-scale national survey conducted on a random sample of 6210 individuals  (response rate 84.3%). The questionnaire was comprised of four sections and utilized skip logic branching. The modes were paper-based, face-to-face interviews, and electronic structured questionnaires.  Data were also analyzed through the Pearson chi-square test to know the significant differences in lamp type preferences and the reasons for the preferences. Almost half of the participants (51.4%) knew the difference between incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Only 11.1% were using incandescent lamps solely in their houses. The remaining 88.9% used fluorescent lamps (38.4%) or both types (50.5%). The results showed that 48.3% think fluorescent lamps save energy, whereas 81.3% of people were unaware of their mercury content. The knowledge patterns towards breakage showed that respondents who chose the proper response were 31.9% for evacuation, 14.6% for aeration, and 7.3% for turning off the AC. The awareness of populations to take appropriate actions towards proper disposal was very poor in case of fluorescent lamp accidental breakage or when it completes its life cycle because most of them did not know about the proper evacuation, aeration, and cleanup measures. These findings are beneficial for the government and policymakers to take essential steps to create relevant awareness channels among the country's communities for safety from expected health hazards.

scholarly journals Consumer behavior to Thai fruit consumption during COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Somsak Vivithkeyoonvong ◽  
Shasa Chairunnisa ◽  
Kijsart Onngernthayakorn ◽  
Jedsadaporn Sathapatyanon
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Indonesia imports fruits from around the world to serve people’s demand. Thailand as one of the fruit exporters to Indonesia needs to further explore what influences the consumption of Thai Fruits in Indonesia. Moreover, currently the COVID-19 pandemic likely affects all sectors, including the agriculture sector. This study aims to analyze the relation between socioeconomic characteristics and consumer behavior, particularly the pandemic period, that affects the purchasing decision of Thai Fruits. Using a structured questionnaire, random sampling of 1,736 respondents who shop at 5 All Fresh Supermarket branches were interviewed. The data was analyzed using the chi square test and binary logistic regression. The results found that socioeconomic characteristics such as age, gender, education, occupation, and income had a relation with Thai Fruits purchasing decision. In term of product awareness for instance, quality and taste is the utmost concern for customers. However, during COVID-19 pandemic, the level of customers’ consideration for quality and safety is clearly higher. Therefore, a different strategy is needed to convince consumers. The result also found that tasting experience influences purchasing decision significantly. To enhance international economic development, such agricultural products must respond to the customers’ needs and mutual cooperation between trading countries.JEL Classification:  F13; Q13; Q17

scholarly journals Barriers to Adopting New Technologies within Rural Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The adoption of technologies by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that operate in several business sectors in rural areas is a crucial issue because they often need financial and technical incentives and support from public and local authorities. The question of whether and how innovation can be replicated and applied in a wider context is strictly connected to the understanding of those factors and mechanisms capable of determining the success or failure of the introduction of innovation itself. In this paper, the attention is focused on the impact of new technologies in order to increase SMEs’ competitiveness and productivity among the firms. For this purpose, only recent resources, research and studies that have been implemented during the last twenty years are taken into account. Firstly, based on these studies, the main disruptive technologies were selected. Secondly, the evidence is drawn from stakeholder data discussions of the Interreg Europe project “Regional policies for innovation driven competitiveness and growth of rural SMEs—INNOGROW”, covering eight European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Slovenia and the United Kingdom). Descriptive statistics were applied to describe the case identities. The cases’ needs, enablers and barriers in different groups were analyzed using a chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U Test. The results of this study are important for both researchers as well as small business practitioners (including government agencies and owners/managers) in order to provided policy recommendations, concerning how to establish favourable conditions and offer incentives to SMEs to integrate innovative solutions into their business models.

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

FAKTOR PERSONAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PERAWAT RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Asfri Sri Rahmadeni
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="Normal1"><em>Commitment is the attitude or behavior of likes or dislikes shown by someone against the organization at work. Indonesia is recorded as a nurse who has a low organizational commitment (76%) so it harms services. This phenomenon in the hospital can be seen from the indicator of the high turnover rate of nurses which reaches 30.9% which exceeds the standard &lt;5%. Many factors affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Personal Factors Associated with Organizational Commitment of Hospital Nurses. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study and purposive sampling technique with a sample of 59 nurses. Chi-Square test results obtained personal factors that have a relationship with organizational commitment Nurse Hospital is age with p = 0,000 and education with p = 0,000, personal factors not related to organizational commitment are gender p = 1,053 and years of service with p = 1,147. Hospitals should conduct research/surveys on Organizational Commitment periodically as an evaluation material in the context of the organization's development and development in the future</em>.</p>

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and   (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document