NOx Emission of a Correlation between the PEMS and SEMS over Different Test Modes and Real Driving Emission

The aim of this study is to verify the reliability of NOx emissions measured using Smart Emissions Measurement System (SEMS) equipment in comparison with the NOx emissions measured using certified Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) equipment. The SEMS equipment is simple system, and it is less expensive than the PEMS equipment, as it comprises an On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) signal from the test vehicle and a NOx sensor. The SEMS equipment based on low-cost sensors has an advantage of building big data, but there are insufficient previous studies comparing of NOx emissions with certified the PEMS equipment. Therefore, this study is important in verifying the suitability of the SEMS equipment by comparing the NOx emissions measured by the various test modes and RDE using the two types of equipment. To analyze the correlation between the PEMS and SEMS equipment, the advanced diesel vehicle was equipped with the two types of equipment to simultaneously measure NOx emissions. After installing the equipment on the test vehicle, it was conducted under various test modes in the laboratory and the Real Driving Emission (RDE) test to verify the correlation of NOx emissions measured by the SEMS equipment. The correlation analysis for the NOx emissions measured by the PEMS and SEMS equipment under various test conditions and the RDE test indicated that the slope of the NOx emissions was approximately equal to 1, and the coefficient of determination was 0.9 or higher. Based on these test results, it was concluded that NOx emissions measured by the PEMS and SEMS equipment are highly similar.

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Measurement System for Lossy Capacitive Sensors: Application to Edible Oils Quality Assessment

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19194299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (19) ◽

pp. 4299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed Fendri ◽

Ahmed Yahia Kallel ◽

Hanen Nouri ◽

Hamadi Ghariani ◽

Olfa Kanoun

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Relative Permittivity ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Low Cost ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Capacitive Sensor ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Dielectric Parameters

This paper aimed to develop a portable, low-cost, and easy-to-use measurement system for oil quality degradation assessment. The main two chemical parameters affected by frying are the total polar compounds (TPC) and free fatty acids. The system should characterize the change of chemical parameters by measuring the changes in its dielectric parameters. The dielectric parameters, relative permittivity, and conductivity are measured by measuring the capacitance and resistance of a capacitive sensor dipped in oil. The main challenges are that the corresponding changes of the capacitance and resistance are very small and the presence of stray effects. For this reason, the measurement system should be able to detect changes in capacitance and resistance with high resolution and with good immunity to stray effects. The proposed measurement system is based on the conversion of impedance to voltage and time and combining, therefore, having two measurement methods in one circuit. In this way, it is possible to measure the dielectric and resistive parameters and not only the relative permittivity as was done in previous works. The results showed a strong correlation between the chemical and electrical parameters with a coefficient of determination in the range of 0.9.

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The Study of Luminous Flux Method for Rapid Measurement of Micro-Aperture Area

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.671 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 321-324 ◽

pp. 671-675

Author(s):

Ming Ye ◽

Dong Jing Xu ◽

Zhi Qiang Ni

Keyword(s):

High Precision ◽

Measurement System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Luminous Flux ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Previous Measurement ◽

Test Results ◽

Measuring Head ◽

Flux Method ◽

Rapid Measurement

This paper presents a new method for micro-aperture measurement based on luminous flux. The principle and the structure of micro-aperture measurement system are introduced in detail. Compared with previous measurement methods, the proposed method has several advantages: The measuring head with array line structure can measure several apertures’ area directly at the same time. The shape of the aperture is not limited to a circle or any other shape. It is a measuring technique with high precision and low cost. The test results show that the uncertainty is mm of a circular 0.5 mm diameter aperture, and the average linearity value is 3.47% to the aperture which diameter in the range from 150 to 500um.

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Performance evaluation of low-cost IoT based chlorophyll meter

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v9i3.2014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 956-963 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heri Andrianto ◽

Suhardi Suhardi ◽

Ahmad Faizal

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Service System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Test Results ◽

Memory Module ◽

Chlorophyll Meter ◽

Gps Satellites ◽

Cheap Alternative

Nutrient deficiencies in plants can be identified using a chlorophyll meter. However, current chlorophyll meters are still expensive and have many disadvantages. In this paper, a low-cost IoT-based chlorophyll meter has been developed. The performance of a low-cost IoT-based chlorophyll meter has been compared with the performance of a spectrophotometer (SP-3000nano) and a commercial chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502). A low-cost IoT-based chlorophyll meter has been functioning properly which is able to measure the chlorophyll content of plants in the field, get positions based on GPS satellites, store data in a memory module, and send data to the service system platform. The test results showed the coefficient of determination (R2) between SPAD-502 values and low-cost IoT-based chlorophyll meter values is 0.9705, this shows a significant correlation. An IoT-based chlorophyll meter can be used as a cheap alternative to the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter.

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Petroleum Coke as a Supplementary Fuel for Cyclone Boilers: Characteristics and Test Results

2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference ◽

10.1115/ijpgc2002-26157 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David A. Tillman

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Coke ◽

Low Cost ◽

Heat Content ◽

High Heat ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Drop Tube ◽

Test Results ◽

Boiler Efficiency ◽

Char Oxidation ◽

Significant Opportunity

Petroleum coke is periodically tested and used as a supplementary fuel for cyclone boilers. Its high heat content and low cost make it an attractive fuel for power generation. In cyclone boiler firing, it also has environmental advantages. While it is high in sulfur content, it can be used to reduce NOx emissions along with such trace metal emissions as mercury and arsenic. Successful firing of petroleum coke in cyclone boilers, however, requires considerable attention to fuel properties of the coal and the opportunity fuel including fuel structure and reactivity, and ash chemistries. This paper reviews selected properties of petroleum coke including traditional analyses plus structural characterization using 13Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), drop tube reactor (DTR) characterization for kinetics and volatility evaluation, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for char oxidation kinetics. The paper then summarizes results of petroleum coke firing at the Paradise Fossil Plant of TVA, and Bailly Generating Station of Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO). Results presented include impacts of cofiring on boiler efficiency, NOx emissions, and the fate of selected trace metals including arsenic, mercury, nickel, and vanadium. It documents the overall benefits and issues associated with cofiring petroleum coke with coal in cyclone boilers as a significant opportunity fuel.

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Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

Jurnal Ilmiah Psyche ◽

10.33557/jpsyche.v14i1.983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 45-60

Author(s):

Yashinta Yashinta ◽

Dwi Hurriyati

Keyword(s):

Internet Use ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Test Results ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Significance Level ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

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PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOBIL MITSUBISHI PADA PT. KRAMA YUDHA MOTORS AND MANFACTURING

Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Krisnadwipayana ◽

10.35137/jmbk.v6i1.171 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nuridin, SE., MM. ◽

Dwi Ardika Prayudha

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Brand Image ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Purchase Decision ◽

Test Results ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Image Variables

This research is aimed to examine the influence of brand image and product quality to car purchase decision at PT. Mitsubishi Krama Yudha Motors and Manufacturing. Data analysis method was used, is quantitative analysis, by using validity and reliability test, coefficient of determination, and multiple linear regression analysis. Result of regression equation is: Y = 0,665 + 0,517 X1 + 0,416 X2 Simultaneously testing of brand image variables and product quality to purchase decision, shown by F count equal to 85,955 bigger than F table 3,159 or with sig. F 0.000 is smaller than alpha 0.005. Based on the test results simultaneously, can be seen that the independent variables (brand image and product quality) have a positive and significant impact on the car purchase decision at Mitsubishi cars At PT. Krama Yudha Motors and Manufacturing. Suggestions which can be given for future developments and determinations of policy are, companies should pay attention to brand image, product quality, to make customers more satisfied and keep using Mitsubishi cars as their choice.

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Effect Of Leverage, Inflation And GDP To Share Price Pt. Astra Otoparts Tbk.

ProBank ◽

10.36587/probank.v3i2.371 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

Heriyanta Budi Utama ◽

Florianus Dimas Gunurdya Putra Wardana

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Stock Price ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Share Price ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Test Results ◽

Purposive Sampling

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of leverage, inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the share price at PT. Astra Autopart, Tbk. companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The sampling technique in this study using a purposive sampling. With the technique of purposive sampling, all the members of the research samples by criteria. Samples that meet the criteria are used research data. Then followed the classic assumption test and test hypotheses by linear regression. The results of this study demonstrate the regression results in regression equation that Y = 2605,424 + 1561,550 X1 + 2,338 X2 + 38,994X3. T test results showed that the leverage anda GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is positive and significant effect on stock prices, while inflation is not positive and significant effect on stock prices. F test results showed that jointly leverage variables, inflation and GDP variables affecting the stock price significantly. The test results R2 (coefficient of determination) found that the variable leverage, inflation and GDP able to explain 35,4% of the stock price variable, while the remaining 64,6% is explained by other variables.Keywords: leverage, inflation, GDP, and the share priceThe purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of leverage, inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the share price at PT. Astra Autopart, Tbk. companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015.The sampling technique in this study using a purposive sampling. With the technique of purposive sampling, all the members of the research samples by criteria. Samples that meet the criteria are used research data. Then followed the classic assumption test and test hypotheses by linear regression.The results of this study demonstrate the regression results in regression equation that Y = 2605,424 + 1561,550 X1 + 2,338 X2 + 38,994X3. T test results showed that the leverage anda GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is positive and significant effect on stock prices, while inflation is not positive and significant effect on stock prices. F test results showed that jointly leverage variables, inflation and GDP variables affecting the stock price significantly. The test results R2 (coefficient of determination) found that the variable leverage, inflation and GDP able to explain 35,4% of the stock price variable, while the remaining 64,6% is explained by other variables.Keywords: leverage, inflation, GDP, and the share price

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Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Flores

Analisis ◽

10.37478/analisis.v19i1.325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 76-84

Author(s):

Nasarius Aban ◽

Gabriel Tanusi

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Family Environment ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Test Results ◽

Study Program ◽

Management Study ◽

The University

This study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence, independent attitude and family environment on the interest in entrepreneurship at the University of Flores Management Faculty of Economics. This research is an associative research. The population in this study were students of the Management Study Program of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Flores in the class of 2015-2016 who had passed the entrepreneurship courses of 170 people. Samples taken in this study were 105 respondents, with sampling techniques using simple random sampling. Data collection using questionnaires and interviews, while data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of multiple regression analysis are Y = 1.060 + 0.594X1 + 0.114X2 + 0.421X3 + e. The coefficient of determination R2 for the variables X1, X2, X3 is 0.675, which means that entrepreneurial interest can be influenced by emotional intelligence, independent attitude and family environment by 67.50% and the remaining 32.50% is influenced by other factors including factors of education, skills, motivation and others. F test results show the value of Fcount> Ftable (28.442> 2.69) with a significant level of 0.000 <0.05 meaning that there is a positive and significant influence between emotional intelligence, independent attitude and family environment together on the entrepreneurial interest of the Faculty of Management Study Program Students The economy. Partial test results (t) show 1) Emotional intelligence factors have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial interest 2) Family environment factors have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial interest 3) Independent attitude factor has no positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial interest.

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Towards an SI-Traceable Reference Measurement System for Seven Serum Apolipoproteins Using Bottom-Up Quantitative Proteomics: Conceptual Approach Enabled by Cross-Disciplinary/Cross-Sector Collaboration

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/hvaa239 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christa M Cobbaert ◽

Harald Althaus ◽

Ilijana Begcevic Brkovic ◽

Uta Ceglarek ◽

Stefan Coassin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Measurement System ◽

Protein Quantification ◽

Test Results ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Reference Measurement ◽

Lipid Panel ◽

Mass Spectrometry Technology ◽

Reference Measurement System

Abstract Current dyslipidemia management in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is based on traditional serum lipids. Yet, there is some indication from basic research that serum apolipoproteins A-I, (a), B, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E may give better pathophysiological insight into the root causes of dyslipidemia. To facilitate the future adoption of clinical serum apolipoprotein (apo) profiling for precision medicine, strategies for accurate testing should be developed in advance. Recent discoveries in basic science and translational medicine set the stage for the IFCC Working Group on Apolipoproteins by Mass Spectrometry. Main drivers were the convergence of unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with enabling technology and metrology. First, the residual cardiovascular risk after accounting for established risk factors demonstrates that the current lipid panel is too limited to capture the full complexity of lipid metabolism in patients. Second, there is a need for accurate test results in highly polymorphic and atherogenic apolipoproteins such as apo(a). Third, sufficient robustness of mass spectrometry technology allows reproducible protein quantification at the molecular level. Fourth, several calibration hierarchies in the revised ISO 17511:2020 guideline facilitate metrological traceability of test results, the highest achievable standard being traceability to SI. This article outlines the conceptual approach aimed at achieving a novel, multiplexed Reference Measurement System (RMS) for seven apolipoproteins based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry and peptide-based calibration. This RMS should enable standardization of existing and emerging apolipoprotein assays to SI, within allowable limits of measurement uncertainty, through a sustainable network of Reference Laboratories.

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The grades and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and weighing sensor

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96140-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Supakorn Harnsoongnoen ◽

Nuananong Jaroensuk

Keyword(s):

Machine Vision ◽

Vision System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Measuring System ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Future Potential ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Egg Freshness

AbstractThe water displacement and flotation are two of the most accurate and rapid methods for grading and assessing freshness of agricultural products based on density determination. However, these techniques are still not suitable for use in agricultural inspections of products such as eggs that absorb water which can be considered intrusive or destructive and can affect the result of measurements. Here we present a novel proposal for a method of non-destructive, non-invasive, low cost, simple and real—time monitoring of the grading and freshness assessment of eggs based on density detection using machine vision and a weighing sensor. This is the first proposal that divides egg freshness into intervals through density measurements. The machine vision system was developed for the measurement of external physical characteristics (length and breadth) of eggs for evaluating their volume. The weighing system was developed for the measurement of the weight of the egg. Egg weight and volume were used to calculate density for grading and egg freshness assessment. The proposed system could measure the weight, volume and density with an accuracy of 99.88%, 98.26% and 99.02%, respectively. The results showed that the weight and freshness of eggs stored at room temperature decreased with storage time. The relationship between density and percentage of freshness was linear for the all sizes of eggs, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982, 0.9999, 0.9996, 0.9996 and 0.9994 for classified egg size classified 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This study shows that egg freshness can be determined through density without using water to test for water displacement or egg flotation which has future potential as a measuring system important for the poultry industry.

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