scholarly journals The Second Generation Electromobility in Polish Urban Public Transport: The Factors and Mechanisms of Spatial Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7751
Author(s):  
Robert Guzik ◽  
Arkadiusz Kołoś ◽  
Jakub Taczanowski ◽  
Łukasz Fiedeń ◽  
Krzysztof Gwosdz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Technological Characteristic ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Human And Social Capital

One of the key challenges on the road to sustainable mobility is the development of low/zero emission urban public transport (UPT). This is crucial in order to meet environmental requirements aiming at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. In some countries (e.g., Poland) reduction of air pollution is also an important reason behind the implementation of low/zero emission UPT. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors and mechanisms influencing the development of modern electromobility in Polish UPT. We have examined all 242 UPT systems in the country in terms of the characteristics of the relevant urban municipalities, such as size, economic prosperity, level of human and social capital, development paths of urban public transport in the long term as well as the institutional context and proximity and connections to other cities with experience in electromobility. Classification and statistical methods are used based on a variety of approaches, as assigning a score to various preliminarily identified indicators or applying correlation between quantities to verify the formulated hypotheses. Our analysis demonstrates that electromobility adoption is the result of a combination of favourable economic, urban, social and technological characteristic features of a given city. Zero or low emission buses are more common in large cities which are highly positioned in urban hierarchy, economically sound and which are characterized by a well-developed tertiary economy as well as by high human capital. An additional factor that positively influences the implementation of electromobility—in particular at the very first stage—is proximity to the location of low emission bus producers. The leadership in modern electromobility can be understood as part of a broader, proactive development policy of the cities aimed at improving the quality of life of their residents. This is especially important in medium-sized towns where utilizing electric vehicles can be an instrument to maintain or even develop their role and status. The results of the article may provide a basis for creating sustainable urban policies, especially sustainable mobility and improving environmental quality.

Low-emission vehicles in public transport - selected aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Dariusz Pyza ◽  
Monika Buczkowska ◽  
Marek Ziembicki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Zero Emission

The European Union's transport policy assumes limiting the negative impact of transport on the environment. In this aspect, several actions are undertaken to achieve this goal. One of the priorities in this area is developing zero-emission transport systems in urban public transport. The article presents selected aspects of low-emission vehicles and their use in urban transport systems. Besides, the state of development of low-emission transport systems in public transport in Poland was presented, with particular emphasis on the system in the Warsaw agglomeration.

Alternative fuels in public transport and restrictions contained on their use

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 441-451
Author(s):  
Marek Ziembicki ◽  
Dariusz Pyza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Communication Lines

European transport policy assumes reducing the negative impact of transport on the natural environment and improving the energy efficiency of means of transport. European cities undertake numerous activities aimed at limiting the use of diesel-powered vehicles and introducing solutions free of toxic substances. The first part of the paper is devoted to the attempt to find an answer to the question at what stage of development there are currently low and zero emission vehicles in public transport. The second part will present the current research on the use of low-emission vehicles in public transport on the example of the largest carrier in Poland. The paper presents the results of research and statistics collected since 2015, mainly electric buses running every day on various routes of communication lines in Warsaw.

Does the service quality of urban public transport enhance sustainable mobility?

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 1566-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Guglielmetti Mugion ◽  
Martina Toni ◽  
Hendry Raharjo ◽  
Laura Di Pietro ◽  
Samuel Petros Sebathu
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Public Transport

scholarly journals Urban public transport as a tool of sustainable mobility policy – the example of Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-184
Author(s):  
Paweł Gałka ◽  
Krzysztof Grzelec ◽  
Katarzyna Hebel ◽  
Eamonn Judge ◽  
Olgierd Wyszomirski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Technical Solutions

The assumptions and goals of sustainable urban mob ility are defined in global and national documents, for example, the United Nations 2030 Agenda and in the Transport Policy of the State of Poland for 2006–2025. Achieving these goals is a long process. Tools and actions have been identified that play a fundamental role in achieving sustainable mobility, and various methods of measuring the effectiveness of these activities have been presented and compared. The article presents the following research hypotheses: achieving the goals of sustainable mobility through the development of the public transport offer requires the use of modern management methods, it is necessary to identify the main attributes of public transport that determine the use of this type of transport and to finance those elements of the transport offer that correspond to these attributes. The aim of the article is to assess the role of public transport as an element of sustainable mobility and to explain the reasons for unsatisfactory policy effects in Poland. Analysing the effectiveness of actions and tools used in Polish cities in achieving the goals of sustainable mobility, the processes of management in public transport and shaping the attributes of transport services and technical solutions were selected for the analysis. The analysis was carried out on the example of selected Polish cities. On the basis of the conducted research, the authors formulated conclusions: the idea of sustainable mobility development is an element of the transport policy of modern European cities, achieving sustainable development requires changes in the structure of urban transport, effective implementation of a sustainable mobility policy leads to changes in transport behaviour, the condition for increasing the share of public transport is to increase the attractiveness of its services. Detailed conclusions were defined in relation to selected Polish cities, in particular Gdańsk and Gdynia. The use of public transport by people who can travel by car can be increase by affecting the freedom to use passenger cars in cities through traffic and parking restrictions. The most effective tool that limits the use of private cars turns out to be parking fees in the city. Conclusions from the conducted research allowed us to confirm the research hypotheses of the article.

scholarly journals Dostępność obszarów wiejskich do miast powiatowych w Polsce transportem publicznym w 2019 r = The 2019 level of accessibility of Poland’s county cities by public transport from rural areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-206
Author(s):  
Robert Guzik ◽  
Arkadiusz Kołoś
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Village

Spatial accessibility by public transport is an important component of quality of life and an important factor undermining the development of rural areas. It is also a key element of a sustainable mobility system. The capitals of the powiat (county-level tier of administration in Poland) represent the level of the country’s urban hierarchy at which most-important public services are provided. Yet previously only rather few accessibility studies had been carried out, to consider how accessible the rural localities (villages) in the countries different province-regions might be. To fill that gap, the research presented in this paper sought to assess the 2019 level of accessibility via public transport to their own county cities (powiat capitals) that characterized no fewer than 14,271 rural localities in 6 of Poland’s 16 province-regions (i.e. Łódzkie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Zachodniopomorskie). The work also investigated factors shaping this accessibility, with a contribution thereby made to the ongoing debate as to the suitability of the current administrative division of Poland at county (powiat) level. The main findings and principal patterns as regards spatial accessibility could be summarised as follows: a. 1181 (8% of the studied) rural localities, with 215,000 inhabitants overall (or 4% of the rural population) had effectively no access to public transport at all; given that the nearest bus stop/railway station was beyond the acceptable distance of 4 km. b. Province-regions were found to differ markedly in terms of the measured accessibility, with Małopolskie province-region faring much better overall than the others (Figs. 1‑2, 10). c. Nevertheless, internal differentiation in levels of accessibility was greater within province-regions than between them. The best-observed accessibility characterised the environs of larger cities, and especially the Metropolitan Areas of Kraków (Małopolskie), Łódź (Łódzkie) and Gdańsk (Pomorskie), as well as the main transport corridors. Only poor accessibility characterised peripheral areas of most of the counties, while the worst accessibility of all applied in places where powiat-level peripheries were simultaneously peripheries of entire province-regions. d. An important factor determining accessibility was the type and size of rural locality. The larger the village, the better the accessibility (Fig. 19). This also linked up with the way in which size anyway correlated positively with distance to county city. This is to say that villages close to county cities had populations 30‑40% larger than those located on peripheries. e. Size of a county city also correlated positively with that city’s accessibility (Fig. 18). That was especially true of cities with 20,000 or fewer inhabitants. These have less-developed public transport and, as a consequence, far lower accessibility in their environs. Taken together, these patterns sustain a conclusion that the deregulation of public transport in Poland, which took place in the 1990s and ushered in a competitive market model, has had a serious impact on accessibility, ensuring further polarisation and growth in disparities. While better-developed areas (those in which population density is higher and villages larger) continue to furnish enough demand for commercially-viable public transport to be sustained, most of the peripheral, low-population areas are now at risk of transport-related exclusion. In most cases, there is poor public transport in such areas solely because some lines connecting cities or leading to certain tourist destinations remain in place and cross peripheries.

scholarly journals Elektromobilność w autobusowym transporcie publicznym organizowanym przez Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowską Metropolię jako narzędzie realizacji idei zrównoważonej mobilności

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Anna Mercik
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Bus Transport

The idea of sustainable mobility is one of the key concepts responding to the need to reduce the negative effects of transport, particularly in urban areas. European Union documents indicate a number of actions which can help to balance mobility. Among them, the concept of increasing the energy efficiency of transport processes through the use of low-emission sources of vehicle power, including electrification of vehicles, occupies an important place. The aim of the study is to determine whether the actions taken by the GZM Metropolis, operating since 2017 in the central part of the Silesian Voivodship, in the field of electrification of the bus transport it organises can be considered as actions imple­menting the objectives of sustainable mobility policy. The article contains: a review of current research on sustainable mobility policy, an attempt to define the concept of electromobility, an indication of the possibility of its application in public bus transport, identification of legal conditions for the implementation of electromobility in public transport in Poland, conditions for the activity of the GZM Metropolis as a public transport authority and an entity responsible for the implementation of sustainable mobility policy, as well as an analysis of actions taken by the Metropolis GZM and its operators in the field of bus fleet electrification. The results of the study are based, among other things, on an analysis of national and foreign literature on the subject, acts of the European Community and national law, strategic and operational documents of entities at various levels of administration and source data obtained during direct interviews with employees of the largest public transport organiser in the Silesian Voivodeship. The results of the participant observation of the author of the study were also used in the research.

Urban Public Transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam McLeod ◽  
Jan Scheurer ◽  
Carey Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
History Of

This article reviews the literature on current “best practice” principles for planning public transport (PT) networks within the context of planners seeking to transition their cities toward sustainable mobility. An overview is provided of the history of ideas about network development. The emerging frontiers for multimodal, demand-responsive PT and the potential implications of new transport technology on traditional PT are discussed. The future role of transit-oriented development within PT network structures is considered. The “moderators” to network design that may impede future best practice brings the article to conclusion.

scholarly journals STUDY OF COMFORT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF SAMARA CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. MALYSHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Constant Growth

This article discusses the problem of constant growth in the level of motorization, amid a decrease in the use of public transport. It touches upon the functioning of urban public transport in the context of the concept of sustainable mobility. On the example of the city of Samara, using a sociological survey, an analysis of the comfort of the transport system was carried out. The analysis of the transport accessibility of the districts of the city of Samara relative to the historical center of the city is presented. An assessment is made of the readiness of the city and, in particular, the transport infrastructure for the introduction of paid parking zones in the central part of the city. The studies on the assessment of the probability of abandoning a personal car in favor of public transport are presented. The criteria for reducing or completely abandoning the use of a personal car in favor of public transport have been identifi ed.

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