scholarly journals Copper Complexation by Dissolved Organic Matter in arid Soils: A Voltametric Study

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Steinberg ◽  
Vernon Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Desert Soils ◽  
Salt Cedar ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Complexing Capacity ◽  
Copper Complexation

A voltammetric method was used to estimate the complexing capacity of water extracts from both desert soils sampled at the root zone of creosote and salt cedar plants, and in soils from interspace or background regions where no vegetative influence was apparent. The copper complexing capacity of water extracts of these desert soils was influenced by contact time and pH. In soils from the root zones of creosote and salt cedar plant, copper complexation capacities at pH 8 were from 5 µM to 60 µM after five min contact periods, while 18 h contact periods yielded copper complexation capacities of 40 µM–80 µM. Soils with no vegetative influence had copper complexing capacities of less the 2 µM. The copper complexing capacities of these soils are well correlated with the concentration of organic carbon in the water extract (r2 = 0.86). The abundance of soluble organic matter in the root zone of desert shrubs has the potential to control the solution speciation of Cu2+. The formation of soluble complexes should also have an important influence on the plant uptake and transport of copper, as well as other heavy metals in the root zones of desert shrubs and beyond.

Use of artificial wetland for the treatment of surface and wastewater

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Jan Šálek ◽  
František Marcián ◽  
Iman Elazizy
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Artificial Wetland ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Inlet Zone

Vegetative root zone methods are based on self-purifying processes that take place in the soil, wetland and vegetation containing water media. Our studies are concentrated on the course of puryfying in relation with the length of the filtration bed and on the progress of eliminating the ammoniacal pollution. The research proved that the essential part of the puryfying process takes place within the inlet zone (Figs 1 and 2). The decomposition of ammonia proceeds very slowly. The process of nitrification is affected by the lack of oxygen in the filtration media. To improve the effectiveness of vegetative root zone methods we suggest specific steps: an adjustment of the inlet zone, a system of cascades, a water level pulsation system and combinations of different types and arrangements of vegetative root zones.

Copper complexation by dissolved organic matter and uncertainty assessment of their stability constants

Chemosphere ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas G.J Nierop ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Jasper A Vrugt ◽  
Jacobus M Verstraten
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Uncertainty Assessment ◽  
Copper Complexation

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

2011 ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Klaus ◽  
Maja Kozarski ◽  
Miomir Niksic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.:Fr.) Karst is one of the medicinal mushrooms, which possesses enviable antioxidant properties. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging abilities on 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and chelating effects on ferrous ions of hot water extracts obtained from carpophore and spores of this mushroom. Hot water extract from carpophore (Gl-I) showed high antioxidant activity of 85.7 ? 0.7%, at 10 mg/ml, while antioxidant activity of hot water extract from spores (Gl-Is) was 9.2 ? 0.3% at 10 mg/ml. Reducing power of Gl-I reached a plateau of 3.4 ? 0.1 at 20 mg/ml, and 0.3 ? 0.0 at 20 mg/ml for Gl-Is. At 10 mg/ml, scavenging ability on DPPH radicals of Gl-I increased to 96.8 ? 2.5%, whereas Gl-Is scavenged DPPH radicals by 69.6 ? 2.5% at 10 mg/ml. Gl-I chelated 81.6 ? 3.6 % of ferrous ions at 20 mg/ml, while the chelating effect of Gl-Is was 73.8 ? 1.7%. The antioxidative activities of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of the mushroom G. lucidum were concentration dependent and increased with an increase in the concentration.

Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from Mycelia Materials of Several Mushrooms on the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3541-3544
Author(s):  
Pei Sheng Yan ◽  
Xiu Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

ACE inhibitory activities of water extracts from mycelia of 6 kinds of mushrooms in liquid fermentation were investigated. All strains cultivated in shaking flask containing liquid medium, and yield of mycelia ranged from 0.051 to 1.392 g mycelia/day/L liquid medium in average. Resulting mycelia were extracted with distilled water at 50°Cfor 200 min, and the yield of water extracts from mycelia ranged from 287.475 to 490.088 mg/g dried mycelia. These water extracts were used to assay their ACE inhibitory activity. Results showed that their IC50 values ranged from 1.277 to 5.250 mg/ml. The difference among IC50 values of these water extracts were significant (p<0.05 or p<0.001). Lactarius camphorates (IC50: 1.646±0.061mg/mL) was the specie which had relatively lower IC50 value than others, as well as relatively higher water extract yield. The results highlighted the potential for making antihypertensive functional foods or drugs from liquid cultured mycelia of Lactarius camphorates.

scholarly journals Usages of Salvia officinalis Boiled Water Extract for Pathogenic Escherichia coli Exclusion at Elevated Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Sherifa Sabra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Chemical Contents

The aim was for tryout using daily regular Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts in "Arab and Saudi Society", especially at elevated region "Taif". That to prove its ability for pathogenic Escherichia coli exclusion and had antibiotic resistance. This could prove strength of chemical content and adherence of "Arab People" to use as regular and daily to stabilize body health and protect against pathogenic bacteria. Salvia officinalis was purchased from pharmacy at "Taif" and boiled water extract was made. Pathogenic Escherichia coli was obtained from a "Licensed Health Center"; culture was made and suspensions. Tryout by boiled water extract were added to bacterial suspension and then were kept in incubator. The samples were taken at hours (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19); were cultured and were kept for 48 hours at 37 °C. The exclusion percent's had determined, Escherichia coli exclusion mean percentages rose 5% at third hour and then increased 7% at fifth hour and at ninth hour was 8%. Then it decreased at the eleventh hour and thirteenth hour (2% and 3%), then rose at the fifteenth hour 10%. It decreased 5% at the seventeenth hour, and then returned and rose at the nineteenth hour 12%. It was concluded Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts effects on pathogenic Escherichia coli exclusion was found during one growth bacteria cycle, indicated the characteristics of chemical contents and good daily habit. It was recommend continuing as "Arabian Habit" Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts for health and protection stability.

scholarly journals Simulating measurable ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics with the mechanistically-defined MEMS 2.0 model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jocelyn M. Lavallee ◽  
Andy D. Robertson ◽  
Rebecca Even ◽  
Stephen M. Ogle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
C Stocks

Abstract. For decades, predominant soil biogeochemical models have used conceptual soil organic matter (SOM) pools and only simulated them to a shallow depth in soil. Efforts to overcome these limitations have prompted the development of new generation SOM models, including MEMS 1.0, which represents measurable biophysical SOM fractions, over the entire root zone, and embodies recent understanding of the processes that govern SOM dynamics. Here we present the result of continued development of the MEMS model, version 2.0. MEMS 2.0 is a full ecosystem model with modules simulating plant growth with above and below-ground inputs, soil water, and temperature by layer, decomposition of plant inputs and SOM, and mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen (N). The model simulates two commonly measured SOM pools – particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM and MAOM), respectively. We present results of calibration and validation of the model with several grassland sites in the U.S. MEMS 2.0 generally captured the soil carbon (C) stocks (R2 of 0.89 and 0.6 for calibration and validation, respectively) and their distributions between POM and MAOM throughout the entire soil profile. The simulated soil N matches measurements but with lower accuracy (R2 of 0.73 and 0.31 for calibration and validation of total N in SOM, respectively) than for soil C. Simulated soil water and temperature were compared with measurements and the accuracy is comparable to the other commonly used models. The seasonal variation in gross primary production (GPP; R2 = 0.83), ecosystem respiration (ER; R2 = 0.89), net ecosystem exchange (NEE; R2 = 0.67), and evapotranspiration (ET; R2 = 0.71) were well captured by the model. We will further develop the model to represent forest and agricultural systems and improve it to incorporate new understanding of SOM decomposition.

scholarly journals Role of growth regulators and plant water extracts on the productivity and water use efficiency of wheat genotypes under limited water supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safdar Hussain ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Tahira Batool Qaisrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Empowerment of wheat genotypes by application of growth regulators, compatible solutes and plant extracts under water restriction is an important strategy for getting sustainable yield. Field trail was performed at the research area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Three wheat cultivars Aas-2011, Faisalabad- 2008 and Triple dwarf-1 were subjected to drought stress (skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage). The wheat genotypes were subjected to treatments viz., T1 i.e. All normal irrigation without application of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), moringa (MLE) and mulberry leaf water extract (MBLE), T2­ i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 2µM ABA, T3 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10 m mol SA, T4 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 15% MLE and T5 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10% MBLE. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement and repeated three times. From this study it is concluded that Aas-2011 shown best result under drought condition by applying growth regulators and plant water extracts. rs and plant water extracts.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS TO CONTROL OF PENICILLIUM ITALICUM WEHMER CAUSING BLUE MOLD ON LEMON FRUITS IN IRAQ

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ahed A.H. Matloob ◽  
Hamid A A. Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Lemon Fruit ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Inhibitory Effect

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extract of Propolis, Wild mustard and dates vinegar in the inhibition of Penicillium italicum causal agent of Blue mold on a lemon fruits. The results showed that all tested extracts with concentrations 5, 10 and 15% had a high inhibitory effect against P. italicum. Dates vinegar is highly effective and showed 100% inhibition of P. italicum and protected lemon fruit from infection. First time this type of natural inhibitory water extracts are used in Iraq which resulted that the dates vinegar is the best suitable option for the management of lemon blue mold disease in post-harvest.

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