scholarly journals Survival Rate, Chemical and Microbial Properties of Oak Seedlings Planted with or without Oak Forest Soils in a Black Locust Forest of a Dryland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Chikae Tatsumi ◽  
Takeshi Taniguchi ◽  
Fujio Hyodo ◽  
Sheng Du ◽  
Norikazu Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Native tree species are frequently unable to effectively grow in non-native tree cultivation scenarios. In the Loess Plateau, China, it is difficult to find native oak (Quercus liaotungensis) seedlings in non-native black locust forests. Black locust is an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree, but oak is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree. Plants highly depend on their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi to take up water, nitrogen (N) and other nutrients. We hypothesized that black locust forests would not provide ECM inoculum to oak seedlings, limiting their water and nutrient uptake, which would be improved by ECM inoculum. Here, we (1) sowed seeds, with or without oak forest soils, (2) transplanted seedlings collected in oak forests, with or without oak forest soils, and (3) planted seedlings germinated in autoclaved or unautoclaved oak forest soils. We measured the survival and growth rate for all three experiments, along with chemical properties, and root ECM colonization. Oak seeds sowed with oak forest soils had higher mycorrhizal colonization, leaf N concentrations and survival rate, and lower root δ13C than the seeds sowed without oak forest soils. Planting with oak forest soils also increased the survival rate of the germinated seedlings, but not the transplanted seedlings. Overall, our study suggested that the use of oak forest soils in the black locust forest to improve the water and N uptake of oak seedlings by providing the ECM inoculum, resulting in a high survival rate. Our study also implies that the method of sowing seeds was effortless and effectively compared to transplanting wild/nursery seedlings.

scholarly journals (115) Soil Inoculum Potential and Mycorrhizal Colonization of Acer rubrum in Forested and Developed Landscapes

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079D-1079
Author(s):  
P. Eric Wiseman ◽  
Christina Wells
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Soil Inoculum ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Soil Inoculum Potential

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with numerous landscape tree species and can improve tree growth and environmental stress tolerance. Construction-related soil disturbance is thought to diminish AMF colonization of transplanted trees in newly developed landscapes. We gathered root, soil, and foliar data from red maples (Acer rubrum) growing in newly developed landscape sites and adjacent native forest sites to test the hypotheses that: 1) landscape trees show lower levels of AMF colonization than forest trees; and 2) the AMF inoculum potential of landscape soils is lower than that of forest soils. Fine roots sampled from landscape maples had significantly lower AMF colonization than maples from adjacent forest sites (3% vs. 22%; P= 0.0002). However, soil-sand mixtures made from landscape soils possessed greater AMF inoculum potential than those made from forest soils (10% vs. 4%; P= 0.0081). Forest soils were more acidic and possessed less extractable P than landscape soils, and differences in AMF colonization between forest and landscape maples appeared to reflect differences in soil chemical properties rather than in soil inoculum potential.

scholarly journals Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 446 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlete S. Barneze ◽  
Jeanette Whitaker ◽  
Niall P. McNamara ◽  
Nicholas J. Ostle
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grassland Productivity

Abstract Aims Grasslands are important agricultural production systems, where ecosystem functioning is affected by land management practices. Grass-legume mixtures are commonly cultivated to increase grassland productivity while reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, little is known about the effect of this increase in productivity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in grass-legume mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between the proportion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures and N-fertiliser addition on productivity and GHG emissions. We tested the hypotheses that an increase in the relative proportion of legumes would increase plant productivity and decrease GHG emissions, and the magnitude of these effects would be reduced by N-fertiliser addition. Methods This was tested in a controlled environment mesocosm experiment with one grass and one legume species grown in mixtures in different proportions, with or without N-fertiliser. The effects on N cycling processes were assessed by measurement of above- and below-ground biomass, shoot N uptake, soil physico-chemical properties and GHG emissions. Results Above-ground productivity and shoot N uptake were greater in legume-grass mixtures compared to grass or legume monocultures, in fertilised and unfertilised soils. However, we found no effect of legume proportion on N2O emissions, total soil N or mineral-N in fertilised or unfertilised soils. Conclusions This study shows that the inclusion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures positively affected productivity, however N cycle were in the short-term unaffected and mainly affected by nitrogen fertilisation. Legumes can be used in grassland management strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing crop demand for N-fertilisers.

Tree species rather than type of mycorrhizal association drives inorganic and organic nitrogen acquisition in tree-tree interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reuter ◽  
Olga Ferlian ◽  
Mika Tarkka ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
Karin Pritsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
N Acquisition ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Abstract Mycorrhizal fungi play an important role for the nitrogen (N) supply of trees. The influence of different mycorrhizal types on N acquisition in tree-tree interactions is, however, not well understood, particularly with regard to the competition for growth-limiting N. We studied the effect of competition between temperate forest tree species on their inorganic and organic N acquisition in relation to their mycorrhizal type (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza or ectomycorrhiza). In a field experiment, we quantified net N uptake capacity from inorganic and organic N sources using 15N/13C stable isotopes for arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species (i.e., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Prunus avium L.) as well as ectomycorrhizal tree species (i.e., Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., and Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). All species were grown in intra- and interspecific competition (i.e., monoculture or mixture). Our results showed that N sources were not used complementarily depending on a species´ mycorrhizal association, but their uptake rather depended on the competitor indicating species-specific effects. Generally, ammonium was preferred over glutamine and glutamine over nitrate. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inorganic and organic N acquisition of the studied temperate tree species is less regulated by mycorrhizal association, but rather by the availability of specific N sources in the soil as well as the competitive environment of different tree species.

High survival rate in advanced-stage B-cell lymphomas and leukemias without CNS involvement with a short intensive polychemotherapy: results from the French Pediatric Oncology Society of a randomized trial of 216 children.

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Patte ◽  
T Philip ◽  
C Rodary ◽  
J M Zucker ◽  
H Behrendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Cns Involvement

From April 1984 to December 1987, the French Pediatric Oncology Society (SFOP) organized a randomized trial for advanced-stage B-cell lymphoma without CNS involvement to study the possibility of reducing the length of treatment to 4 months. After receiving the same three intensive six-drug induction courses based on high-dose fractionated cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX), and cytarabine in continuous infusion, patients were evaluated for remission. Those who achieved complete remission (CR) were randomized between a long arm (five additional courses with two additional drugs; 16 weeks of treatment) and a short arm (two additional courses; 5 weeks). For patients in partial remission (PR), intensification of treatment was indicated. Two hundred sixteen patients were registered: 15 stage II nasopharyngeal and extensive facial tumors, 167 stage III, and 34 stage IV, 20 of the latter having more than 25% blast cells in bone marrow. The primary sites of involvement were abdomen in 172, head and neck in 30, thorax in two, and other sites in 12. One hundred sixty-seven patients are alive in first CR with a minimum follow-up of 18 months; four are lost to follow-up. Eight patients died from initial treatment failure, 14 died from toxicity or deaths unrelated to tumor or treatment, and 27 relapsed. The event-free survival (EFS), with a median follow-up of 38 months, is 78% (SE 3) for all the patients, 73% (SE 11) for the stage II patients, 80% (SE 3) for the stage III patients, and 68% (SE 8) for the stage IV and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. One hundred sixty-six patients were randomized: 82 in the short arm and 84 in the long arm. EFS is, respectively, 89% and 87%. Statistical analysis confirms equivalence of both treatment arms with regard to EFS. Moreover, morbidity was lower in the short arm. This study confirms the high survival rate obtained in the previous LMB 0281 study without radiotherapy or debulking surgery and demonstrates the effectiveness of short treatment.

scholarly journals Survival Rate of 1008 Short Dental Implants with 21 Months of Average Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3943
Author(s):  
João Caramês ◽  
Ana Catarina Pinto ◽  
Gonçalo Caramês ◽  
Helena Francisco ◽  
Joana Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Implant Survival ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Clinical Records

This retrospective study evaluated the survival rate of short, sandblasted acid-etched surfaced implants with 6 and 8 mm lengths with at least 120 days of follow-up. Data concerning patient, implant and surgery characteristics were retrieved from clinical records. Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-surfaced tissue-level 6 mm (TL6) or 8 mm (TL8) implants or bone-level tapered 8 mm (BLT8) implants were used. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were calculated for qualitative variables and mean values and standard deviations for quantitative variables. A Cox regression model was performed to verify whether type, length and/or width influence the implant survival. The cumulative implant survival rate was assessed by time-to-event analyses (Kaplan–Meier estimator). In all, 513 patients with a mean age of 58.00 ± 12.44 years received 1008 dental implants with a mean follow-up of 21.57 ± 10.77 months. Most implants (78.17%) presented a 4.1 mm diameter, and the most frequent indication was a partially edentulous arch (44.15%). The most frequent locations were the posterior mandible (53.97%) and the posterior maxilla (31.55%). No significant differences were found in survival rates between groups of type, length and width of implant with the cumulative rate being 97.7% ± 0.5%. Within the limitations of this study, the evaluated short implants are a predictable option with high survival rates during the follow-up without statistical differences between the appraised types, lengths and widths.

scholarly journals High survival rate of a critically endangered species, the Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina, as a contribution to population recovery

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Monticelli ◽  
Ricardo Ceia ◽  
Ruben Heleno ◽  
Hugo Laborda ◽  
Sergio Timóteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

scholarly journals Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent colorectal liver metastases is associated with a high survival rate

HPB ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 774-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Andreou ◽  
Antoine Brouquet ◽  
Eddie K. Abdalla ◽  
Thomas A. Aloia ◽  
Steven A. Curley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Repeat Hepatectomy ◽  
High Survival ◽  
High Survival Rate

scholarly journals Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Undergoing Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Units: A Five-Million Population-Based Study in the North-West of Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Mariano ◽  
Marco Pozzato ◽  
Paola Inguaggiato ◽  
Cesare Guarena ◽  
Ernesto Turello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Survival

Background: Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a severe complication of drug administration with significant morbidity and mortality. So far no study in large population areas have examined the incidence, clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI)-MALA patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs) and treated by renal replacement therapy (MALA-RRT). Methods: Retrospective analysis over a 6-year period (2010-2015) in Piedmont and Aosta Valley regions (5,305,940 inhabitants, 141,174 diabetics treated with metformin) of all MALA-RRT cases. Results: One hundred and seventeen cases of AKI-MALA-RRT were observed (12.04/100,000 metformin treated diabetics, 1.45% of all RRT-ICU patients). Survival rate was 78.3%. The average duration of RRT was 4.0 days at mean dialysis effluent of 977 mL/kg/day. At admission most patients were dehydrated, and experienced shock and oliguria. Conclusion: Our data showed that MALA-RRT is a common complication, needing more prevention. Adopted policy of early, extended, continuous and high efficiency dialysis could contribute to an observed high survival rate. Video Journal Club “Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco” at http://www.karger.com/?doi=471917.

scholarly journals Revegetation of Rock Slopes with Different Substrates in an Abandoned Quarry in Jinju, Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ma Hoseop ◽  
Ettagbor Hans Enukwa ◽  
Kang Wonseok ◽  
Kim Choonsig
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Leaf Mold ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Target Plant

The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of drilled slanted holes filled with different substrates in the revegetation of rock slopes. Slanted holes were drilled on rock slopes using pneumatic drillers in an abandoned limestone quarry area. These holes were filled with twelve different substrates, treated with Trichoderma harzianum. One climbing plant of Ivy (Hedera rhombea), a native woody plant (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya), three native herbaceous plants (Dianthus barbatus, Siberian chrysanthemum and Aster koraiensis) and one exotic grass plant (Festuca arundinacea) were planted in each of the soils. Six months after planting, only Ivy, Festuca arundinacea, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Dianthus barbatus were still observed growing on the soils, while the other plant species had already died in all the 12 soil treatments. Leaf mold soil + 50% Trichoderma harzianum provide the best conditions for revegetation of Festuca arundinacea, as this plant had its highest mean height, high survival rate, with impressive growth rate on this soil. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya also had its most favorable growth on Leaf mold soil + 50% T. harzianum. Mixed soil + 100% T. harzianum provide the best conditions for revegetation of Ivy. Leaf mold soil + 100% T. harzianum provide the best condition for revegetation of Dianthus barbatus as it had its highest mean height, highest growth rate and high survival rate on this soil. Siberian chrysanthemum and Aster koraiensis had the worse results as all of the plants died within a short period of time after planting. Ivy had the highest mean height, followed by Festuca arundinacea. The planted Ivy and Festuca arundinacea now form the vegetation of the research site which together with the substrate is now providing habitat to some wildlife like some species of centipedes, earthworms, insects and wild plants. Less than one year after planting, F. arundinacea already produced flowers and seeds which would further increase the plant population after dispersal and germination. Drilling slanted holes on rock slopes is therefore a feasible method to be used for revegetation and restoration of degraded quarries.The revegetation of steep rock slopes of quarries is a very challenging activity. However, the method of drilling slanted holes on rock slopes is a feasible method to be used for restoration of degraded quarries. These holes could serve in soil deposition and water retention that will further enhance plant growth.Methods of improving seed germination as well as enhancing growth of plants are also imperative in revegetation success of such degraded landscapes. Different percentage mixtures of T. harzianum in different soils could enhance plant growth depending on the target plant species. Different substrates could thus be used in such revegetation process depending on the target plant species.Revegetation would provide habitat and improve landscape beauty and stability, thus it is important for successful restoration of rock slopes 

scholarly journals Oral application of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)challenged with Vibrio harveyi

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Widanarni ◽  
Puguh Widagdo ◽  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Immersion Method

<p>The use of antibiotics for controlling of luminous vibriosis caused by <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> is restricted now, because it induces antibiotic-resistant bacteria and leave residue in shrimp’s body. An alternative solution that can be done to treat the disease is by using applications of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on the survival rate and growth of Pacific white shrimp against <em>V. harveyi</em> infection. Feed as a treatment was supplemented with probiotic 1%, prebiotic 2%, and probiotic 1%+prebiotic 2% (synbiotic). Shrimps feed without supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic was used as a control treatment. The shrimps were maintainedin the aquarium (60×30×35 cm<sup>3</sup>) with a density of 40 shrimps/40 L and an average weight of 0.4±0.1 g. After 30 days of feeding treatment, the shrimp was challenged by immersion method with <em>V. harveyi</em> solution containing 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL. The results showed that before challenge, synbiotic feed treated shrimp has a growth rate (5.89%), feed conversionrate (1.21), and a high survival rate (80%). After challenge, survival rate (83.33%) of shrimp fed diet supplemented with synbiotic was higher than prebiotic (51.67%) and positive control (31.67%).</p> <p>Keywords: probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>,Pacific white shrimp</p>

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