scholarly journals A Review of Architectural and Structural Design Typologies of Multi-Storey Timber Buildings in Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Vesna Žegarac Leskovar ◽  
Miroslav Premrov
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

Numerous countries across the globe have witnessed the recent decades’ trend of multi-storey timber buildings on the rise, owing to advances in engineering sciences and timber construction technologies. Despite the growth and numerous advantages of timber construction, the global scale of multi-storey timber construction is still relatively low compared to reinforced concrete and steel construction. One of the reasons for a lower share of high-rise timber buildings lies in the complexity of their design, where the architectural design, the selection of a suitable structural system, and the energy efficiency concept strongly depend on the specific features of the location, particularly climate conditions, wind exposure, and seismic hazard. The aforementioned shows the need for a comprehensive study on existing multi-storey timber buildings, which correspond to the boundary conditions in a certain environment, to determine the suitability of such a construction in view of its adjustment to local contexts. Apart from exposing the problems and advantages of such construction, the current paper provides a brief overview of high-rise timber buildings in Europe. Moreover, it addresses the complexity of the design approach to multi-storey timber buildings in general. The second part of the paper highlights the importance of synthesising the architectural, energy, and structural solutions through a detailed analysis of three selected case studies. The findings of the paper provide an expanded view of knowledge of the design of tall timber buildings, which can significantly contribute to a greater and better exploitation of the potential of timber construction in Europe and elsewhere.

IMPLEMENTASI PENENTUAN ARSITEKTUR MASJID MODERN DI ACEH MENGGUNAKAN PEMODELAN SISTEM CERDAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Masthura Hasan ◽  
T Iqbal Faridiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Selection Of

Mosque architectural design is based on Islamic culture as an approach to objects and products from the Islamic community by looking at their suitability and values and basic principles of Islam that explore more creative and innovative ideas. The purpose of this system is to help the team and the community in seeing the best mosque in the top order so that the system can be used as a reference for the team and the community. The variables used in the selection of modern mosques include facilities and infrastructure, building structure, roof structure, mosque area, level of security and facilities. The system model used is a fuzzy promethee model that is used for the modern mosque selection process. Fuzzy inference assessment is used to determine the value of each variable so that the value remains at normal limits. Fuzzy values will then be included in promethee assessment aspects. The highest promethee ranking results will be made a priority for the best mosque ranking. This fuzzy inference system and promethee system can help the management team and the community in determining the selection of modern mosques in aceh in accordance with modern mosque architecture. Intelligent System Modeling System In Determining Modern Mosque Architecture in the City of Aceh, this building will be web based so that all elements of society can see the best mosque in Aceh by being assessed by all elements of modern mosque architecture.Keywords: Fuzzy inference system, Promethe, Option of  Masjid

scholarly journals A Fuzzy Network DEA Approach to the Selection of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4236
Author(s):  
Tim Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Weight Restrictions ◽  
Network Dea ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Fuzzy Network ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) is an essential yet complex decision that requires careful consideration of various performance criteria. In real-world applications, there are cases that observations are difficult to measure precisely, observations are represented as linguistic terms, or the data need to be estimated. Since the growth of engineering sciences has been the key reason for the increased utilization of AMTs, this paper develops a fuzzy network data envelopment analysis (DEA) to the selection of AMT alternatives considering multiple decision-makers (DMs) and weight restrictions when the input and output data are represented as fuzzy numbers. By viewing the multiple DMs as a network one, the data provided by each DM can then be taken into account in evaluating the overall performances of AMT alternatives. In the solution process, we obtain the overall and DMs efficiency scores of each AMT alternative at the same time, and a relationship in which the former is a weighted average of the latter is also derived. Since the final evaluation results of AMTs are fuzzy numbers, a ranking procedure is employed to determine the most preferred one. An example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Method for Evaluation of Visual Privacy in Residential Environments

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
He Zheng ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Heyi Wei ◽  
Jinbiao Yan ◽  
Jianfeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Visual Exposure ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Visual Privacy ◽  
Building Level

With the rapid expansion of high-rise and high-density buildings in urban areas, visual privacy has become one of the major concerns affecting human environmental quality. Evaluation of residents’ visual exposure to outsiders has attracted more attention in the past decades. This paper presents a quantitative indicator; namely, the Potential Visual Exposure Index (PVEI), to assess visual privacy by introducing the damage of potential visual incursion from public spaces and neighborhoods in high-density residences. The method for computing the PVEI mainly consists of three steps: extracting targets and potential observers in a built environment, conducting intervisibility analysis and identifying visible sightlines, and integrating sightlines from building level and ground level to compute the PVEI value of each building opening. To validate the proposed PVEI, a case study with a sample building located at the center of Kowloon, Hong Kong, was evaluated. The results were in accordance with the common-sense notion that lower floors are subjected to poor visual privacy, and privacy is relatively well-preserved in upper floors in a building. However, residents of middle floors may suffer the worst circumstances with respect to visual privacy. The PVEI can be a useful indicator to assess visual privacy and can provide valuable information in architectural design, hotel room selection, and building management.

scholarly journals An Overview of High-Rise Buildings in Jakarta since 1967 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
M F Effendi ◽  
I F Ridzqo ◽  
S W Dharmatanna
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Design Development ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Construction Knowledge

Abstract High-rise buildings in big cities are crucial for business, economic, educational, residential, and entertainment activities in recent times. The technology discoveries in various fields that support high-rise building construction such as structure, mechanical, electrical, and materials have opened up opportunities for comfortable and environmentally safe architectural work. The first milestone of high-rise building construction knowledge in Indonesia was the completion of the thirteen-floors Sarinah retail building in 1967. Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, then experienced rapid growth of high-rise buildings construction. However, there is limited research on the development of high-rise building designs in Indonesia, especially from an architectural design perspective. It leads to the lack of literature on high-rise building design in Indonesia. By utilizing a publicly accessible database from the Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat and recent literature called Designing Tall Building by Mark Sarkisian, this paper explores the design development of high-rise buildings in Jakarta from time to time in the aspects of architecture, structure and sustainability.

Urban heat island estimation from improved selection of urban and rural stations by DTW algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Hu ◽  
Gensuo Jia ◽  
Jinlong Ai ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Meiting Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Dynamic Time ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Typical urban and rural temperature records are essential for the estimation and comparison of urban heat island effects in different regions, and the key issues are how to identify the typical urban and rural stations. This study tried to analyze the similarity of air temperature sequences by using dynamic time warping algorithm (DTW) to improve the selection of typical stations. We examined the similarity of temperature sequences of 20 stations in Beijing and validated by remote sensing, and the results indicated that DTW algorithm could identify the difference of temperature sequence, and clearly divide them into different groups according to their probability distribution information. The analysis for station pairs with high similarity could provide appropriate classification for typical urban stations (FT, SY, HD, TZ, CY, CP, MTG, BJ, SJS, DX, FS) and typical rural stations (ZT, SDZ, XYL) in Beijing. We also found that some traditional rural stations can’t represent temperature variation in rural surface because of their surrounding environments highly modified by urbanization process in last decades, and they may underestimate the urban climate effect by 1.24℃. DTW algorithm is simple in analysis and application for temperature sequences, and has good potentials in improving urban heat island estimation in regional or global scale by selecting more appropriate temperature records.

The spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater dependent precipitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Passet ◽  
Lan Wang-Erlandsson ◽  
Yoshihide Wada ◽  
Agnes Pranindita ◽  
Agatha De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Selection Of

<div><span>A<strong> </strong>substantial portion of groundwater abstracted from aquifers is used for irrigation and evaporated to the atmosphere, potentially contributing towards downwind precipitation. While the fate of evaporation fluxes from land have been analysed, the atmospheric pathways of evaporation originating from groundwater have not yet been globally quantified. This study analysed the geographical distribution, the seasonality and the magnitude of groundwater-dependent precipitation (Pgw) </span><span>at a global scale and for a selection of countries and river basins. The Eulerian moisture tracking WAM-2layers model was used to process meteorological and groundwater abstraction input data from 1980 to 2010.  Results show considerable contributions of groundwater to precipitation downwind of the most heavily irrigated areas, leading to net groundwater losses over these areas. Globally, 40% of the Pgw </span><span>precipitates directly in the oceans, and do not contribute to biomass production in terrestrial ecosystems. Some of the countries with the highest rates of groundwater abstraction (India, the USA, Pakistan and Iran), receive low volumes of Pgw </span><span>and are net losers of groundwater resources. The countries with the highest net gain of groundwater are China, Canada and Russia. At river basin scale, the Indus, Ganges and Mississippi basins are net losers of groundwater to downwind Pgw</span><span>, while the Yangtze, Tarim and Brahmaputra basins receive more Pgw </span><span>than their groundwater withdrawals. The share of precipitation that originates from groundwater varies considerably with seasons, and can be especially high when low local precipitation levels occur in combination with high upwind groundwater abstraction. Furthermore, precipitation dependence on </span><span>groundwater (ρgw)</span><span>, has steadily increased between 1980 to 2010 in all studied areas and globally. Our study suggests that the countries and basins with a high and increasing dependency on ρgw </span><span>to support their precipitation can be vulnerable to groundwater availability upwind.</span></div>

GlacierMIP3 global glacier mass change equilibration experiments - rationale and experimental design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Zekollari ◽  
Regine Hock ◽  
Ben Marzeion ◽  
Fabien Maussion ◽  
Lilian Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Equilibrium Volume ◽  
Global Mean

<p>Glaciers outside the ice sheets are major contributors to today’s sea-level rise and are projected to remain so in the coming century. With the goal to better assess the future sea-level contribution from glaciers and to quantify related uncertainties, the Glacier Model Intercomparison Project (GlacierMIP) has set out to develop a series of coordinated experiments to be run as a community-wide effort.</p><p>The first two phases of the GlacierMIP have focused on the evolution of glaciers throughout the 21<sup>st</sup> century (Hock et al., 2019; Marzeion et al., 2020). In the third phase of GlacierMIP (GlacierMIP3 – equilibration), a new set of experiments has been designed to investigate the equilibration of glaciers under constant climate conditions. These experiments will allow us to answer the following fundamental questions:</p><p>1. What would be the equilibrium volume and area of all glaciers outside the ice sheets if global mean temperatures were to stabilize at present-day levels?</p><p>2. What would be the equilibrium volume and area of all glaciers outside the ice sheets if global mean temperatures were to stabilize at different temperature levels (e.g. +1.5, +2, relative to pre-industrial)?</p><p>3. For each of these global mean temperature stabilization scenarios, how much time would the glaciers need to reach their new equilibrium?</p><p>In this contribution, we present the experimental design of GlacierMIP3 and open up the floor for ideas and discussions about possible processing of these experiments. We also invite interested individuals and groups to join us to discuss the possibility of their model to be included in the newest phase of GlacierMIP.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p><strong>GlacierMIP1</strong>: Hock, R., Bliss, A., Marzeion, B., Giesen, R.H., Hirabayashi, Y., Huss, M., Radic, V., Slangen, A.B.A. (2019), GlacierMIP – A model intercomparison of global-scale glacier mass-balance models and projections, Journal of Glaciology 65(251), 453-467, doi: 10.1017/jog.2019.22</p><p><strong>GlacierMIP2</strong>: Marzeion, B., Hock, R., Anderson, B., Bliss, A., Champollion, N., Fujita, K., Huss, M., Immerzeel, W., Kraaijenbrink, P., Malles, J-H., Maussion, F., Radic, V., Rounce, D.R., Sakai, A., Shannon, S., van de Wal, R., Zekollari, H. (2020), Partitioning the Uncertainty of Ensemble Projections of Global Glacier Mass Change, Earth’s Future 8(7), e2019EF001470, doi: 10.1029/2019EF001470</p>

Offsite construction in the Australian low-rise residential buildings application levels and procurement options

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Lin ◽  
Sainan Lyu ◽  
Rebecca Jing Yang ◽  
Linda Tivendale
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

PurposePrefabricated housing has become a boom industry across the world; however, the uptake of offsite construction (OSC) approaches in Australian low-rise buildings is rather low compared with high-rise buildings in other countries. This study aims to investigate and analyse the adoption of different levels of OSC approaches and the selection of different procurement options in Australian low-rise residential buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe research objectives were pursued through a mixed research method. An empirical questionnaire survey was carried out with 35 professionals in the Australian building and construction industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 interviewees and analysed using thematic analysis method in NVivo software.FindingsThe research results found that the most suitable OSC level for Australian low-rise buildings is components-based prefabrication and identified the barriers to OSC uptake for each OSC level. The study also showed that the best option of procuring prefabricated products is from Australian manufacturers, followed by Australian suppliers/dealers and overseas manufacturers. Panelised prefabrication and components-based prefabrication are ranked as the most suitable OSC approaches for Australian manufacturers. Modular prefabrication is regarded as the most suitable for overseas manufacturer, while components-based prefabrication is the most suitable for Australian suppliers/dealers.Originality/valueThe selection of various OSC approaches and different procurement options in the low-rise residential buildings are scarcely explored topic, and thus, this study provides knowledge of interest for both researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Climate change impact – residential unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Ján Hollý ◽  
Adela Palková
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The issue of climate change is undeniably demonstrating its presence. Consequently, there is a rising need to be prepared for upcoming threats by any means possible. One of the precautions includes obtaining the information characterizing the expected impact of global warming. This will allow authorities and other stakeholders to act accordingly in time. The article presents the assessment of the extent of impact of energy-related construction solutions in dwelling type unit situated in Central Europe region under the 21st century climate conditions. The findings represent eventual demands of energy for cooling and heating and its prospective savings. This is conducted by consecutively and automatically changing the parameters in individual simulation runs. As a basis for simulations, regionally scaled weather data of three different climate areas are used. These data are based on the emission scenarios by IPCC and are reaching to the year 2100. The selection of assessed parameters and climate data application are briefly explained in the article. The results of simulations are evaluated and recommended solutions are stated in regard to the specific energy-related construction changes. The aim is to successfully mitigate and adapt to the climate change phenomenon.

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