Invertebrates in Fruitbodies of Heterobasidion spp., Infected Picea abies Logs and Adjacent Soil

Heterobasidion spp. pathogenic fungi produce conspicuous fruitbodies on infected wood, which may represent a habitat for a range of organisms, including invertebrates. The aim was to: (i) assess and compare invertebrate diversity in Heterobasidion spp. fruitbodies, infected Picea abies wood and adjacent soil; (ii) test methods for collecting invertebrates from Heterobasidion spp. fruitbodies. A total of 69 Heterobasidion fruitbody samples, 46 wood samples and 19 soil samples were collected at two forest sites in Latvia. In total, 7311 invertebrate individuals were collected representing 62 different taxa, among which 55 were in fruitbodies, 47 in wood and 36 in soil. The dominant invertebrates in fruitbodies were Acari (82.4%), Collembola (6.2%), Coleoptera (4.7%); in wood were Acari (78.6%), Collembola (9.6%), Diplopoda (3.1%); in soil were Acari (90.6%), Collembola (3.4%) and Coleoptera (1.4%). Among all taxa, 17.7% were found exclusively in fruitbodies, 3.2% in wood, 4.8% in soil, while 48.4% were shared among different substrates. Although many invertebrate taxa were shared, their relative abundance differed substantially among different substrates. The sampling methods used provided valuable information on invertebrate communities. Further development of these methods may be needed to obtain more detailed and specific information about invertebrates inhabiting different habitats.

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Development of Resistance to Hymexazol Among Pythium Species in Cucumber Greenhouses in Oman

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-16-1680-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 202-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zainab M. Al-Balushi ◽

Hesham Agrama ◽

Issa H. Al-Mahmooli ◽

Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽

Abdullah M. Al-Sadi

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Integrated Disease Management ◽

Pythium Species ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

The Common ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Further Development

A study was conducted to characterize the common Pythium spp. in greenhouses in Oman and their level of resistance to hymexazol, a widely used fungicide in the country. Pythium isolates were obtained from soil samples, cocopeat bags, and cucumber roots collected from seven regions in the country. Identification of 80 Pythium isolates to the species level using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA showed that they belong to four species: Pythium aphanidermatum (77 isolates), P. spinosum (1 isolate), P. myriotylum (1 isolate), and P. catenulatum (1 isolate). Investigating the aggressiveness of three Pythium spp. on cucumber showed that P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and P. spinosum are pathogenic. Phylogenetic analysis of P. aphanidermatum isolates showed that most of the isolates obtained from cocopeat clustered separately from isolates obtained from soil and roots. This may indicate a difference in the origin of the cocopeat isolates. Evaluating the resistance of 27 P. aphanidermatum isolates to hymexazol showed that most isolates were sensitive (0.9 to 31.2 mg liter−1) whereas one isolate was resistant (142.9 mg liter−1). This study is the first to report P. myriotylum and P. catenulatum in Oman. It is also the first to report the development of resistance to hymexazol among P. aphanidermatum populations from greenhouses. Growers should use integrated disease management strategies to avoid further development of resistance to hymexazol.

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Status Quo of PVT Characterization

10.18777/ieashc-task60-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K. Kramer

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Test Methods ◽

Status Quo ◽

Public And Private ◽

Iso Standards ◽

The Status ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Further Development

Report B1: This report therefore aims at displaying the Status Quo of PVT Characterization in order to support PVT technology in its further development and applications. The report is hence of interest for researchers as well as public and private sector stakeholders. A key finding is that the reliability and durability of PVT modules are especially challenged at elevated temperatures and higher humidity loads. The test methods available from the IEC and ISO standards are covering the specifics of PV and ST module’s, most of which are similar for PVT modules, too.

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THE ROLE OF EXOGENOUS FACTORS IN THE FOREST BIOTA FORMATION

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/12512 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Курбанова ◽

Saniya Kurbanova ◽

Глушко ◽

Sergey Glushko ◽

Прохоренко ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Strategy ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Different Types ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Further Development ◽

Biological Component ◽

Different Levels

Forest sites are formed in the interaction of heterogeneous components of biogeosystem. The increase or decrease of biological component in forest biogeosystems defines the different types of strategy with opposite characteristics, representing the different lines of adaptation (to the biological medium and abiotic environment). The manifestation of adaptive strategy requires appropriate tools, which are evolving on the basis of accumulated property (information capacity) and prevailing forest sites. Forest sites can be seen as an external “order” on the evolution of adaptations. Silvicultural properties of forest biological systems work enough in the interaction of different forms of matter (biological, abiotic), mapping out a hierarchy of biogeosystems. The information potential of forest biota interconnects different levels of systemic organization of forest biogeosystems. Further development of biogeocenology and the theory and ecosystems will allow to investigate the relationship of forest biota with exogenous forest-forming factors.

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Chemical and physical properties of an anthropogenic dark earth soil from Bragança, Para, Eastern Amazon

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201505663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luma Castro de SOUZA ◽

Herdjania Veras de LIMA ◽

Sueli RODRIGUES ◽

Dirse Clara KERN ◽

Álvaro Pires da SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Retention ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Water Retention Curve ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Adjacent Soil

ABSTRACT Although anthropogenic dark earth (ADE) is generally found in non-floodable land, it also occurs on floodplains but, there is no information about the chemical and physical characteristics of ADE in this environment. In this study, we propose to check the hypothesis that a Gleysol, classified as ADE, presents improved chemical and physical conditions than an adjacent soil, no anthropogenic. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the top layer of two ADE profiles in a Gleysol and compare them with an adjacent soil. Samples were taken from two areas classified as ADE in Bragança, Pará State, Brazil, at the "Jabuti" archaeological site, and from an adjacent non-anthropogenic site. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at the soil depth of 0.05-0.10 m for chemical (pH, potential acidity, exchangeable cations, and soil organic carbon) and physical (soil particle size distribution, particles density, water retention curve, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, and bulk density) analysis. The two areas of ADE in a Gleysol, showed improved soil chemical properties compared to the adjacent soil, particularly in relation to phosphorus and calcium levels that contributed to higher cation exchange capacity which, in turn, was positively related to organic carbon content. Changes in soil physical properties were less noticeable but both areas of ADE presented higher water retention capacity, particularly at low tension. The improved conditions of the ADE soil under Gleysols shows that these areas are adequate for soil cultivation, especially with plants adapted to floodplain.

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Modelling the incidence of butt rot in plantations of Piceaabies in Denmark

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x95-205 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 1887-1896 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. Vollbrecht ◽

B. Bilde Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Hardwood Forest ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Butt Rot ◽

Silvicultural Treatments ◽

Forest Sites ◽

The Impact

An empirical model is presented to forecast the incidence of butt rot at the stand level. In addition, the impact of different thinning regimes and stump treatment on the incidence of butt rot was evaluated. The model is based on data from 166 permanent forest yield research plots of pure even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plantations in Denmark, within which the incidence of butt rot at stump height in thinned trees has been recorded after each thinning since 1947. In total, 79 000 stumps from 895 thinnings were studied. Regression analyses were carried out with the incidence of butt rot at a given point of time as the dependent variable and variables describing site, stand, and silvicultural treatments as the independent variables. Predictions carried out with the model imply that Norway spruce planted on old hardwood forest sites show the fastest development of butt rot and that the more heavily or more often a stand is thinned, the faster will be the development of butt rot. Furthermore, stump treatment with urea or sodium nitrite and thinnings carried out during January–March reduce the rot development.

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Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in public park soils of Mumbai, India

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2012.e6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh ◽

Shilpa Amit Verekar

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Shake Flask Culture ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Public Parks ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Public Park

The parks of Mumbai are frequently visited by local residents every morning and evening. However, there are no reports on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in these areas. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in the public parks of Mumbai. One hundred soil samples were collected from five public parks: Kamla Nehru Park, Powai Garden, CD Deshmukh Garden, Five Gardens and Chota Kashmir. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated by the hair baiting technique using human hair as keratin bait. The cultures were identified using macroand micro-morphological features. Identification was also confirmed by the BLAST search of sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region against the NCBI/Genbank data and compared with deposited sequences. The ability of these fungi to use human hair was also evaluated by release of protein in liquid media. A total of 75 strains of keratinophilic fungi were recovered from 100 (75.0%) soil samples. The isolated fungi were composed of eleven species of eight genera: Arthrographis kalrae, Auxarthron conjugatum, Chrysosporium indicum, C. queenslandicum, C. zonatum, Gymnascella dankaliensis, G. hyalinospora, Microsporum gypseum (15.0%), Myriodontium keratinophilum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Uncinocarpus reesii. These fungi can release 148.8-307.6 μg/mL protein in liquid media when grown on human hair in shake flask culture and also decompose 16.2-38.6% of human hair after four weeks of incubation. Our study indicates that keratinophilic fungi are to be found in the soils of various public parks in Mumbai and that human hair can be a source of pathogenic fungi.

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How effective are non-destructive sampling methods to assess aquatic invertebrate diversity in bromeliads?

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10750-010-0272-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 649 (1) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. Jocque ◽

A. Kernahan ◽

A. Nobes ◽

C. Willians ◽

R. Field

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Aquatic Invertebrate ◽

Destructive Sampling ◽

Invertebrate Diversity ◽

Non Destructive

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Development of Simplified Model Test Methods for Creep-Fatigue Evaluation

Volume 1: Codes and Standards ◽

10.1115/pvp2019-93648 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Y. Wang ◽

B. Jetter ◽

M. C. Messner ◽

T.-L. Sham

Keyword(s):

Model Test ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Test Methods ◽

Simplified Model ◽

Test Results ◽

Interaction Diagram ◽

Creep Fatigue ◽

Fatigue Evaluation ◽

Creep Regime ◽

Further Development

Abstract The Simplified Model Test (SMT) approach is an alternative creep-fatigue evaluation method that no longer requires the use of the damage interaction diagram, or D-diagram. The reason is that the combined effects of creep and fatigue are accounted for in the test data by means of a SMT specimen that is designed to replicate or bound the stress and strain redistribution that occurs in actual components when loaded in the creep regime. However, creep-fatigue experiments on SMT key feature articles are specialized and difficult to perform by the general research community. In this paper, two innovative SMT based creep-fatigue experimental methods are developed and implemented. These newly-developed SMT test methods have resolved all the critical challenges in the SMT key feature article testing and enable the potential of further development of the SMT based creep-fatigue evaluation method into a standard testing method. Scoping test results on Alloy 617 and SS 316H using the newly developed SMT methods are summarized and discussed. The concepts of the SMT methodology for creep-fatigue evaluation are explained.

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Spatial variability of soil pH sampled by two methodologies used in precision agriculture in farms under crop rotation

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v86n209.70897 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (209) ◽

pp. 289-297

Author(s):

Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz ◽

Brenon Diennevan Souza Barbosa ◽

Étore Francisco Reynaldo ◽

Sthéfany Airane Dos Santos ◽

Jose Roberto Moreira Ribeiro Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Spherical Model ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Determination Methods

This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability of pH in soils of two farms in the state of Paraná, Brazil, based on two different sampling methods used in precision agriculture, by means of geostatistical analyzes. The first method of sampling the pH grid consisted in the collection of soil samples by the traditional method (1 point / ha). The second method of pH determination was by on-the-go soil sensor (200 points / ha). The spherical model was better suited to most semivariograms, regardless of the sampling method. After adjusting the semivariograms for soil pH determination methods, thematic maps were made using normal kriging. The best spatial distribution of pH was obtained where the attribute was sampled by the on-the-go sensor. The number of pH samples collected and the sampling method influenced the visual representation of pH variability.

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Use of camera-traps in natural trails and shelters for the mammalian survey in the Atlantic Forest

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212012000100012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 88-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Geruza L. Melo ◽

Jonas Sponchiado ◽

Nilton C. Cáceres

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Sampling Design ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Forest Park ◽

Forest Sites

In order to evaluate the efficiency of different mammalian survey methods, we compared traditional sampling techniques (use of camera-traps on roads and artificial trails, track censuses, and direct field visualization) with an alternative sampling design (camera-traps positioned in natural areas such as natural trails and shelters). We conducted the study in a deciduous Atlantic-Forest park in southern Brazil, and additionally compared our results with a previous intensive study carried out in the same area. Our considerably smaller sampling effort (example: 336 trap.day for our camera-traps versus 2,154 trap.day for the earlier study) registered the presence of 85% of the local known species, with camera-traps being 68% efficient. Moreover, shelter camera-traps revealed a different species composition regarding most of other sampling methods. This sampling strategy involving natural forest sites was therefore able to effectively optimize the chances of evaluating species composition in a shorter period, especially with respect to lower-density and cryptic species, as well as to detect species that avoid open, disturbed sites such as roads and man-made forest trails.

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