scholarly journals Biodegradation of Residues from the Palo Santo (Bursera graveolens) Essential Oil Extraction and Their Potential for Enzyme Production Using Native Xylaria Fungi from Southern Ecuador

Fermentation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Vinicio Carrión-Paladines ◽  
Andreas Fries ◽  
Rosa Elena Caballero ◽  
Pablo Pérez Daniëls ◽  
Roberto García-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Native Fungi ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
Potential Use

The degradation dynamics of lignin and cellulose were analyzed by means of a solid state biodegradation experiment, using residues from the essential oil extraction of the Palo Santo tree (Bursera graveolens). As such, two native Xylaria spp. and an exotic mushroom Trametes versicolor were incubated on the spent substrate (Residues of B. Graveolens, BGR’s). The relatively high lignin and cellulose contents of the BGRs (9.1% and 19%, respectively) indicated the potential of this resource for the production of methane (biogas) and ethanol. However, the degradation of the lignin and cellulose content could be traced back to the relatively high activity of the enzymes laccase, cellulase, and xylanase, produced by the fungi. The results showed that laccase (30.0 U/L and 26.6 U/L), cellulase (27.3 U/L and 35.8 U/L) and xylanase (189.7U/L and 128.3 U/L) activities of Xylaria feejeensis and Xylaria cf. microceras were generally higher than T. versicolor (9.0 U/L, 29.5 U/L, 99.5 U/L respectively). Furthermore, the total carbon (TC: 47.3%), total nitrogen (TN: 1.5%), total phosphorus (TP: 0.2%) and total potassium (TK: 1.2%) dynamics were analyzed during the experiment and their importance for the degradation process highlighted. The results of this work might serve as guidance for future studies in dry forest areas, while furthering the understanding of the potential use of native fungi as ecologic lignocellulosic decomposers and for industrial proposes.

Manufacturing Process for Extracting Essential Oils from White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) by Hydrodistillation Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Thi To Quyen Ngo ◽  
Thi Kim Ngan Tran ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Oil Performance

Vietnam is the world's leading country in growing and producing pepper trees. In this study, we attempted the optimization of white pepper essential oil extraction. The obtained oil was then subject to determination of constituent composition via GC-MS method. The essential oil performance achieved 3.6% by hydro-distillation process with optimal conditions (25 grams of fresh pepper, size 18, 120 minutes extraction, 130°C). A total of 23 volatile constituents were identified from the white pepper essential oil, with the major components being 27.4% of Limonene, 3-Carene 22,928%, Sabinene 17,622%, β-pinene 10.068%, α-Pinene 5.426%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Essential Oils as Seed Treatments against Seedborne Fungal Pathogens of Cucurbita maxima

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2354
Author(s):  
Marwa Moumni ◽  
Mohamed Bechir Allagui ◽  
Kaies Mezrioui ◽  
Hajer Ben Amara ◽  
Gianfranco Romanazzi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Seedborne Pathogens ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Potential Use

Essential oils are gaining interest as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for management of seedborne pathogens. Here, seven essential oils were initially tested in vivo for disinfection of squash seeds (Cucurbita maxima) naturally contaminated by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium fujikuro, Fusarium solani, Paramyrothecium roridum, Albifimbria verrucaria, Curvularia spicifera, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The seeds were treated with essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula hybrida, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis, and Origanum majorana (#1 and #2). Incidence of S. cucurbitacearum was reduced, representing a range between 67.0% in L. nobilis to 84.4% in O. majorana #2. Treatments at 0.5 mg/mL essential oils did not affect seed germination, although radicles were shorter than controls, except with C. citratus and O. majorana #1 essential oils. Four days after seeding, seedling emergence was 20%, 30%, and 10% for control seeds and seeds treated with C. citratus essential oil (0.5 mg/mL) and fungicides (25 g/L difenoconazole plus 25 g/L fludioxonil). S. cucurbitacearum incidence was reduced by ~40% for plantlets from seeds treated with C. citratus essential oil. These data show the effectiveness of this essential oil to control the transmission of S. cucurbitacearum from seeds to plantlets, and thus define their potential use for seed decontamination in integrated pest management and organic agriculture.

scholarly journals The design and build of ohmic heated hydro distillation for the essential oil extraction of eucalyptus leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Iswahyono ◽  
A.S. Saleh ◽  
S Djamila ◽  
A. Bahariawan ◽  
L. Komariah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves

scholarly journals Effects of Land-Use Change on the Community Structure of the Dung Beetle (Scarabaeinae) in an Altered Ecosystem in Southern Ecuador

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Vinicio Carrión-Paladines ◽  
Andreas Fries ◽  
Andrés Muñoz ◽  
Eddy Castillo ◽  
Roberto García-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

This study evaluated the effects of land-use change (L-UCH) on dung beetle community structure (Scarabaeinae) in a disturbed dry ecosystem in southern Ecuador. Five different L-UCH classes were analyzed by capturing the dung beetle species at each site using 120 pitfall traps in total. To determine dung beetle abundance and diversity at each L-UCH, a general linear model (GLM) and a redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied, which correlated environmental and edaphic conditions to the community structure. Furthermore, changes in dung-producing vertebrate fauna were examined, which varied significantly between the different L-UCH classes due to the specific anthropogenic use or level of ecosystem disturbance. The results indicated that soil organic matter, pH, potassium, and phosphorus (RDA: component 1), as well as temperature and altitude (RDA: component 2) significantly affect the abundance of beetles (GLM: p value < 0.001), besides the food availability (dung). The highest abundance and diversity (Simpson’s index > 0.4, Shannon-Wiener index > 1.10) was found in highly disturbed sites, where soils were generally more compacted, but with a greater food supply due to the introduced farm animals. At highly disturbed sites, the species Canthon balteatus, Dichotomius problematicus, and Onthphagus confuses were found specifically, which makes them useful as bio-indicators for disturbed dry forest ecosystems in southern Ecuador.

scholarly journals FUMIGATION TOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) IN STORED MAIZE GRAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALDEANY NÚBIA DE SOUZA ◽  
CARLOS ROMERO FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
CLÁUDIA HELENA CYSNEIROS MATOS ◽  
DAIANY KEILA FLORENTINO DE ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Fumigation Toxicity

ABSTRACT: The Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a primary pest of stored grains in many regions of the world. In this work we evaluated the fumigant activity of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Citrus aurantium L., Mentha spicata L. and Croton pulegiodorus Baill on adult R. dominica in stored maize. Tests were conducted to determine lethals concentrations (CL50 and CL100) and mortality (fumigation).The fumigation test was done in containers made of glass containing 10 individuals of R. dominica, where essential oils were applied at different concentrations: O. basilicum and M. spicata (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40µL/L of air), C. aurantium (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60µL/L of air) and C. pulegiodorus (0, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 90µL/L of air). After 48 hours of exposure to the oils the percentage of insect mortality was evaluated. According to LC50 and LC100 the toxicity of essential oils decreased in the following order: O. basilicum> M. spicata> C. pulegiodorus> C. aurantium. The essential oil of O. basilicum exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against R. dominica adults, with a LC50 value of 17.67 µL/L air and LC100 value of 27.15 µL/L air. The C. aurantium essential oil required higher concentrations than O. basilicum, M. spicata and C. pulegiodorus to kill insects. However, all oils evaluated presented fumigating property to promote the control of R. dominica and demonstrated potential use in the management of this coleoptera.

scholarly journals Pepper root rot resistance and pepper yield are enhanced through biological agent G15 soil amelioration

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11768
Author(s):  
Xuejiang Zhang ◽  
Dazhao Yu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pepper root rot is a serious soil-borne disease that hinders pepper production, and efforts are being made to identify biological agents that can prevent and control pepper root rot. Our group recently discovered and produced a biological agent, named G15, which reduces the diversity and richness of fungi and bacteria when applied to pepper fields. In the soil of the G15-treatment condition, the pathogenic fungus Fusarium was inhibited, while the richness of beneficial bacteria Rhodanobacter was increased. Also, the ammonia nitrogen level was decreased in the G15-treatment soil, and the pH, total carbon, and total potassium levels were increased. Compared to the control condition, pepper yield was increased in the treatment group (by 16,680 kg acre−1). We found that G15 could alter the microbial community structure of the pepper rhizosphere. These changes alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil and, ultimately, improve resistance to pepper root rot and increase pepper yield.

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