scholarly journals Recent Developments and Current Status of Commercial Production of Fuel Ethanol

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Tuan-Dung Hoang ◽  
Nhuan Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Current Production

Ethanol produced from various biobased sources (bioethanol) has been gaining high attention lately due to its potential to cut down net emissions of carbon dioxide while reducing burgeoning world dependence on fossil fuels. Global ethanol production has increased more than six-fold from 18 billion liters at the turn of the century to 110 billion liters in 2019, only to fall to 98.6 billion liters in 2020 due to the pandemic. Sugar cane and corn have been used as the major feedstocks for ethanol production. Lignocellulosic biomass has recently been considered as another potential feedstock due to its non-food competing status and its availability in very large quantities. This paper reviews recent developments and current status of commercial production of ethanol across the world with a focus on the technological aspects. The review includes the ethanol production processes used for each type of feedstock, both currently practiced at commercial scale and still under developments, and current production trends in various regions and countries in the world.

scholarly journals Recent Developments and Current Status of Commercial Production of Fuel Ethanol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Dung Hoang ◽  
Nhuan Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

Ethanol produced from various biobased sources (bioethanol) has been gaining high attention lately due to its potential to cut down net emissions of carbon dioxide while reducing burgeoning world dependence on fossil fuels. Global ethanol production has increased more than six-fold from 18 billion liters at the turn of the century to 110 billion liters in 2019 (1,2). Sugar cane and corn have been used as the major feedstocks for ethanol production. Lignocellulosic biomass has recently been considered as another potential feedstock. This paper reviews recent developments and current status of commercial production of ethanol across the world. The review includes the ethanol production processes used for each type of feedstock, both currently practiced at commercial scale and newly developed technologies, and production trends in various regions and countries in the world.

scholarly journals Bio-ethanol (2nd Generation Ethanol): A Solution to Ever Polluting Gasoline to Climate in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohapatra ◽  
Raj Kishore Mishra ◽  
Khitish K. Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace

Environmentally sustainable energy sources are called for due to contemporaneous development in industries along with the rapid pace of urbanization. Ethanol produced from biomass can be deliberated as a clean and safest liquid fuel and an alternative to fossil fuels as they have provided unique environmental, strategic economic benefits. For the past decade, it has been noticed that there is an increasing trend found in bio ethanol production which has created a stimulus to go for advancement in bio ethanol production technologies. Several feed stocks have been used for the bio ethanol production but the second generation bio ethanol has concentrated on the lignocellulosic biomass. Plenteous lignocellulosic biomass in the world can be tapped for ethanol production, but it will require significant advances in the ethanol production process from lignocellulosic because of some technical and economic hurdles found in commercial scale. This review will encompass the current status of bio ethanol production in terms of their economic and environmental viability along with some research gaps as well as policy implications for the same.

scholarly journals Locating a New Collegiate Entrepreneurship Program, a framework for a University Campus

10.28945/4385 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 075-087
Author(s):  
Douglas H Carter
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Current Status ◽  
New Venture Creation ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
University Campus ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

Entrepreneurship has emerged over the last three decades as arguable the most potent economic force the world has ever experienced. This economic expansion has paralleled rapid growth in the field of entrepreneurship education. Recent developments in curricula and programs devoted to entrepreneurship, new venture creation and corporate innovation have been remarkable. The number of colleges and universities that offer courses related to entrepreneurship has grown from a handful 35 years ago to over 3000 today. In the midst of this expansion lies the challenge of establishing and sustaining entrepreneurship programs in universities across the globe. (Morris, Kuratko & Cornwall, 2013) The literature review will help inform us of the current status of entrepreneurship programs on university campuses and provide us with some indication of any changes in the idea of where to place a new program.

From Electrochemical Capacitors to Supercapatteries

Green ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hoon Chae ◽  
Xiaohang Zhou ◽  
George Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractThe enormous technical developments and rapid changes in life patterns made in the recent decades have largely been attributed to the exploitation of contemporary forms of energy sources, i.e. fossil fuels. However, their finite availability and significantly high environmental impacts have aroused concerns and spurred research to find alternatives and more efficient ways to store energy. In particular, recent developments of batteries and fuel cells as energy storage devices have been proven to be very promising, but their poor power characteristics and cyclic stability hinder their wider applications. Conversely, conventional capacitors display a great outputting pulsed power, but disappointing energy characteristics. Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which are also known as supercapacitors, bridge the crucial performance disparity between fuel cells or batteries with high energy capacities and the traditional capacitors capable of outputting pulsed high power. The main focus of this review is to outline the latest developments of the ECs and determine their current status in terms of energy and power characteristics. In particular, recent developments in materials including new synthesis methods, structural studies and advanced configurations of ECs are discussed. Moreover, several technical challenges to further development are identified. Based on the latest results, the potential of developing supercapatteries, whose performance is in between batteries and contemporary supercapacitors, are also discussed in this review.

Key drivers influencing the commercialization of ethanol-based biorefineries

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj K Chandel ◽  
Om V Singh ◽  
Gajula Chandrasekhar ◽  
Linga Venkateswar Rao ◽  
Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Cost

The imposition of ethanol derived from biomass for blending in gasoline would make countries less dependent on current petroleum sources, which would save foreign exchange reserves, improve rural economies and provide job opportunities in a clean and safe environment. The key drivers for successful commercial ethanol production are cheap raw materials, economic pretreatment technologies, in-house cellulase production with high and efficient titers, high ethanol fermentation rates, downstream recovery of ethanol and maximum by-products utilization. Furthermore, recent developments in engineering of biomass for increased biomass, down-regulation of lignin synthesis, improved cellulase titers and re-engineering of cellulases, and process integration of the steps involved have increased the possibility of cheap bioethanol production that competes with the price of petroleum. Recently, many companies have come forward globally for bioethanol production on a large scale. It is very clear now that bioethanol will be available at the price of fossil fuels by 2010. This article intends to provide insight and perspectives on the important recent developments in bioethanol research, the commercialization status of bioethanol production, the step-wise cost incurred in the process involved, and the possible innovations that can be utilized to reduce the cost of ethanol production.

scholarly journals THE PROSPECTS, IMPACTS, AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES OF ENHANCED CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
SL Ezeoha ◽  
CN Anyanwu ◽  
JN Nwakaire
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

The benefits and impacts of enhanced cellulosic ethanol (CE) production, the major features of existing production processes, and some current research challenges of major pretreatment processes are presented. The prospects of enhanced CE production, especially in developing economies like Nigeria are highlighted. We conclude that in order to reap the promising prospects and conquer the challenges and negative impacts of enhanced CE production, current researches for production of cellulosic ethanol must be focused on the development of processes that are capable of liberating and fermenting lignocellulose into bioethanol at faster rates, higher yields, and overall technical and economic efficiency. These researches should concentrate on the development of cheaper enzymes, genetically engineered microorganisms, and cost-effective thermochemical processes in order to accomplish the much-needed breakthrough in cellulosic biofuel production. Properly targeted innovative researches on cellulosic ethanol production processes are the sure route to effective reduction of global dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels. The needed research breakthroughs will obviously be based on innovative integration of processes rather than on the improvement of the well-known individual processes of bioethanol production. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.32

scholarly journals Controversial reversal of nuclear option

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Miodrag Mesarovic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

Nuclear option is in a unique position to restore its original role of the main source of energy with an increased attention paid to the security of electricity supply as well as regulatory changes affecting fossil fuels, particularly with due introduction of climate change prevention measures. Recent developments indicate the advantages of nuclear option over other possible options in terms of sustainable development. However, a large number of controversial issues on nuclear energy make its reversal less clear. These are discussed with particular attention paid to recent developments worldwide, including the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in September 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa.

scholarly journals What is still Limiting the Deployment of Cellulosic Ethanol? Analysis of the Current Status of the Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Padella ◽  
Adrian O’Connell ◽  
Matteo Prussi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Commercial Scale

Ethanol production from cellulosic material is considered one of the most promising options for future biofuel production contributing to both the energy diversification and decarbonization of the transport sector, especially where electricity is not a viable option (e.g., aviation). Compared to conventional (or first generation) ethanol production from food and feed crops (mainly sugar and starch based crops), cellulosic (or second generation) ethanol provides better performance in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions savings and low risk of direct and indirect land-use change. However, despite the policy support (in terms of targets) and significant R&D funding in the last decade (both in EU and outside the EU), cellulosic ethanol production appears to be still limited. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the status of cellulosic ethanol production in EU and outside EU, reviewing available literature and highlighting technical and non-technical barriers that still limit its production at commercial scale. The review shows that the cellulosic ethanol sector appears to be still stagnating, characterized by technical difficulties as well as high production costs. Competitiveness issues, against standard starch based ethanol, are evident considering many commercial scale cellulosic ethanol plants appear to be currently in idle or on-hold states.

Antimicrobial Activity of Sorbate

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. SOFOS ◽  
F. F. BUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Selective Agent ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

During the last 30 years sorbate has been tested and used widely in the preservation of various food products throughout the world. Currently it has received increased attention as a potential replacer of nitrite for botulism control in processed meat products. Previous reports, however, had suggested sorbate as a selective agent for clostridia in laboratory media. Recent developments as well as the need for safe, practical and effective food preservatives in current and future food processing have generated intense interest in preservatives such as sorbate. This paper reviews the significant developments relating to use of sorbate as a food preservative - its antimicrobial effects, applications, advantages and limitations. A summary of the current status as well as unanswered questions relevant to the mechanism(s) through which the compound exerts its antimicrobial activity also is presented.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

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