scholarly journals Coffee By-Products as Sustainable Novel Foods: Report of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Foods—“Future Foods and Food Technologies for a Sustainable World”

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier ◽  
Steffen Schwarz ◽  
Jörg Rieke-Zapp ◽  
Ennio Cantergiani ◽  
Harshadrai Rawel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Electronic Conference ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
International Experts ◽  
By Products

The coffee plant Coffea spp. offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean. During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as fertilizer or animal feed. Modern, ecologically oriented society attaches great importance to sustainability and waste reduction, so it makes sense to not dispose of the by-products of coffee production but to bring them into the value chain, most prominently as foods for human nutrition. There is certainly huge potential for all of these products, especially on markets not currently accessible due to restrictions, such as the novel food regulation in the European Union. The by-products could help mitigate the socioeconomic burden of coffee farmers caused by globally low coffee prices and increasing challenges due to climate change. The purpose of the conference session summarized in this article was to bring together international experts on coffee by-products and share the current scientific knowledge on all plant parts, including leaf, cherry, parchment and silverskin, covering aspects from food chemistry and technology, nutrition, but also food safety and toxicology. The topic raised a huge interest from the audience and this article also contains a Q&A section with more than 20 answered questions.

scholarly journals A Review of Coffee By-Products Including Leaf, Flower, Cherry, Husk, Silver Skin, and Spent Grounds as Novel Foods within the European Union

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tizian Klingel ◽  
Jonathan I. Kremer ◽  
Vera Gottstein ◽  
Tabata Rajcic de Rezende ◽  
Steffen Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
By Products

The coffee plant Coffea spp. offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean. During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as animal feed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of novel coffee products in the food sector and their current legal classification in the European Union (EU). For this purpose, we have reviewed the literature on the composition and safety of coffee flowers, leaves, pulp, husk, parchment, green coffee, silver skin, and spent coffee grounds. Some of these products have a history of consumption in Europe (green coffee), while others have already been used as traditional food in non-EU-member countries (coffee leaves, notification currently pending), or an application for authorization as novel food has already been submitted (husks, flour from spent coffee grounds). For the other products, toxicity and/or safety data appear to be lacking, necessitating further studies to fulfill the requirements of novel food applications.

scholarly journals Valuable Hepatoprotective Plants - How Can We Optimize Waste Free Uses of Such Highly Versatile Resources?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubov V. Krepkova ◽  
Aleksandra N. Babenko ◽  
Olga L. Saybel’ ◽  
Irina A. Lupanova ◽  
Olga S. Kuzina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
By Products

Humans used plants for thousand of years as food, drugs, or fuel to keep homes warm. People commonly used fruits and roots, and other parts of the plant were often wasted. This review aims to discuss the potential of rational stem-to-stern use of three highly versatile and valuable plants with hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.), artichoke (Cynara cardunculus), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) have well-characterized hepatoprotective properties. These plants have been chosen since liver diseases are significant diseases of concern worldwide, and all parts of plants can be potentially utilized. Artichoke and chicory are commonly used as food or dietary supplements and less often as phytodrugs. Various dietary supplements and phytodrugs prepared from milk thistle (MT) fruits/seeds are well-known to consumers as remedies supporting liver functions. However, using these plants as functional food, farm animal feed, is not well-described in the literature. We also discuss bioactive constituents present in various parts of these plants, their pharmacological properties. Distinct parts of MT, artichoke, and chicory can be used to prepare remedies and food for humans and animals. Unused plant parts are potentially wasted. To achieve waste-free use of these and many other plants, the scientific community needs to analyze the complex use of plants and propose strategies for waste-free technologies. The government must stimulate companies to utilize by-products. Another problem associated with plant use as a food or source of phytodrug is the overharvesting of wild plants. Consequently, there is a need to use more active cultivation techniques for plants.

scholarly journals Coffee as a Naturally Beneficial and Sustainable Ingredient in Personal Care Products: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dão Pedro de Carvalho Neto ◽  
Xavier P. Gonot-Schoupinsky ◽  
Freda N. Gonot-Schoupinsky
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
By Products

This systematic scoping review presents evidence from 52 primary research articles for the beneficial, and sustainable, use of coffee in personal care products. The identification and evaluation of natural ingredients that harbor bioactive compounds capable of supporting healthy personal care and protecting and improving the appearance and condition of skin and hair is topical. Demand for natural and sustainable ingredients in beauty and personal care products is driving growth in a market valued at over $500 billion. Coffee, as one of the world's favorite beverages, is widely studied for its internal benefits. External benefits, however, are less known. Here the potential of coffee and its by-products as ingredients in cosmetic and personal care formulations is explored. Diverse applications of a range of bioactive compounds from the coffee bean, leaves, and by-products, are revealed. Research is evaluated in light of economic and environmental issues facing the coffee industry. Many of the 25 million smallholder coffee farmers live in poverty and new markets may assist their economic health. Coffee by-products are another industry-wide problem, accounting for 8 million tons of residual waste per year. Yet these by-products can be a rich source of compounds. Our discussion highlights phenolic compounds, triacylglycerols, and caffeine for cosmetic product use. The use of coffee in personal care products can benefit consumers and industry players by providing natural, non-toxic ingredients and economic alternatives and environmental solutions to support sustainability within the coffee production chain. Database searches identified 772 articles. Of those included (k = 52), a minority (k = 10; N = 309) related to clinical trials and participant studies. Applications were classified, using the PERSOnal Care products and ingredients classification (PERSOC). Sustainability potential was evaluated with the Coffea Products Sustainability (COPS) model. Overall objectives of the systematic scoping review were to: (1) scope the literature to highlight evidence for the use of coffee constituents in externally applied personal care products, and (2) critically evaluate findings in view of sustainability concerns.

scholarly journals Prevalent Mycotoxins in Animal Feed: Occurrence and Analytical Methods

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Santos Pereira ◽  
Sara C. Cunha ◽  
José O. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
By Products

Today, we have been witnessing a steady tendency in the increase of global demand for maize, wheat, soybeans, and their products due to the steady growth and strengthening of the livestock industry. Thus, animal feed safety has gradually become more important, with mycotoxins representing one of the most significant hazards. Mycotoxins comprise different classes of secondary metabolites of molds. With regard to animal feed, aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone are the more prevalent ones. In this review, several constraints posed by these contaminants at economical and commercial levels will be discussed, along with the legislation established in the European Union to restrict mycotoxins levels in animal feed. In addition, the occurrence of legislated mycotoxins in raw materials and their by-products for the feeds of interest, as well as in the feeds, will be reviewed. Finally, an overview of the different sample pretreatment and detection techniques reported for mycotoxin analysis will be presented, the main weaknesses of current methods will be highlighted.

scholarly journals RANTAI NILAI (VALUE CHAIN) AGRIBISNIS KOPI ROBUSTA RAKYAT: STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN EMPAT LAWANG PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Putri Suci Asriani ◽  
Armeitha Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Coffee Farming

The absence of routine counseling and cooperatives that can work together also makes farmers still have to independently decide the direction of their business. In addition, the coffee processing industry is still very minimal. The majority of existing coffee products are sold in the form of dried coffee bean directly to collector traders. This study aims to analyze the value chain of coffee produced by value chain actors, and the potential for agribusiness development of robusta coffee in Karang Caya Village, Pendopo Barat District, Empat Lawang Regency. In this study, primary and secondary data were used which were analyzed using value chain analysis (VCA) and discussed in descriptive analysis. Research respondents involved were smallholder coffee farmers, agro-industry players, traders, and local government officials who understand the prospects for developing coffee farming in the research location. Based on the results of the study, it is known that there are 3 marketing channels for coffee, namely: farmers à subdistrict collectors à wholesalers à end consumers; farmers à end consumers; and farmers à coffee processors à end consumers. The dominance of farmers as the main actors in the activities of supply to marketing of coffee is very visible, the role of groups and other institutions is very minimal. Uneven distribution of values results in inefficient channels. This condition results in the price setting being carried out by the buyer (price setter) while the seller acts as the price taker.Key words: Robusta coffee, smallholder farmer, value chain

scholarly journals The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health It ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

scholarly journals Analysis on the economic effect of Sino-US trade friction from the perspective of added value

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Hang Zheng ◽  
Zhu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Trade Friction ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wang Wei

AbstractBased on the theory of trade added value, this paper discusses the potential actual trade scale and benefit damage degree of the two countries under the background of big country game by measuring the real trade scale of China and the USA, simulating the economic impact of tariffs imposed by China and the USA and utilizing Wang–Wei–Zhu (WWZ) method to decompose the potential changes in Sino-US trade. The results show that: firstly, the size of China-US trade in terms of total value is significantly overestimated and China's overall trade with the USA in 2001–2014 was overestimated by an average of 3.06 percent, of which goods trade was overestimated by 8.06 percent. Secondly, although tariff increases can reduce the degree of trade imbalance between China and the USA to some extent, the adverse effects are mutual and global, and the European Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Japan and Canada become the main transfer countries of Sino-US trade. Thirdly, the pattern of China's final exports and the US' intermediate exports determines that China's trade interests are more damaged than those of the USA. It is proved that there is a big gap between China and the USA in the depth and breadth of China's participation in the value chain division of labor and the trade scale measured by Gross Domestic Product is more instructive than the total value.

scholarly journals Analysis of E.U. Rapid Alert System (RASFF) Notifications for Aflatoxins in Exported U.S. Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alshannaq ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Yu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Rapid Alert System

The most common, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins found in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). The United States is a leading exporter of various nuts, with a marketing value of $9.1 billion in 2019; the European Union countries are the major importers of U.S. nuts. In the past few years, border rejections and notifications for U.S. tree nuts and peanuts exported to the E.U. countries have increased due to AF contamination. In this work, we analyzed notifications from the “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)” on U.S. food and feed products contaminated with mycotoxins, primarily AFs, for the 10-year period 2010–2019. Almost 95% of U.S. mycotoxin RASFF notifications were reported for foods and only 5% for feeds. We found that 98.9% of the U.S. food notifications on mycotoxins were due to the AF contamination in almond, peanut, and pistachio nuts. Over half of these notifications (57.9%) were due to total AF levels greater than the FDA action level in food of 20 ng g−1. The Netherlands issued 27% of the AF notifications for U.S. nuts. Border rejection was reported for more than 78% of AF notifications in U.S. nuts. All U.S. feed notifications on mycotoxins occurred due to the AF contamination. Our research contributes to better understanding the main reasons behind RASFF mycotoxins notifications of U.S. food and feed products destined to E.U. countries. Furthermore, we speculate possible causes of this problem and provide a potential solution that could minimize the number of notifications for U.S. agricultural export market.

Effects of Dietary Level of Rice Distiller’s Dried Grains on Performance and Meat Quality of Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Dang ◽  
N.T.P. Giang ◽  
T.T. Nguyen ◽  
S. Chu-Ky ◽  
N.C. Oanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
National University ◽  
By Products

Background: In Vietnam, animal feed mainly depends on imported raw materials, while available agro-industrial by-products are often released into the environment and only a its unsubstantial portion used as an animal feed. Therefore, efficient use of these by-products as animal feed is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of rice distiller’s dried grain (Rice DDG) on broiler performance, meat yield and meat quality. Methods: The research was conducted at the experimental station, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam, from May to September 2020. A total of 240 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 3 replications to receive 4 diets with different levels of RDDG at 0, 5, 8 and 10% for 14 weeks. Growth, meat yield and meat quality were estimated. Result: ADG was higher in broiler chickens fed diets with rice DDG compared to that in control diet at 12 and 14 weeks (P less than 0.05) while ADFI and FCR were not affected by the diets. There were significantly no differences in meat yield and quality among the diets. In conclusion, rice DDG could be used to partially replace main ingredients in chicken diets.

Blockchain for Governance of Sustainability Transparency in the Global Energy Value Chain: Part 2, Reconciling the Technology/Regulation Mismatch

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-50
Author(s):  
Lauren Downes ◽  
Chris Reed
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks

In this second part of a two-part article we continue our consideration of how global energy value chains could be managed more sustainably through blockchain by greatly increasing transparency. The aim is to use this transparency to incentivise more sustainable behaviour on the part both of energy producers and suppliers and of consumers. Incentives of this kind are market based, and so we have concentrated on market-based instruments in the energy sector, emphasising those that decrease the CO2 footprint of energy consumption, such as emissions trading schemes and renewable energy certificates. Blockchain can enhance transparency by improving the quality of, and access to, sustainability-related information. However, existing laws and regulatory frameworks that govern market-based instruments may prevent these benefits from becoming fully realised. We review the governance frameworks of market-based instruments in several international jurisdictions (Brazil, India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, South Africa and Ukraine, as well as the European Union with particular reference to the Netherlands and United Kingdom (which was a member of the EU at the time of this writing), to ascertain how laws, rules and regulations may limit transparency of sustainability information. We also consider jurisdictional differences to identify difficulties in the creation of a global framework for managing sustainability information from market-based instruments. Jurisdictional differences mean that a one-size fits all solution may not be possible. To overcome this, we propose a blockchain governance model, using aggregated blockchains and peering agreements. It allows flexibility when disclosing information, through layering of permissions, and this means that it should be possible to construct a transparency system which complies with existing domestic legal and regulatory requirements, rather than requiring major legal and regulatory change.

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