Review about Non-Lipid Components and Minor Fat-Soluble Bioactive Compounds of Almond Kernel

This work presents a bibliographic review about almond kernel non-lipid components, in particular about the protein fraction, the carbohydrates and the mineral fraction. In addition, other fat-soluble phytochemicals which are present in minor concentrations but show important antioxidant activities are reviewed. Almond kernel is a rich protein food (8.4–35.1%), in which the globulin–albumin fraction dominates, followed by glutelins and prolamins. Within the almond kernel protein profile, amandine dominates. Free amino acids represent a small amount of the total nitrogen quantity, highlighting the presence of glutamic acid and aspartic acid, followed by arginine. Carbohydrates that appear in almond kernels (14–28%) are soluble sugars (mainly sucrose), starch and other polysaccharides such as cellulose and non-digestible hemicelluloses. Regarding the mineral elements, potassium is the most common, followed by phosphorus; both macronutrients represent more than 70% of the total mineral fraction, without taking into account nitrogen. Microminerals include sodium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Within the phytochemical compounds, tocopherols, squalene, phytosterols, stanols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols and volatile compounds can be found.

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Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz.in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871525718666200506100139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ayoub Amssayef ◽

Bouchra Azzaou ◽

Mohammed Ajebli ◽

Mohamed Eddouks

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Lipoprotein Profile ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Asteraceae Family

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Matricaria pubescens. Background: Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz belongs to Asteraceae family and it is commonly used traditionally for handling diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz and its effect on lipid and lipoprotein profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of repeated (7 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Matricaria pubescens (MPAE) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents as well as the antioxidant activity using two methods (FRAP and ABTS) were carried out. Results: MPAE demonstrated a potent antidyslipidemic effect in diabetic rats by reducing serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, the results showed that the extract is rich in several phytochemical compounds and revealed an important antioxidant activity. Conclusion: In summary, this study proved that Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz. has a favorable effect on diabetic dyslipidemia.

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Determination of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, lead, and cadmium in mushroom samples from Tokat, Turkey

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00245-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 389-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Ibrahim Turkekul ◽

Mahfuz Elmastas ◽

Mustafa Tüzen

Keyword(s):

Manganese Zinc ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Iron Copper ◽

Copper Manganese

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Tree Bark Phenols Regulate the Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Gladiolus Flowers

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8010071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hosam O. Elansary

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Tree Bark ◽

Flower Senescence ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Vase Life ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters

The postharvest physiology of cut flowers is largely dependent on vase life, which is the maximum number of days before flower senescence. The use of tree bark extracts (major forest plant residues), as an eco-friendly and natural antioxidant preservative in holding solutions, is a novel tool for extending flower longevity. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of Gladiolus grandiflorus cut spikes to Magnolia acuminata and Taxus cuspidata bark extracts as additives in holding solutions were investigated. G. grandiflorus subjected to bark extracts as well as catechin and protocatechuic acid (main phenols) displayed significant increased longevity (up to 18 days), an increased number of open florets, and increased floret fresh weight. Increases in the relative water content, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugars, and protein content were observed in addition to a reduction in microbial growth in the cut spikes. Gas exchange parameters were higher in the bark extract treatments than in the controls. Higher antioxidant activities were detected and associated with increased superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and reduced H2O2 accumulation. The bark extract treatments associated with reduced expression of GgCyP1 (produces cysteine protease) and increased expression of both GgDAD1 (defends against apoptotic activity) and GgEXPA1 (regulates petal expansion). Several mechanisms were implicated in these effects, including maintenance of water content, enhanced management of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased sugar and protein composition, and control of microbial growth. Thus, bark extracts and isolated phenols could be developed as an eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective natural preservative for cut gladiolus flowers.

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Comprehensive profiling of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activities, anti-HepG2 cell proliferation, and cholinesterase inhibitory potential of Elaeagnus mollis leaf extracts

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. e0239497

Author(s):

Jingmiao Li ◽

Yao Ma ◽

Lijuan Kong ◽

Yulin Liu

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Hepg2 Cell ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Elaeagnus Mollis

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Physiological and biochemical changes during drought and recovery periods at tillering and jointing stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-21441-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Muhammad Abid ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Lei Kang Qi ◽

Rizwan Zahoor ◽

Zhongwei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Membrane Injury ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Metabolic Strategies

Abstract Defining the metabolic strategies used by wheat to tolerate and recover from drought events will be important for ensuring yield stability in the future, but studies addressing this critical research topic are limited. To this end, the current study quantified the physiological, biochemical, and agronomic responses of a drought tolerant and drought sensitive cultivar to periods of water deficit and recovery. Drought stress caused a reversible decline in leaf water relations, membrane stability, and photosynthetic activity, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation and membrane injury. Plants exhibited osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of soluble sugars, proline, and free amino acids and increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. After re-watering, leaf water potential, membrane stability, photosynthetic processes, ROS generation, anti-oxidative activities, lipid peroxidation, and osmotic potential completely recovered for moderately stressed plants and did not fully recover in severely stressed plants. Higher photosynthetic rates during drought and rapid recovery after re-watering produced less-pronounced yield declines in the tolerant cultivar than the sensitive cultivar. These results suggested that the plant’s ability to maintain functions during drought and to rapidly recover after re-watering during vegetative periods are important for determining final productivity in wheat.

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Efficacy of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutation on Physicochemical Properties, Phytochemicals, and Momilactones A and B in Rice

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236862 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6862 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kifayatullah Kakar ◽

Tran Dang Xuan ◽

Nguyen Van Quan ◽

Imran Khan Wafa ◽

Hoang-Dung Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Beneficial Traits

Attempts regarding the improvement and development of novel rice with better quality and higher productivity have been increasing. Among approaches, mutation is a direct alteration on the genome and considered as one of the most beneficial routes to acquire new beneficial traits in rice. An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutation on the antioxidant activities, phytochemical compounds, and momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) in rice. Two rice cultivars, K1 (an original cultivar DT84) and K2 (mutated DT84), were examined. Antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, and momilactones of the rice grain, husk, and straw portions were measured and quantified. Antioxidant activities were higher in grain and straw of K2, whereas K1 showed greater antioxidant activity in rice husk. Additionally, K2 displayed higher total phenolic contents (TPC) in grain and straw as well as lower of it in the husk, but these variations significantly differed only in the straw portion. An increase in total flavonoid contents (TFC) was observed in the husk of K1, while K2 significantly enhanced TFC in straw. Both MA and MB, two compounds obtaining antidiabetes, anticancer, antimicrobial, antigout, and antiobesity properties, were detected and quantified in grain, husk, and straw of K1 and K2 samples. Generally, the contents of MA were higher than MB in all tested portions of rice crop. MA and MB were higher in straw followed by those in husk and grain, respectively. K2 contained higher amounts of MA and MB in straw and husk, but lower contents in grain compared with those in K1. This study illustrates that MNU mutation can improve grain quality and enhance bioactive compounds in straw, husk, and grain of rice. This approach has the potential to develop functional foods from rice, and therefore help farmers in developing countries to improve value in rice production.

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