scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of the Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl (Capparaceae) against Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Gerson Javier Torres Salazar ◽  
Joara Nalyda Pereira Carneiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Gonçalves Cruz ◽  
Rakel Olinda Macedo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

The chemical composition of the Cynophalla flexuosa hydroethanolic extract (CFHEE) was identified and its antioxidant, antifungal and antipleomorphic activities against C. albicans and C. tropicalis strains were evaluated. Phytochemical prospecting evidenced polyphenolic and triterpenoid compounds while UPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Isopropyl/n-propyl-GLS; Methylpropyl-GLS/butyl-GLS; Methylbutyl-GLS; Quercetin O-di-hexoside; Quercetin-pentosyl-hexoside; Rutin; Quercetin O-glucoside; Kaempferol O-rhamnosyl-hexoside; Kaempferol O-pentosyl-hexoside and Lariciresinol hexoside. The CFHEE inhibited the effect of the DPPH● free radical, both when evaluated individually and in combination with the antifungal fluconazole. When associated with 256 μg/mL fluconazole, the extract, at concentrations from 128 μg/mL, reduced the effect of the DPPH● free radical with values ranging from 37.7% to 95.8%. The extract’s antifungal effect was considered clinically irrelevant and its combination with the antifungal triggered an antagonistic effect against the two strains, thus indicating the popular use of bravo beans in the form of teas or infusions should not be combined with the intake of the drug Fluconazole as this may lead to a reduction of its clinical effect. The extract, however, inhibited morphological changes (pleomorphism) in Candida species, preventing the development of hyphae. The CFHEE possesses an antioxidant effect and a potential pharmacological activity for the inhibition of one of the Candida spp. virulence factors.

scholarly journals Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7715
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Czernel ◽  
Dominika Bloch ◽  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk ◽  
Jolanta Cieśla ◽  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

Effects of Aging on the Morphology of Rubber-Brass Interfacial Layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ashirgade ◽  
P. B. Harakuni ◽  
W. J. Vanooij
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Tire Cord ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Adhesion Promoter

Abstract Adhesion between rubber compound and brass-plated steel tire cord is crucial in governing the overall performance of tires. The rubber-brass interfacial adhesion is influenced by the chemical composition and thickness of the interfacial layer. It has been shown that the interfacial layer consists mainly of sulfides and oxides of copper and zinc. This paper discusses the effect of changes in the chemical composition and the structure of the interfacial layers due to addition of adhesion promoter resins. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) experiments were run on sulfidized polished brass coupons previously bonded to five experimental rubber compounds. It was confirmed that heat and humidity conditions lead to physical and chemical changes of the rubber-steel tire cord interfacial layer, closely related to the degree of rubber-brass adhesion. Morphological transformation of the interfacial layer led to loss of adhesion after aging. The adhesion promoter resins inhibit unfavorable morphological changes in the interfacial layer, thus stabilizing it during aging and prolonging failure. Tire cord adhesion tests illustrated that the one-component resins improved adhesion after aging using a rubber compound with lower cobalt loading. Based on the acquired diffraction profiles, these resins were also found to impede crystallization of the sulfide layer after aging, leading to improved adhesion. Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles and scanning electron microscopy micrographs strongly corroborated the findings from GIXRD. This interfacial analysis adds valuable information to our understanding of the complex nature of the rubber-brass bonding mechanism.

GC-MS, HPLC, TLC of Dorycnium herbaceum Tincture Species and Synergistic / Antagonist Effect Testing in Combination with Antibiotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Varut ◽  
Luciana Teodora Rotaru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Antagonist Effect

The study objectives were to determine the chemical composition and the synergistic / antagonistic effect of the association between hydroalcoholic extract from the Dorycnii pentaphylli herba (DPH) and the antibiotics of choice, on five reference strains. The tincture contains flavonoids and polyphenol carboxylic acids in low concentrations. DPH has an antagonistic effect on three of the drugs tested (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, amikacin), the therapeutic effect being completely canceled and has no significant effect on two of them (ceftazidime, cefotaxime).

scholarly journals Post-Translational Modifications Drive Success and Failure of Fungal–Host Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Charmaine Retanal ◽  
Brianna Ball ◽  
Jennifer Geddes-McAlister
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Resistant Species

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) change the structure and function of proteins and regulate a diverse array of biological processes. Fungal pathogens rely on PTMs to modulate protein production and activity during infection, manipulate the host response, and ultimately, promote fungal survival. Given the high mortality rates of fungal infections on a global scale, along with the emergence of antifungal-resistant species, identifying new treatment options is critical. In this review, we focus on the role of PTMs (e.g., phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and methylation) among the highly prevalent and medically relevant fungal pathogens, Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Cryptococcus spp. We explore the role of PTMs in fungal stress response and host adaptation, the use of PTMs to manipulate host cells and the immune system upon fungal invasion, and the importance of PTMs in conferring antifungal resistance. We also provide a critical view on the current knowledgebase, pose questions key to our understanding of the intricate roles of PTMs within fungal pathogens, and provide research opportunities to uncover new therapeutic strategies.

Effect of Vernonia cognata on oxidative damage induced by ethanol in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Mota ◽  
RB Freitas ◽  
ML Athayde ◽  
AA Boligon ◽  
PR Augusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Free radicals production and oxidative stress play a central role in injuries caused by ethanol (EtOH) on gastric mucosal. Thus, strategies to counteract EtOH toxicity are highly desirable. This study was aimed at evaluating whether Vernonia cognata extract would reduce EtOH effects in rats. Rats received Vernonia cognata extract (0, 1 and 2 g/kg bw, by gavage) 1 hour after EtOH had been administered (0 or 70%, 0.5 mL/100 g bw, by gavage) and were killed 1 hour after Vernonia cognata extract administration. The stomach was removed for macroscopic and histopathological evaluation, as well as, oxidative stress markers such as lipoperoxidation (LPO) and non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. EtOH acute exposure increased LPO and decreased NPSH levels and CAT activity along with macroscopic and microscopic lesions in gastric tissue, confirming the involvement of oxidative stress in EtOH toxicity. Vernonia cognata extract attenuated oxidative and histopathological features induced by EtOH at all evaluated doses. Moreover, both studied doses of Vernonia cognata extract caused an increase in NPSH levels per se. However, only the dose of 2 g/kg reverted all macroscopic changes caused by EtOH toxicity. The protective effect of the extract could be attributed to antioxidant molecules present in the extract, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus, an antioxidant effect of the extract leads to a protection on gastric tissue. Our results indicate that Vernonia cognata hydroethanolic extract could have a beneficial role against EtOH toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and gastric tissue injury.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Effects of Celastrus hindsii Benth. Leaf Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Thi Thanh Duyen ◽  
Vu Manh Hung ◽  
Bui Thanh Tung
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Etoac Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Celastrus hindsii Benth et Hook. is known as a herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer. In this study we evaluated the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of Celastrus hindsii Benth et Hook. leaf extract. Samples of Celastrus hindsii were extracted with 90 % ethanol and subsequently fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) solvents. To evaluate the cytotoxic effect, we performed MTT (3- (4,5 dimethylthiazol-2 - yl) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium) assay on the three cell lines human liver Hep G2 (HB - 8065TM), lung LU-1 (HTB - 57TM), breast MCF-7 (HTB - 22TM).  The antioxidant effect was evaluated by screening DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) free radical assay. The results showed that the EtOAc fraction had the strongest cytoxicity effects on liver cancer cells and lung cancer cells with an IC50 value of 33,7 ± 1,5 mg/mL and 13,0 ± 0,5 mg/mL. The BuOH fraction showed a weaker effect on lung cancer cells with IC50 value of 64,0 ± 2,2 mg/mL. The antioxidant results indicated that the EtOAc fraction had the best antioxidant effect with IC50  value of 46,9 ± 2,5 µg/mL. The EtOH total extract also has strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 48,5 ± 2,3 µg/mL. Our study showed that Celastrus hindsii leaf extract has the strong cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities. Keywords Celastrus hindsii Benth et Hook., cytotoxicity, MTT, antioxidant, DPPH. References [1] Ministry of health, General oncology. 2009: Vietnam Education Publishing House Limited Company, 9-10.[2] N.V. Tuyen, Pharmaceutical chemistry curriculum, 2014, Science and Technics Publishing House. 222-223.[3] V.V. Chi. Dictionary of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Medical Publishing House 1 (2012).[4] V. Gan, G. Chen, W. Zhang, J. Zhou . Oleanen induces apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by up-regulation of Bim. International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 22(1) (2012) 38.[5] Y.H. Kuo, L.M.Y. Kuo. Antitumour and anti-AIDS triterpenes from Celastrus hindsii. Phytochemistry 44(7) (1997) 1275.[6] T. Mosmann, Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays 65(1-2) (1983) 55.[7] P. Mahakunakorn, M. Tohda, Y. Murakami, K. Matsumoto, H.J.B. Watanabe, P. Bulletin, Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity of Choto-san and its related constituents 27(1) (2004) 38.[8] P.T. Thuong, M.K. Na, N.H. Dang, T.M. Hung, P.T. Ky, T.V. Thanh, et al. Antioxidant activities of Vietnamese medicinal plants 12(1) (2006) 29.[9] X.Q. Hu, W. Han, Z.Z. Han, Q.X. Li, X.K. Xu, P. Fu, et al. A new macrocyclic lactone and a new quinoflavan from Celastrus hindsii. Phytochemistry letters 7 (2014) 169.[10] A.C. Spivey, M. Weston, Woodhead SJCSR. Celastraceae sesquiterpenoids: biological activity and synthesis 31(1) (2002) 43.[11] T.L. Ngoc, Technology. Separation process of rosmarinic acid and their derivatives from Celastrus hindsii benth leaves. Vietnam Journal of Science 54(2C) (2016) 380.[12] F.R. Mowsumi, A. Rahaman, N.C. Sarker, B.K. Choudhury, Hossain SJWJPPS. In vitro relative free radical scavenging effects of Calocybe indica (milky oyster) and Pleurotus djamor (pink oyster). 4(07) (2015).[13] T.D. Viet, T.D. Xuan, T.M. Van, Y. Andriana, R. Rayee, H.D. Tran. Comprehensive Fractionation of Antioxidants and GC-MS and ESI-MS Fingerprints of Celastrus hindsii Leaves. Medicines 6(2) (2019) 64.[14] T.N. Ly, M. Shimoyamada, Yamauchi RJJoa, chemistry f. Isolation and characterization of rosmarinic acid oligomers in Celastrus hindsii Benth leaves and their antioxidative activity 54(11) (2006) 3786.    

scholarly journals A novel nano-sulphur and essential oil-based room freshener

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Ashwini S. Kaware ◽  
Pramod U Ingle ◽  
Aniket K. Gade ◽  
Mahendra Rai
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Indoor Fungi ◽  
The Face ◽  
Average Size

Introduction: Alternaria spp. and Candida spp. are the main fungal pathogen of indoor environment like house, office, classroom, etc. These may cause various diseases and infections like systemic infections, or chronic asthma in immunocompromised individuals through secretion of various toxic substances. Chemical-based commercially available room fresheners used to control the fungal load of indoor environment are not beneficial to human health. Objective: was to provide viable alternative in the form of nanoparticle-based approach for the management of air-borne fungi. Methodology: The present study primarily focuses on the isolation, microscopic and biochemical identification of indoor fungi; Azadirachta indica-mediated sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesis, their detection and characterization; and in vitro assessment of SNPs against isolated fungi present in indoor environment. Result: The isolated fungi were identified as Alternaria spp and Candida spp. The SNPs showed absorbance maxima at 291 nm. NTA analysis showed average size of 188.4 nm, and zeta potential of -4.94 mV which represented synthesis of stable SNPs. XRD pattern confirmed the face centered cubic, crystalline nature of SNPs. FTIR spectrum depicted the presence of polyhydroxyl, nitrile, keto, aromatic and carboxylic compounds which stabilized the SNPs. The antifungal assays demonstrated the significant activity of the formulated SNPs and eucalyptus oil infused air freshener. Conclusion: It can be concluded that A. indica-mediated SNPs can be applied in the formulation and manufacture of an ecofriendly air freshener for the management of indoor fungal pathogens like Alternaria spp. and Candida spp.

scholarly journals The antifungal effect of six commercial extracts of Chilean propolis on Candida spp

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L Herrera ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Leticia Barrientos ◽  
Gloria Montenegro ◽  
Luis A Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect
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