scholarly journals Multi-Omics Interpretation of Anti-Aging Mechanisms for ω-3 Fatty Acids

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691
Author(s):  
Shu-Hui Xie ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Jing-Jing Jiang ◽  
Yuan Quan ◽  
Hong-Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Randomization Analysis ◽  
Preventive Effects

Aging is one of the hottest topics in biomedicine. Previous research suggested that ω-3 fatty acids have preventive effects on aging. However, most of previous studies on the anti-aging effects of ω-3 fatty acids are focused on clinical observations, and the anti-aging mechanisms of ω-3 fatty acids have not been fully elucidated. This stimulated our interest to use multi-omics data related to ω-3 fatty acids in order to interpret the anti-aging mechanisms of ω-3 fatty acids. First, we found that ω-3 fatty acids can affect methylation levels and expression levels of genes associated with age-related diseases or pathways in humans. Then, a Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to determine whether there is a causal relationship between the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on blood lipid levels and variation in the gut microbiome. Our results indicate that the impact of ω-3 fatty acids on aging is partially mediated by the gut microbiome (including Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteria and Streptococcus). In conclusion, this study provides deeper insights into the anti-aging mechanisms of ω-3 fatty acids and supports the dietary supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids in aging prevention.

scholarly journals Dietary Lipids Influence Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols from Black Carrots and Affect Microbial Diversity under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Chunhe Gu ◽  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Kate Howell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

The bioaccessibility and activity of polyphenols is dependent on their structure and entrapment in the food matrix. While dietary lipids are known to transit into the colon, the impact of different lipids on the microbiome, and their interactions with dietary polyphenols are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary lipids on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from purple/black carrots and adaptation of the gut microbiome in a simulated in vitro digestion-fermentation. Coconut oil, sunflower oil, and beef tallow were selected to represent common dietary sources of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and long-chain polysaturated fatty acids (SFAs), respectively. All lipids promoted the bioaccessibility of both anthocyanins and phenolic acids during intestinal digestion with coconut oil exhibiting the greatest protection of anthocyanins. Similar trends were shown in antioxidant assays (2,2-Diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing ability (FRAP), and total phenolic content (TPC)) with higher phytochemical bioactivities observed with the addition of dietary lipids. Most bioactive polyphenols were decomposed during colonic fermentation. Black carrot modulated diversity and composition of a simulated gut microbiome. Dramatic shifts in gut microbiome were caused by coconut oil. Inclusion of sunflower oil improved the production of butyrate, potentially due to the presence of PUFAs. The results show that the impact of polyphenols in the digestive tract should be considered in the context of other components of the diet, particularly lipids.

Apigenin Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence via Modulation of the SIRT1-NAD+-CD38 Axis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bing Si Li ◽  
Ri Zhe Zhu ◽  
Seok-Hee Lim ◽  
Jae Ho Seo ◽  
Byung-Min Choi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence is now regarded as an important driving mechanism in chronic lung diseases-particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (Apigenin) is a natural flavonoid product abundantly present in fruits, vegetables, and Chinese medicinal herbs. It has been known that apigenin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and liver-protecting effects. The efficacy of apigenin for lung aging, however, has not been reported. In this study, we selected the hydrogen peroxide (H2O[Formula: see text]- or doxorubicin (DOXO)-induced senescence model in WI-38 human embryonic lung fibroblast cells to determine the potential anti-aging effects of apigenin in vitro and associated molecular mechanisms. We found that apigenin reduced senescence-associated [Formula: see text]-galactosidase (SA-[Formula: see text]-gal) activity and promoted cell growth, concomitant with a decrease in levels of Acetyl (ac)-p53, p21[Formula: see text], and p16[Formula: see text] and an increase in phospho (p)-Rb. Apigenin also increased the activation ratio of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD[Formula: see text], and NAD[Formula: see text]/NADH and inhibited cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) activity in a concentration-dependent manner. SIRT1 inhibition by SIRT1 siRNA abolished the anti-aging effect of apigenin. In addition, CD38 inhibition by CD38 siRNA or apigenin increased the SIRT1 level and reduced H2O2-induced senescence. Our findings suggest that apigenin is a promising phytochemical for reducing the impact of senescent cells in age-related lung diseases such as COPD.

scholarly journals A Review of the Impact of Alterations in Gut Microbiome on the Immunopathogenesis of Ocular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 4694
Author(s):  
Yashan Bu ◽  
Yau-Kei Chan ◽  
Ho-Lam Wong ◽  
Stephanie Hiu-Ling Poon ◽  
Amy Cheuk-Yin Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ophthalmic Disease

Recent studies have highlighted the association between ocular diseases and microbiota profiles of the host intestinal tract and oral cavity. There is mounting evidence supporting the existence of a ‘gut–eye axis’, whereby changes in gut microbiome alter host immunity, with consequential implications for ocular health and disease. In this review, we examined recent published findings on the association between gut microbiome and ocular morbidity, based on 25 original articles published between 2011 to 2020. The review included both clinical and in vivo animal studies, with particular focus on the influence of the microbiome on host immunity and metabolism. Significant associations between altered intestinal microbiome and specific ocular diseases and pathological processes, including Behçet’s syndrome, autoimmune uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, bacterial keratitis, and Sjögren-like lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis have been demonstrated. Furthermore, alterations in the gut microbiome resulted in quantifiable changes in the host immune response, suggesting immunopathogenesis as the basis for the link between intestinal dysbiosis and ocular disease. We also examined and compared different techniques used in the identification and quantification of gut microorganisms. With our enhanced understanding of the potential role of gut commensals in ophthalmic disease, the stage is set for further studies on the underlying mechanisms linking the gut microbiome, the host immune response, and the pathogenesis of ophthalmic disease.

scholarly journals Varying Protein Levels Influence Metabolomics and the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Adult Dogs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Eden Ephraim ◽  
Chun-Yen Cochrane ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Urine Metabolites ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The optimal ranges of protein for healthy adult dogs are not known. This study evaluated the impact of long-term consumption of foods containing low, medium, and high levels of protein on serum, urine, and fecal metabolites, and gut microbiome in beagles. Following maintenance on a prefeed food for 14 days, dogs (15 neutered males, 15 spayed females, aged 2–9 years, mean initial weight 11.3 kg) consumed the low (18.99%, dry matter basis), medium (25.34%), or high (45.77%) protein foods, each for 90 days, in a William’s Latin Square Design sequence. In serum and/or urine, metabolites associated with inflammation (9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (DiHOME)), 12,13-DiHOME) and kidney dysfunction (urea, 5-hydroxyindole sulfate, 7-hydroxyindole sulfate, p-cresol sulfate) increased with higher protein levels in food, while one-carbon pathway metabolites (betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine) decreased. Fecal pH increased with protein consumed, and levels of beneficial indoles and short-chain fatty acids decreased while branched-chain fatty acids increased. Beta diversity of the fecal microbiome was significantly different, with increased abundances of proteolytic bacteria with higher protein food. Feeding dogs a high amount of protein leads to a shift to proteolytic gut bacteria, higher fecal pH, and is associated with increased levels of metabolites linked with inflammation and kidney dysfunction.

scholarly journals Anti-Aging Effects of Calorie Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Based on the Senoinflammation Concept

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
EunJin Bang ◽  
Hee Jin Jung ◽  
Sang Gyun Noh ◽  
Byung Pal Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Concept

Chronic inflammation, a pervasive feature of the aging process, is defined by a continuous, multifarious, low-grade inflammatory response. It is a sustained and systemic phenomenon that aggravates aging and can lead to age-related chronic diseases. In recent years, our understanding of age-related chronic inflammation has advanced through a large number of investigations on aging and calorie restriction (CR). A broader view of age-related inflammation is the concept of senoinflammation, which has an outlook beyond the traditional view, as proposed in our previous work. In this review, we discuss the effects of CR on multiple phases of proinflammatory networks and inflammatory signaling pathways to elucidate the basic mechanism underlying aging. Based on studies on senoinflammation and CR, we recognized that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which mainly comprises cytokines and chemokines, was significantly increased during aging, whereas it was suppressed during CR. Further, we recognized that cellular metabolic pathways were also dysregulated in aging; however, CR mimetics reversed these effects. These results further support and enhance our understanding of the novel concept of senoinflammation, which is related to the metabolic changes that occur in the aging process. Furthermore, a thorough elucidation of the effect of CR on senoinflammation will reveal key insights and allow possible interventions in aging mechanisms, thus contributing to the development of new therapies focused on improving health and longevity.

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