scholarly journals A New Tool for Airborne Gravimetry Survey Simulation

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Sampietro ◽  
Ahmed Mansi ◽  
Martina Capponi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Airborne Gravimetry ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Observation Noise ◽  
Airborne Survey

Airborne gravimetry represents nowadays probably the most efficient technique to collect gravity observations close to the Earth’s surface. In the 1990s, thanks to the development of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which has made accurate navigational data available, this technique started to spread worldwide because of its capability to provide measurements in a fast and cost-effective way. Differently from other techniques such as shipborne gravimetry, it has the advantage to provide gravity measurements also in challenging environments which can be difficult to access otherwise, like mountainous areas, rain forests and polar regions. For such reasons, airborne gravimetry is used for various applications related to the regional gravity field modelling: from the computation of high accurate local geoid for geodetic applications to geophysical ones, specifically related to oil and gas exploration activities or more in general for regional geological studies. Depending on the different kinds of application and the final required accuracy, the definition of the main characteristics of the airborne survey, e.g., the planar distance between consecutive flight tracks, the aircraft velocity, etc., can be a difficult task. In this work, we present a new software package, which would help in properly accomplishing the survey design task. Basically, the developed software solution allows for generating a realistic (from the observation noise point of view) gravimetric signal, and, after that, to predict the accuracy and spatial resolution of the final retrievable gravimetric field, in terms of gravity disturbances, given the flight main characteristics. The proposed procedure is suited for airborne survey planning in order to be able to optimize the design of the survey according to the required final accuracy. With the aim to evaluate the influence of the various survey parameters on the expected accuracy of the airborne survey, different numerical tests have been performed on simulated and real datasets. For instance, it has been shown that if the observation noise is not properly modeled in the data filtering step, the survey results degrade about 25%, while not acquiring control lines during the survey will basically reduce the final accuracy by a factor of two.

Risk reduction through advanced leak management

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Silvio Stojic ◽  
Antoine Hanekom ◽  
Russell Colman
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Leak Management ◽  
Component Failures

Leaks of hydrocarbon to the atmosphere can be a major facility safety risk and personnel occupational health and safety (OHS) risk for oil and gas producing and processing facilities. Normally closed valves that pass or leak in-line are also a major contributor to product loss and facility risk. Component failures of these types have two common and challenging features: they are hard to find among the tens of thousands of potential leak sources, and the leakage rates either to the atmosphere or in-line can vary from minor to potentially catastrophic. In the past seven to eight years, advanced methods for finding and managing leaks resulting from poor component integrity have been developed. This paper covers some of ATMECO’s accumulated knowledge developed over many leak surveys of both onshore and offshore oil and gas facilities. Typical statistical profiles of leaks from uncontrolled facilities are presented. The types of component failure that lead to leaks are discussed along with probabilistic analyses relating to the next likely failure. Technologies of leak detection are reviewed, highlighting benefits and problems. Also discussed are the prerequisite data capture and management systems needed for a competent, robust and auditable system to manage component integrity. Gas imaging technology is becoming one of the core hydrocarbon leak detection tools and also assists greatly in the analyses of leaks and in providing valuable input to remedial actions. Survey design requirements for continuing and cost-effective component leak risk management are reviewed. Recommendations are provided about the preferred methods and management structures for programs designed to minimise component integrity risks.

scholarly journals The Optimal Location of Ground-Based GNSS Augmentation Transceivers

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Rapinski ◽  
Artur Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Wide Band ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Selection Of

Modern Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow for positioning with accuracies ranging from tens of meters to single millimeters depending on user requirements and available equipment. A major disadvantage of these systems is their unavailability or limited availability when the sky is obstructed. One solution is to use additional range measurements from ground-based nodes located in the vicinity of the receiver. The highest accuracy of distance measurement can be achieved using ultra wide band (UWB) or ZigBee phase shift measurement. The position of the additional transmitter must be carefully selected in order to obtain the optimal improvement in the dilution of precision (DOP), which reflects the improvement in the geometry of solution. The presented case study depicts a method for selecting the optimal location of a ground-based ranging source. It is based on a search of a minimum DOP value as a transmitter location function. The parameters of objective function are the elevation and azimuth of the transceiver. The solution was based on a limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno with Box constraints (L-BFGS-B) method and a numerical optimization algorithm for parameter value estimation. The presented approach allows for the selection of the optimal location of a ground-based source of ranging signals in GNSS processing from a geometry of solution point of view. This can be useful at the design stage of an augmentation network of ground-based transceivers. This article presents a theoretical basis and a case study presenting the selection of the optimal location of a ground-based ranging source.

Efficiency of Using GNSS-PPP for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Abdallah ◽  
Amgad Saifeldin ◽  
Abdelhamid Abomariam ◽  
Reda Ali
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Kinematic Ppp ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

AbstractIn the developing countries, cost-effective observation techniques are very important for earthwork estimation, map production, geographic information systems, and hydrographic surveying. One of the most cost-effective techniques is Precise Point Positioning (PPP); it is a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning technique to compute precise positions using only a single GNSS receiver. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using Global Positioning System (GPS) and GPS/ Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) post-processed kinematic PPP solution for digital elevation model (DEM) production, which is used in earthwork estimation. For this purpose, a kinematic trajectory has been observed in New Aswan City in an open sky area using dual-frequency GNSS receivers. The results showed that, in case of using GPS/GLONASS PPP solution to estimate volumes, the error in earthwork volume estimation varies between 0.07% and 0.16% according to gridding level. On the other hand, the error in volume estimation from GPS PPP solution varies between 0.40% and 0.99%.

Improved Retrieval Methods for Sentinel-3 SAR Altimetry over Coastal and Open Ocean and recommendations for implementation: ESA SCOOP Project Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cotton ◽  
Thomas Moreau ◽  
Mònica Roca ◽  
Christine Gommenginger ◽  
Mathilde Cancet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
Satellite Systems

<p>SCOOP (SAR Altimetry Coastal & Open Ocean Performance) is a project funded under the ESA SEOM (Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions) Programme Element, to characterise the expected performance of Sentinel-3 SRAL SAR mode altimeter products, and then to develop and evaluate enhancements to the baseline processing scheme in terms of improvements to ocean measurements. Another objective is to develop and evaluate an improved Wet Troposphere correction for Sentinel-3.</p><p>The SCOOP studies are based on two 2-year test data sets derived from CryoSat-2 FBR data, produced for 10 regions. The first Test Data Set was processed with algorithms equivalent to the Sentinel-3 baseline, and the second with algorithms expected to provide an improved performance.</p><p>We present results from the SCOOP project that demonstrate the excellent performance of SRAL at the coast in terms of measurement precision, with noise in Sea Surface Height 20Hz measurements of less than 5cm to within 5km of the coast.</p><p>We then report the development and testing of new processing approaches designed to improve performance, including, for L1B to L2:</p><ul><li>Application of zero-padding</li> <li>Application of intra-burst Hamming windowing</li> <li>Exact beam forming in the azimuthal direction</li> <li>Restriction of stack processing to within a specified range of look angles.</li> <li>Along-track antenna compensation</li> </ul><p> </p><p>And for L1B to L2</p><ul><li>Application of alternative re-trackers for SAR and RDSAR.</li> </ul><p> </p><p>Based on the results of this assessment, a second test data set was generated and we present an assessment of the performance of this second Test Data Set generated, and compare it to that of the original Test Data Set.</p><p>Regarding the WTC for Sentinel-3A, the correction from the on-board MWR has been assessed by means of comparison with independent data sets such as the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI), Jason-2, Jason-3 and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) derived WTC at coastal stations. GNSS-derived path Delay Plus (GPD+) corrections have been derived for S3A. Results indicate good overall performance of S3A MWR and GPD+ WTC improvements over MWR-derived WTC, particularly in coastal and polar regions.</p><p> </p><p>Based on the outcomes of this study we provide recommendations for improving SAR mode altimeter processing and priorities for future research.</p>

scholarly journals A Regional Space Segment Health Monitor for Local GPS Integrity Monitoring

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Milner ◽  
Washington Ochieng ◽  
Wolfgang Schuster ◽  
Marco Porretta ◽  
Charles Curry
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Road User ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Integrity Monitoring ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Space Segment

The benefits of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and in particular GPS have been demonstrated worldwide, and continue to accrue in the form of new applications. Today, some mission critical applications (largely driven by safety) mostly in aviation and to a lesser extent maritime, rely on a number of techniques for the provision of integrity monitoring services. However, for many applications such as those associated with the emergency services, road user charging and personal navigation devices, no such monitoring exists and service validation is limited due to technical and cost constraints. The problem is exacerbated by a recent increase in more challenging problems, particularly in the security industry, in which jamming devices have been used to disrupt the use of GPS. This paper presents a new approach for a cost effective local solution to the problems above, at the individual user level, by providing the user with information on Quality of Service (QoS). The approach is based on the deployment of a single or network of probes supported by an existing regional network. The probes communicate with a central server and are designed to detect localised events whilst the regional network isolates space segment anomalies. The latter is addressed in detail in this paper in terms of design methodology and performance, using the Ordnance Survey's UK GNSS network.

Accuracy assessment of relative and precise point positioning online GPS processing services

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El Shouny ◽  
Yehia Miky
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Relative Positioning ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Positioning Technique ◽  
Time Required

AbstractOver the last few years, several institutions, research centers, and organizations have developed different strategies for GPS data processing and analysis to obtain high accurate coordinates. They are taking into considerations overcoming restrictions and limitations such as necessity of using relative positioning, time consuming, and high cost of different processing software. One of these developed strategies is the web–based online GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) processing service which estimates coordinates with centimeter or decimeter level accuracy. This study aims to represent the most popular of these services, namely AUSPOS, OPUS, APPS, GAPS, Trimble RTX, and CSRS–PPP, also to perform in-between comparison of these services with respect to their achieved accuracy using field observations with different durations. The obtained results were compared with a real field data measured using traditional relative positioning technique with high accuracy standards. The set of data used in this study was performed in the Eastern zone in Egypt. The results of this comparison indicate that these services can be used as an alternative method for relative positioning technique due to their simplicity, cost-effective and saving in time. They saved about 75 % from the time required for traditional method to produce coordinate with reasonable accuracy. The maximum standard deviation obtained was 15.4 cm from APPS service with time less than two hours, while the minimum standard deviation was 0.07 cm and obtained from CSRS–PPP with time duration from 6 to 12 hours. For achieving more accurate results, it is recommended to use time duration more than two hours.

scholarly journals Feasibility of precise navigation in high and low latitude regions under scintillation conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. A05 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Juan ◽  
Jaume Sanz ◽  
Guillermo González-Casado ◽  
Adrià Rovira-Garcia ◽  
Adriano Camps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Cycle Slips ◽  
Main Effects

Scintillation is one of the most challenging problems in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) navigation. This phenomenon appears when the radio signal passes through ionospheric irregularities. These irregularities represent rapid changes on the refraction index and, depending on their size, they can produce also diffractive effects affecting the signal amplitude and, eventually producing cycle slips. In this work, we show that the scintillation effects on the GNSS signal are quite different in low and high latitudes. For low latitude receivers, the main effects, from the point of view of precise navigation, are the increase of the carrier phase noise (measured by σϕ) and the fade on the signal intensity (measured by S4) that can produce cycle slips in the GNSS signal. With several examples, we show that the detection of these cycle slips is the most challenging problem for precise navigation, in such a way that, if these cycle slips are detected, precise navigation can be achieved in these regions under scintillation conditions. For high-latitude receivers the situation differs. In this region the size of the irregularities is typically larger than the Fresnel length, so the main effects are related with the fast change on the refractive index associated to the fast movement of the irregularities (which can reach velocities up to several km/s). Consequently, the main effect on the GNSS signals is a fast fluctuation of the carrier phase (large σϕ), but with a moderate fade in the amplitude (moderate S4). Therefore, as shown through several examples, fluctuations at high-latitude usually do not produce cycle slips, being the effect quite limited on the ionosphere-free combination and, in general, precise navigation can be achieved also during strong scintillation conditions.

scholarly journals Labicom Labs 2015: Remote Laser Virtual and Remote Lab, Global Navigation Satellite Systems Virtual and Remote Lab, Microwave Amplifier Remote Lab

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Titov ◽  
Alexander Glotov ◽  
Igor Vlasov ◽  
Jakov Mikolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Remote Lab ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Client Side

This paper briefly describes a few remote and virtual laboratories from BMSTU and Labicom at Labicom platform in 2015. Client side of the distributed network applications is shown. Main features and characteristic important from the point of view of remote lab design are discussed.

scholarly journals Damage Compensation for Indigenous Peoples in the Conditions of Industrial Development of Territories on the Example of the Arctic Zone of the Sakha Republic

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burtseva Evdokia ◽  
Bysyina Anna
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North

In the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, hereinafter SR, the Arctic zones are the original habitat of indigenous peoples, who can conduct economic activities only in undisturbed or lightly disturbed lands. From this point of view, the problem of compensation for losses of indigenous peoples as a result of industrial development of territories is of particular relevance. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the main problems of indemnification of losses of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North (ISNPN) during the industrial development of the traditional natural resource management territories (TNRMT). The study was conducted using historical, geographical, analytical, synthetic, and statistical methods. In the Arctic zone, the diamond mining, gold mining, and coal mining industrial facilities are located inside TNRM areas. In the near future, it is planned to revive the tin industry, develop oil and gas fields on the continental Arctic shelf, and develop the Tomtor Complex Rare-Earth Deposit. In 2010, a law of the SR was passed: “On Ethnological Expertise in the Places of Traditional Residence and Traditional Economic Activities of the Peoples of the SR”. To date, in the ethnological examination of SR, we have investigated 13 investment business projects. In the course of the investigation, it turned out that most of the comments from both experts and tribal communities concern the section of compensation for damages. The official methodology developed on materials from the polar regions of the western part of Russia cannot be extrapolated to the entire territory of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. It is necessary to develop regional methods for calculating losses of indigenous peoples, which regulate the interaction of subsoil users with the authorities and representatives of the clan communities engaged in traditional crafts.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Hardware Configurations for 2D SLAM Techniques Based on Google Cartographer Use Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Sobczak ◽  
Katarzyna Filus ◽  
Joanna Domańska ◽  
Adam Domański
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract One of the most challenging topics in Robotics is Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in the indoor environments. Due to the fact that Global Navigation Satellite Systems cannot be successfully used in such environments, different data sources are used for this purpose, among others LiDARs (Light Detection and Ranging), which have advanced from numerous other technologies. Other embedded sensors can be used along with LiDARs to improve SLAM accuracy, e.g. the ones available in the Inertial Measurement Units and wheel odometry sensors. Evaluation of different SLAM algorithms and possible hardware configurations in real environments is time consuming and expensive. For that reason, in this paper we evaluate the performance of different hardware configuration used with Google Cartographer SLAM algorithms in simulation framework proposed in 1. Our use case is an actual robot used for room decontamination. The results show that for our robot the best hardware configuration consists of three LiDARs 2D, IMU and wheel odometry sensors. The proposed simulation-based methodology is a cost-effective alternative to real-world evaluation. It allows easy automation and provides access to precise ground truth. It is especially beneficial in the early stages of product design and to reduce the number of necessary real-life tests and hardware configurations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document