scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution and Stable Isotopic Signatures in Hard Rock Aquifers of Krishnagiri District, South India

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manikandan ◽  
S. Chidambaram ◽  
M. V. Prasanna ◽  
Rakesh Roshan Ganayat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Hard Rock Aquifers

The area chosen for study, Krishnagiri district, has a hard rock terrain and the aquifers located there are sparsely recharged by limited rainfall. The study area has a complex geology with hard rock aquifers. To have an overall view of the trace metals concentration in the groundwater of the study area, 39 groundwater samples were collected during Post Monsoon (POM) representing various lithologies. pH, EC, TDS, major ions and 22 heavy metals were analyzed for all the samples. Ca-Cl is the dominant water facies in the groundwater, which indicates the dissolution of ions by local precipitation. The analysis shows the dominance of trace metal levels in groundwater as follows: Zn > Ba > Sr > Fe > Al > B > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > V > Li > Rb > Cr > Mo > Se > As > Co > Cd > Ag > Sb > Be. The pollution indices, namely the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) were calculated to assess the drinking and agriculture water usage. The pollution indices show that 2% of samples are polluted with respect to HPI and 3% with respect to the degree of contamination. The heavy metals (Al-Cr-Mn-Fe-Ni-Co-Zn-Ba-Pb) in groundwater show significant correlations with these indices, suggesting that they are affected by weathering of rock matrix with less anthropogenic impact. Stable isotopes (Oxygen and Hydrogen) were analyzed to identify the possible recharge mechanisms in the groundwater. It has been identified that recharge is mainly due to the local precipitation, which is the result of release metals in the groundwater through weathering.

Heavy metals in coal mine groundwater responding to mining activity: concentration, temporal variation and speciation

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
He-rong Gui ◽  
Man-li Lin ◽  
Wei-hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Limestone Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Representative Samples

Six groundwater samples were collected from four aquifers in Renlou coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China, and concentration, temporal variation and speciation of five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were analyzed. The results of physicochemical parameters and major ions showed that the selected groundwater were representative samples of Quaternary aquifer (QA), coal measure aquifer (CA), Taiyuan limestone aquifer (TA) and Ordovician limestone aquifer (OA). Cr, Ni and Zn increased in the four aquifers from 2002 to 2014, but Pb decreased from 2006 to 2014. Cu concentration increased in QA and TA, but decreased in CA and OA. Although all monitoring results met the standards recommended by WHO and GB5749-2006, Cr and Cu in some groundwater samples exceeded GB/T 14848-93, especially in CA. Soluble metallic hydroxides were the dominant species of heavy metals in QA, while free ions were the main species in TA and OA. Excepted Ni2+ and Zn2+, CuCO3(aq) and PbCO3(aq) were the dominant species of Cu and Pb in CA, respectively, indicating more CO2 had been flooded and dissolved in groundwater from ground atmospheric environment. The enhanced concentration and special dominant species of heavy metals revealed that the ‘closed’ characteristics of CA in Renlou coal mine might have been broken due to coal mining activity.

scholarly journals Assessing Soil Metal Levels in an Industrial Environment of Northwestern China and the Phytoremediation Potential of Its Native Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Changxiao Li ◽  
Xilu Ni ◽  
Wenchao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Metal Levels

Various industrial activities contribute heavy metals to terrestrial ecosystems. In order to evaluate the soil quality of industrial areas and to identify the potential phytoremediator from the native plant species, we collected 45 surface soil samples and 21 plant species in a typical industrial area of northwestern China. The results showed that the average values of the Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the soils were 36.91, 1.67, 7.20, 1.38, 1.27, and 6.66 times, respectively, compared with the corresponding background values. The average single factor pollution index for heavy metals decreased in the order of Cd > As > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb. The study area was seriously polluted by Cd and As, slightly polluted by Zn, and had relatively little contamination by Cr, Pb, and Cu. In terms of the average Nemerow synthetic pollution index in every sampling site, 97.78% of the samples were seriously polluted and 2.22% of the samples were moderately polluted, which indicated that almost all of the samples in the industrial area were seriously polluted. The results of the biomass, heavy metal concentrations, bioconcentration factors (BCF), and translocation factors (TF) for the native plants showed that Achnatherum splendens for metal Cr presented a phytostabilization potential, Artemisia scoparia and Echinochloa crusgalli for metal Cu and Halogeton arachnoideus for metal Zn presented a phytoextraction potential, and all of the studied plants were limited as phytoremediators for Cd or Pb contaminated soil.

scholarly journals The effect of human activities on the pollution of water in southwest Giza area, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed M. Abu El Ella ◽  
Ahmed A. Elnazer ◽  
Salman A. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Southwest Giza area is one of the most complicated regions in Egypt because of the combination of agricultural, industrial and urbanization activities with few studies about water resources contamination with heavy metals. In this study, ten surface water samples and eight groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pollution with Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. The samples were collected randomly according to the topographic locations and accessibility. The surface water is suitable for both drinking and irrigation use according to its salinity (total dissolved solids, TDS < 500 mg/l) and content of major ions. Unfortunately, some samples contain concentrations of As, Cd, Cu and Pb higher than the WHO drinking water guidelines. The groundwater samples have TDS ranging from 204 to 2,100 mg/l. Also, the groundwater contains higher concentrations of Fe, Mn and As than surface water. The highest concentrations of heavy metals As, Cd and Pb were recorded in the desert fringes and close to the industrial complexes indicating the role of geological sediments in the transportation and migration of pollutants. The unconfined part of the Quaternary aquifer in the desert fringes is more vulnerable to contamination. The results of this study reflect the role of human and industrial activates in polluting water resources with heavy metals, which puts the aquatic environment in the study area under stress.

scholarly journals Application of Pollution Indices for Evaluation of Long-Term Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Lake Modrac in Bosnia and Hercegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusreta Djonlagic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Geo Accumulation

In this study the results of a 15-year long monitoring survey on heavy metals in water at Lake Modrac were assessed using pollution indices of heavy metals, such as Heavy metal pollution index HPI, Heavy metal evaluation index HEI and the Degree of contamination CD. The results of the survey on heavy metal pollution of sediment conducted in 2015 were used as input data for the following pollution indices: Concentration factor , Pollution load index PLI, Enrichment factor EF, Index of geo-accumulation Igeo, Ecological risk factor , Potential ecological risk index to the water-body, RI. The results showed a good correlation and the lake sediment was characterized as polluted. Enrichment factors and indices of geo-accumulation of heavy metals were indicated as very high enriched in the sediment, and have been identified as an anthropogenic source of pollution. Cumulative presence in the sediment is assessed through the pollution index, RI, and has been assessed as moderate ecological risk to the lake water-body. The application of pollution indices presents a valuable tool in assessing the long-term pollution status of Lake Modrac.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Soil and Vegetables in Some Farms Around Mining Sites in Mangu Local Government Area Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nanven D Nimyel ◽  
Elizabeth S. Chundusu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Slight Contamination

When the mining process is not properly controlled, it can be a source of heavy metals pollution in the environment. The uptake of these heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables can be a direct source of the metals into the human food chain. This study assessed the concentrations of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in soil and vegetables obtained from nine (9) farms around mining sites in Mangu LGA. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and vegetables were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed the concentrations of the heavy metals at the farms to be within the recommended maximum levels of world soils but were higher than their respective controls. This implies that the artisanal mining contributed to the increased values of these heavy metals in the environment. Also, the mean concentrations of the heavy metals at Mangu Halle mining site decreased in the order Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd whereas at Alogwom it decreased in the order Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd. The enrichment factor (EF) of the elements showed deficiency to minimum enrichment for all the heavy metals whereas the pollution index (PI) of the metals indicated very slight contamination to moderate pollution. The results of the heavy metals in the vegetables showed that the bioaccumulation of the metals followed a pattern: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. Levels of Cd, Pb and Ni in the vegetables were observed to be higher than the recommended limit for vegetables whereas Cu, Cr and Zn exhibited lower values than recommended standards. Thus, their consumption might pose health risk to consumers and therefore there is the need for proper monitoring of the illegal mining activities to reduce health risk and the extent of heavy metals contamination.

scholarly journals GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the outlet and central parts of Wadi El-Assiuti, Assiut Governorate, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa A. Megahed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract Background The limited water resources in arid environments in addition to the effect of agricultural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quantity and quality necessitate paying more attention to the quality assessment of these resources. The present studies assess the quality of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti, south Egypt, and evaluate their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. To achieve this goal, 159 groundwater samples were collected from the outlet and central parts of the Wadi El-Assiuti during the autumn season (October–November) of 2019 and were analyzed for major ions, trace elements and heavy metals. Results The results indicate that the TDS values range between 1972 and 6217 ppm, while the concentration of trace elements (Fe++, Mn++ and Ni+) ranges between 0.05 and 0.46, 0.11 and 0.221 and 0.01 and 0.6 ppm, respectively. These results show that all groundwater samples are clearly unacceptable and inappropriate for human drinking due to their high content of total dissolved solids, trace elements and heavy metals, particularly in the majority of samples according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the Egyptian standards (Eg. St. 2007) for drinking water quality. Spatial analysis of the TDS values in geographic information system environment indicates that the salinity is higher in the northeast and gradually decreases southward. Sodium adsorption ratio, US Salinity Laboratory classification (1954), residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage and permeability index show that most groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. Conclusions The integrated approach provided in this study highlights the spatially distributed suitability of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti and can be applied in similar basins worldwide.

scholarly journals Geo-Temporal Signatures of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Khulais Region—Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yawar Ali Khan ◽  
Mohamed El Kashouty ◽  
Waleed Gusti ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Ali Mohammad Subyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
High Concentrations

Seawater has intruded into many of Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coastal aquifers, with varying degrees of extension depending on location, hydrogeology, and population density. This study aimed to evaluate and comprehend the processes that influence the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the coastal aquifer in Saudi Arabia’s Khulais region. Groundwater samples were taken from nineteen locations during the winter and summer of 2021, and data from major ions and trace elements were examined and interpreted using ArcGIS software. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranged between 480 and 15,236 mg/L and 887–18,620 mg/L in winter and summer, respectively. Groundwater TDS concentration was observed to be influenced by groundwater flow, lithogenic, anthropogenic, and seawater intrusion in this study (2021) when compared to 2016. The concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and strontium (Sr) in most samples exceeds the drinking guidelines. The occurrence of high concentrations of bromide (Br), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe) (winter and summer) and Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) (winter) was also exhibited and observed up to more than drinking and irrigation limits. The central part of the study area was affected by seawater intrusion. The hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil was measured, and it ranged from 0.24 to 29.3 m/day. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio, most aquifer samples were unsuitable for irrigation (SAR).

Heavy metals in shallow groundwater of the urban area in Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Sun ◽  
Weihua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The City

Urbanization and related human activities have brought bad effects to the environment, especially shallow groundwater systems in urban areas. In this study, sixty-three shallow groundwater samples in the urban area of Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of eight heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni). The results indicate that some of the heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd and Fe) are present below the international drinking water standards but more than half of the sources sampled do not meet the requirements for Mn, Cu and Pb. Quality assessment suggests that all of the samples have heavy metal pollution indices (HPI) lower than 100, implying that they can be used for drinking directly. However, the degrees of contamination (Cd) observed suggest that about one third of the samples are classified as heavily polluted. Heavy densities of population and traffic in the old quarter of the city are considered responsible for the pollution of the groundwater system in the city. Moreover, Cd, Pb, Ni and Mn are identified as metals affected by human activities, whereas Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr are considered to originate from the natural environment, based on the comparison of spatial distributions of HPI, Cd and heavy metal concentrations, as well as factor analysis.

scholarly journals Contamination and Pollution Studies of Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
I.L. Ikoko ◽  
C.I. Osu ◽  
M. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The contamination and pollution level of five Heavy Metals in spent Sand Filter Media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated to ascertain the contamination, pollution and possible migration in that environment. Samples were collected at the surface, 0.1m depth and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) for concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb ions. Geochemical Pollution Indices were used to evaluate the contamination and pollution level of the HMs comparatively using the world shale average values and the experimental control value. Results obtained showed highest concentration of 12.50mg/kg for Fe and lowest detectable concentration of 0.2mg/kg for Ni at the top of the dumpsite. All five heavy metals had low concentrations compared to WHO and national standards for soil qualityboth at the top and 0.1m depth of the dumpsite. Percentage concentrations of the heavy metals at the top showed 78.81, 12.04, 7.88, 1.26% in the order Fe >>> Cr > Mn > Ni > Pb with the values of Ni and Cr at 0.1m depth slightly higher indicating some level of migration. Contamination Factor Cf, depicts very severe contamination to slight pollution at the top with minimum of 0.714 and maximum of 1.471. Degree of Contamination Cd, of <8 and Modified Degree of Contamination mCd <1.5 showed low contamination. The pollution load index, PLI values of < 50 depicts that no drastic rectification measure was needed which concludes that the SFM dumpsite was contaminated but technically not polluted. Keywords: Surface mobility, Yenagoa, heavy metal contamination, Pollution indices, Bayelsa State

Heavy metal pollution assessment and its indexing approach for drinking water around inactive mine sites, Southwestern region of Cuddapah Basin, South India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudharshan Reddy Yenugu ◽  
Sunitha Vangala ◽  
Suvarna Badri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Cuddapah Basin ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Abstract Hazardous compounds in aquifers, especially potentially toxic heavy metals, are a major environmental and socioeconomic problem around the world. Hence, the study is intense to quantify, for the first time, the pollution status and ecological risk of heavy metals around inactive mining sites in the Southwestern (SW) region of Cuddapah Basin. Ten heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) were investigated for a total of 50 groundwater samples of this study. The findings of the study revealed that arsenic (0-60.5 and o.56.3 µg/L), cadmium (0-28.1 and 0.31.1 µg/L), nickel (0-110.2 and 0–99 µg/L)), lead (0-175.6 and 0-92.3), Strontium (0-1150 and 0-1440 µg/L) concentrations are above the acceptable levels in both pre and post – monsoon seasons. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evolution Index (HEI) and Degree of contamination (DOC) are applied to assess hazardous metal pollution in drinking water of this area. According to HPI values 17.5 % and 10% of samples fall under high pollution index; as per the classes of HEI, 95 % and 100% of samples fall under low pollution class during the pre and post-monsoon season. According to DOC, all groundwater samples fall in a low zone. As per ecological risk classification, 90% of the samples cause extreme high ecological risk in pre & post-monsoon season in the study area.

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