scholarly journals Photoinactivation of Staphylococci with 405 nm Light in a Trachea Model with Saliva Substitute at 37 °C

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Tobias Meurle ◽  
Johannes Knaus ◽  
Agustin Barbano ◽  
Katharina Hoenes ◽  
Barbara Spellerberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Staphylococcus Carnosus ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Eskape Pathogens ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The globally observed rise in bacterial resistance against antibiotics has increased the need for alternatives to antibiotic treatments. The most prominent and important pathogen bacteria are the ESKAPE pathogens, which include among others Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. These species cause ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which accounts for 24% of all nosocomial infections. In this study we tested the efficacy of photoinactivation with 405 nm violet light under conditions comparable to an intubated patient with artificial saliva for bacterial suspension at 37 °C. A technical trachea model was developed to investigate the visible light photoinactivation of Staphylococcus carnosus as a non-pathogen surrogate of the ESKAPE pathogen S. aureus (MRSA). The violet light was coupled into the tube with a fiber optic setup. The performed tests proved, that photoinactivation at 37 °C is more effective with a reduction of almost 3 log levels (99.8%) compared to 25 °C with a reduction of 1.2 log levels. The substitution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by artificial saliva solution slightly increased the efficiency during the experimental course. The increased efficiency might be caused by a less favorable environment for bacteria due to for example the ionic composition.

scholarly journals Avoiding ventilator-associated pneumonia: Curcumin-functionalized endotracheal tube and photodynamic action

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22967-22973
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Zangirolami ◽  
Lucas D. Dias ◽  
Kate C. Blanco ◽  
Carolina S. Vinagreiro ◽  
Natalia M. Inada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital-acquired infections are a global health problem that threatens patients’ treatment in intensive care units, causing thousands of deaths and a considerable increase in hospitalization costs. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is a medical device placed in the patient’s trachea to assist breathing and delivering oxygen into the lungs. However, bacterial biofilms forming at the surface of the ETT and the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria are considered the primary causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe hospital-acquired infection for significant mortality. Under these circumstances, there has been a need to administrate antibiotics together. Although necessary, it has led to a rapid increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop alternatives to prevent and combat these bacterial infections. One possibility is to turn the ETT itself into a bactericide. Some examples reported in the literature present drawbacks. To overcome those issues, we have designed a photosensitizer-containing ETT to be used in photodynamic inactivation (PDI) to avoid bacteria biofilm formation and prevent VAP occurrence during tracheal intubation. This work describes ETT’s functionalization with curcumin photosensitizer, as well as its evaluation in PDI against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. A significant photoinactivation (up to 95%) against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was observed when curcumin-functionalized endotracheal (ETT-curc) was used. These remarkable results demonstrate this strategy’s potential to combat hospital-acquired infections and contribute to fighting antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Wine in Relation to Bacterial Resistance to Medicinal Antibiotics

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Mladen Boban ◽  
Nataša Boban ◽  
Marija Tonkić ◽  
Mia Grga ◽  
Ana Marija Milat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Time Kill

Although antimicrobial properties of wine have been extensively studied, antimicrobial effects of wine in relation to bacterial resistance to medicinal antibiotics have not been examined. Therefore, our aim was to determine whether bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be related to their resistance to red wine as an unspecific antimicrobial medium. The organisms studied were Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and two clinical isolates which exhibited different resistance to antibiotics, ESBL - producing Escherichia coli UR 3612 and Salmonella enteritidis KK 962. The time-kill curves method was used. The minimal incubation time of the bacterial suspension with wine, necessary for prevention of bacterial growth, was 3 and 20 min for E. coli ATCC and ESBL E. coli respectively. This was associated with susceptibility testing in which E. coli ATCC proved highly sensitive in contrast to ESBL-producing E. coli, which exhibited resistance to a spectrum of antimicrobial drugs of different classes regarding their principal mechanism of action. In the case of S. enteritidis strains, they were similar in their susceptibility against test antibiotics and time-kill curves following exposure to wine. Bacterial resistance to wine is closely associated with bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. The exact mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of wine are still a matter of debate. However, wine might be less susceptible to bacterial resistance development and may include mechanisms different from those of medicinal antibiotics. The present study represents an initial contribution to this important subject which has been practically unexplored.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Variasi pH Saliva terhadap Perlekatan Streptococcus mutans pada Resin Komposit Nanofil

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rahma Syarafina Maharani ◽  
Widowati Siswomiharjdo ◽  
Siti Sunarintyas
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Composite Resin Restorations ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Colony Counter

Nanofilled composite resin restorations are in contact with saliva.Salivary pH affect the hydrolysis process and produce a surface roughness.S.mutansadhesion occur in a rough area of the oral cavity.The aim was to determine the effect of variations in salivary pHonS.mutansadhesion to nanofilled composite resin.Nanofilled composite resin(Filtex Z350XT-3M ESPE)5mm diameter and 2mm thick(N=12)were divided into three groups(n=4)and immersed in 5ml artificial saliva pH 3.5, pH 7, pH 8, incubated 14 days,37°C. Samples were soaked into saliva 1 hour,37 C. Samples were put into bacterial suspension 24 hours,37°C, diluted to 10.0.1ml of the final dilution were cultured on BHI agar, incubated 48 hours,37°C. S.mutans colonies were determined using Colony Counter(CFU/ml). Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test(a=0.05) and LSD0.05. The test showed there is influence ofthe variations  in salivary pHonS.mutans adhesionto nanofilled composite  resin(p<0.05). Based on LSD0.05 test, there are significant differences between the pH 3.5 group and the pH 7; pH 8 groups, butnot between the pH 7group and the pH 8 group. Variations in salivary pH affectedS.mutansadhesion to nanofilled composite resin.The acidic pH of saliva increased the S.mutansadhesion on nanofilled composite resin compared with the neutral or alkaline.

When are combinations of antibiotics clinically useful?

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Joshua A York ◽  
Maithili Varadarajan ◽  
Gavin Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis. Prescribing antibacterial combinations may be one way of reducing the development of resistance in target pathogens, as in the treatment of tuberculosis. Combinations may be useful for ascertaining synergy, broadening antimicrobial cover to reduce the risk of non-susceptibility, antimicrobial stewardship reasons, and immune modulation. The current research literature and/or prevailing global standards of clinical care suggest that combination therapy may be advantageous in: severe community-acquired pneumonia; severe hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia or when there is a high risk of resistance in hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia; multi-drug or extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative infections; and severe group A streptococcal infections. In other situations, combinations may be harmful. Overall, outside of tuberculosis, combination antibacterial therapy is likely to improve outcomes only in specific circumstances and there is little evidence to suggest that this prevents the development of bacterial resistance. Further high-quality research is essential.

Biofilm Formation on Voice Prostheses: In vitro Influence of Probiotics

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolien H. Free ◽  
G. Jolanda Elving ◽  
Ranny van Weissenbruch ◽  
Henk J. Busscher ◽  
Henny C. vander Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Voice Prostheses ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

In order to determine the influence of probiotic bacteria on biofilm formation on Groningen and Provox 2 voice prostheses in an artificial throat, we grew biofilms on both types of voice prostheses and exposed them 3 times daily to a probiotic bacterial suspension. As a control, we perfused an artificial throat with phosphate-buffered saline solution. Perfusion with Lactococcus lactis 53 suspension reduced the percentage numbers of bacteria and yeasts, respectively, on the Groningen prostheses to 17% and 22% and on the Provox 2 prostheses to 19% and 45%, compared to the number of colony-forming units on the control prosthesis, which was set at 100%. A suspension of Streptococcus thermophilus b reduced the percentage numbers of bacteria and yeasts, respectively, on the Groningen prostheses to 53% and 33% and on the Provox 2 prostheses to 14% and 0%, as compared to the control prosthesis. All other probiotic strains tested caused some reduction in the percentages of bacteria or yeasts, but strong differences between the types of prostheses were observed. In conclusion, L lactis 53 and S thermophilus b strongly reduce the occurrence of yeasts and bacteria in voice prosthetic biofilms.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Consumption and Its Relationship with Bacterial Resistance Profiles in ESKAPE Pathogens in a Peruvian Hospital

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo ◽  
Susan Abarca-Salazar ◽  
Renata Lovón ◽  
Rocío Rojas ◽  
José Ballena-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

A descriptive design was carried out studying the correlation between antimicrobial consumption and resistance profiles of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) in a Peruvian hospital, including the surgical, clinical areas and the intensive care unit (ICU) during the time period between 2015 and 2018. There was a significant correlation between using ceftazidime and the increase of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolations (R = 0.97; p < 0.05) and the resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam in Enterobacter spp. and ciprofloxacin usage (R = 0.97; p < 0.05) in the medical wards. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a significant reduction from 2015 to 2018 (67% vs. 28.6%, 65% vs. 34.9%, p < 0.001). These findings give valuable information about the rates and dynamics in the relationship between antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a Peruvian hospital and reinforce the need for continuous support and assessment of antimicrobial stewardship strategies, including microbiological indicators and antimicrobial consumption patterns.

scholarly journals Ventilator-associated pneumonia: the influence of bacterial resistance, prescription errors, and de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy on mortality rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Souza-Oliveira ◽  
Thúlio Marquez Cunha ◽  
Liliane Barbosa da Silva Passos ◽  
Gustavo Camargo Lopes ◽  
Fabiola Alves Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Prescription Errors

scholarly journals The potency of Immunoglobulin Y anti Porphyromonas gingivalis to inhibit the adherence ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis on enterocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nova Andriani Hepitaria ◽  
Indeswati Diyatri ◽  
Markus Budi Rahardjo ◽  
Rini Devijanti Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunoglobulin Y ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Adherence Index

Background: Pophyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) bacteria are the main type of bacterium that cause chronic periodontitis. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin found in poultry, such as chickens and birds. IgY can be used as an alternative method of preventing the accumulation of plaque that causes chronic periodontitis. Purpose: To determine the ability of IgY anti P. gingivalis to inhibit adherence of P. gingivalis. Methods: The samples were divided into eight groups, each group containing 10 ml of IgY anti P. gingivalis and 50 ml of enterocyte cells. The control group contained 50 ml of IgY anti P. gingivalis, and 50 ml of enterocyte cells. Serial dilution was carried out to the first seven groups, with the first group containing 90 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 10 ml IgY anti P. gingivalis, and the second to seventh groups containing 50 ml PBS before adding 50 ml of enterocyte cells and 50 ml of bacterial suspension per group. The number of bacteria was calculated as an adherence index value using a light microscope. Results: This study shows that IgY anti P. gingivalis significantly reduces the adherence index value of P. gingivalis. Conclusion: IgY anti P. gingivalis has potency to inhibit the adherence of P. gingivalis.

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