scholarly journals Impact of Oxygen Concentration Delivered via Nasal Cannula on Different Lung Conditions: A Bench Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Hui-Yun Tseng ◽  
Shih-Hsing Yang ◽  
Han-Sun Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Nasal Cannula ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

Background: Measuring the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is challenging in spontaneously breathing patients with impaired respiratory mechanics during low-flow nasal cannula. Our study investigates the FiO2 with varied tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR) among different lung mechanics and provides equations to estimate the FiO2. Methods: Two training and test lungs were used in this study, and the three lung mechanics (normal (R5/C60), restrictive (R20/C80), obstructive (R5/C40)) were designed. Spontaneous breathing with VT (300, 500, and 700 mL) and RR (10, 20, and 30 breaths/min) was simulated. The flow rate of the nasal cannula was set to 1, 3, and 5 L per minute (LPM), and the FiO2 was measured at the carina. Results: The lowest and highest FiO2 were evident during high (700 mL) and low VT (300 mL), respectively, among normal, restrictive, and obstructive lung models. As RR increases, this decreases the FiO2. However, we found that VT and oxygen flow rate are the principal factors influencing measured FiO2 by multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the actual FiO2 is never as high in spontaneously breathing patients as that estimated. VT and oxygen flow rate had a substantial impact on the FiO2.

Nebulizers and spacers for aerosol delivery through adult nasal cannula at low oxygen flow rate: An in-vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin M. Madney ◽  
Maha Fathy ◽  
Ahmed A. Elberry ◽  
Hoda Rabea ◽  
Mohamed E.A. Abdelrahim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Nasal Cannula ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Aerosol Delivery ◽  
Low Oxygen

Assessment of the Use of Humidified Nasal Cannulas for Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Epistaxis

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Tengfang Chen ◽  
Zhenggang Lv ◽  
Dezhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nasal Cannula ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Antiplatelet Drugs ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
Significant Difference

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In China, nasal cannula oxygen therapy is typically humidified. However, it is difficult to decide whether to suspend nasal cannula oxygen inhalation after the nosebleed has temporarily stopped. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary investigation on whether the use of humidified nasal cannulas in our hospital increases the incidence of epistaxis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a survey of 176,058 inpatients in our hospital and other city branches of our hospital over the past 3 years and obtained information concerning their use of humidified nasal cannulas for oxygen inhalation, nonhumidified nasal cannulas, anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, and oxygen inhalation flow rates. This information was compared with the data collected at consultation for epistaxis during these 3 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No significant difference was found between inpatients with humidified nasal cannulas and those without nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the incidence of consultations due to epistaxis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 1.007, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). The same trend was observed among hospitalized patients using anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs (χ<sup>2</sup> = 2.082, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). Among the patients with an inhaled oxygen flow rate ≥5 L/min, the incidence of ear-nose-throat (ENT) consultations due to epistaxis was 0. No statistically significant difference was found between inpatients with a humidified oxygen inhalation flow rate &#x3c;5 L/min and those without nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the incidence of ENT consultations due to epistaxis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.838, <i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of ENT consultations due to epistaxis between the low-flow nonhumidified nasal cannula and nonnasal cannula oxygen inhalation groups (χ<sup>2</sup> = 18.428, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The same trend was observed between the 2 groups of low-flow humidified and low-flow nonhumidified nasal cannula oxygen inhalation (χ<sup>2</sup> = 26.194, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Neither high-flow humidified nasal cannula oxygen inhalation nor low-flow humidified nasal cannula oxygen inhalation will increase the incidence of recurrent or serious epistaxis complications; the same trend was observed for patients who use anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs. Humidification during low-flow nasal cannula oxygen inhalation can prevent severe and repeated epistaxis to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Do Entrepreneurial Mindset and Perceived Behavioural Control Matter Entrepreneurial Intention?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Thusy Tiara Saraswati ◽  
Aniek Indrawati ◽  
Ludi Wishnu Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Entrepreneurial Intention is a component that can explain the mindset and have a substantial impact on individual behavior. This fact indicates how hard a person's mindset is in trying and how much effort is put in so that the desired behavior can be carried out. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of an entrepreneurial mindset, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. A total of 354 students in Malang took part in this research. We used descriptive statistical analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and path analysis. The study results found that the entrepreneurial mindset and perceived behavioral control affected entrepreneurial self-efficacy—similarly, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial mindset, and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention. Our results also found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy failed to mediate the effect of the entrepreneurial mindset on entrepreneurial intention.

Effects of Reaction Conditions on Deposition of Ferrites from Alkaline Metal Hydroxide Gels

1997 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl F. Schoch ◽  
Theodore R. Vasilow
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Metal Hydroxides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Mg Content

ABSTRACTFormation of ferrites from aqueous solution of metal salts is a well known process involving precipitation of metal hydroxides followed by oxidation of the resulting gel. The purpose of the present work was to determine the effects oxygen flow rate on the progress of the reaction and on the structure and properties of the resulting precipitate. The reaction was carried out at 70°C with pH of 10.5 and oxygen flow rate of 2,4, or 8 standard liters per hour. The progress of the reaction was monitored by following the oxidation-reduction potential of the solution, which changes dramatically after the Fe(II) is consumed. The reaction rate increased with increasing oxygen flow rate. The Mg content of the precipitate was lower than that of the reaction mixture, possibly because of the pH of the reaction mixture. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy confirmed formation of a ferrite under these conditions.

Novel Liquid Fuel HVOF Torches Fueled with Ethanol: Optimization and Erosion Wear Response of Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowu Liu ◽  
Michel Moliere ◽  
Hanlin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Standoff Distance ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Powder Feed Rate ◽  
Powder Feed

Abstract In this work; a novel liquid fuel HVOF process fueled with ethanol was used to prepare 75wt%Cr3C2–25wt%NiCr coatings on AISI304 stainless steel substrate. Taguchi method was employed to optimize the spray parameters (ethanol flow rate; oxygen flow rate; powder feed rate and standoff distance) to achieve better erosion resistance at 90° impact angle. The results indicated that ethanol flow rate and oxygen flow rate were identified as the highly contributing parameters on the erosion wear loss. The important sequence of the spray parameter is ethanol flow rate &gt; oxygen flow rate &gt; standoff distance &gt; powder feed rate. The optimal spray parameter (OSP) for minimum erosion wear loss was obtained under ethanol flow rate of 28slph; oxygen flow rate of 420slpm; powder feed rate of 76.7 g/min and standoff distance of 300mm. The phase composition; microstructure; hardness; porosities; and the erosion wear behaviors of the coatings have been studied in detail. Besides; erosion wear testing of the optimized coating was conducted at 30°; 60° and 90° impact angle using air jet erosion testing machine. The SEM images of the erodent samples were taken to analyze the erosion mechanism.

An Influence of Oxygen Flow Rate on Structural, Optical and Tribological Properties of Molybdenum Oxide Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Divyeshkumar P. Dave ◽  
Akshay M. Patel ◽  
Kamlesh V. Chauhan ◽  
Sushant K. Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Molybdenum Oxide ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow

The influence of oxygen flow rate is examined on structural, optical and tribological properties of molybdenum oxide films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and contact angle measurement system. The optical properties of the films were measured by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and transmittance of ∼73% in the visible region of the spectrum was achieved. The band gap increases with increases in oxygen gas flow rate. AFM figure illustrates that the roughness of surface increases as oxygen flow rate increases. As oxygen increases wear rate and COF decreases while at the 18 sccm the lowest wear rate found.

Role of oxygen flow rate on the structure and stoichiometry of cobalt oxide films deposited by reactive sputtering

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 013405
Author(s):  
Nilton Francelosi A. Neto ◽  
Cristiane Stegemann ◽  
Lucas J. Affonço ◽  
Douglas M. G. Leite ◽  
José H. D. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow

scholarly journals Relationship between Oxygen Defects and Properties of Scandium Oxide Films Prepared by Ion-Beam Sputtering

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Pengfei Kong ◽  
Yunti Pu ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Jiliang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Scandium Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Oxygen Defects ◽  
Beam Sputtering

Scandium oxide (Sc2O3) thin films with different numbers of oxygen defects were prepared by ion-beam sputtering under different oxygen flow rates. The results showed that the oxygen defects heavily affected crystal phases, optical properties, laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) and surface quality of Sc2O3 films. The thin film under 0 standard-state cubic centimeter per minute (sccm) oxygen flow rate had the largest number of oxygen defects, which resulted in the lowest transmittance, LIDT and the worst surface quality. In addition, the refractive index of 0 sccm Sc2O3 film could not be measured in the same way. When the oxygen flow rate was 15 sccm, the Sc2O3 film possessed the best transmittance, refractive index, LIDT and surface roughness due to the lowest number of oxygen defects. This work elucidated the relationship between oxygen defects and properties of Sc2O3 films. Controlling oxygen flow rate was an important step of limiting the number of oxygen defects, which is of great significance for industrial production.

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