scholarly journals Nutrient Concentration of African Horned Cucumber (Cucumis metuliferus L) Fruit under Different Soil Types, Environments, and Varying Irrigation Water Levels

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Mdungazi K Maluleke ◽  
Shadung J Moja ◽  
Melvin Nyathi ◽  
David M Modise
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Β Carotene

The nutrient concentration of most crops depends on factors such as amount of water, growing environment, sunlight, and soil types. However, the factors influencing nutrient concentration of African horned cucumber fruit are not yet known. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different water stress levels, soil types, and growing environments on the nutrient concentration of African horned cucumber fruit. Freeze-dried fruit samples were used in the quantification of β-carotene and total soluble sugars. The results demonstrated that plants grown under the shade net, combined with severe water stress level and loamy soil, had increased total soluble sugars (from 8 to 16 °Brix). Under the shade-net environment, the combination of moderate water stress level and loamy soil resulted in increased crude protein content (from 6.22 to 6.34% °Brix). In addition, the severe water stress treatment combined with loamy soil, under greenhouse conditions, resulted in increased β-carotene content (from 1.5 to 1.7 mg 100 g−1 DW). The results showed that African horned cucumber fruits are nutrient-dense when grown under moderate water stress treatment on the loamy or sandy loam substrate in the shade-net and open-field environments.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among Psidium accessions based on biochemical and agronomic variables

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Corrêa ◽  
Soniane Rodrigues da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Methods ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Sixty-nine Psidium accessions collected in six Brazilian states were analyzed by two non-hierarchical clustering methods and principal components (PC), to provide orientation for breeding programs. The variables ascorbic acid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, titrable acidity, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, moisture content, lateral and transversal fruit diameter, fruit pulp and seed weighs, and plant fruit number and weight were analyzed. Specific groups were observed for the araçazeiros accessions, by the Tocher and the k-means methods, as well as by the three-dimensional dispersion of the four PCs. The clustering separated accessions of araçazeiros from the guava. There was no specific grouping in terms of States of origin, indicating the absence of barriers in the guava propagation accessions. Analyses suggested the collection of a greater number of guava germplasm samples from a smaller number of regions and divergent accessions with high nutritional compound levels to develop new cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Five Maize Genotypes by Virtue of Physiological and Molecular Responses

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Khalil M. Saad-Allah ◽  
Afaf A. Nessem ◽  
Mohsen K. H. Ebrahim ◽  
Dina Gad
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Primary Focus

Drought has been recognized as a potential challenge to maize production around the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The primary focus of the present study was to investigate the metabolic and physiological adjustment mechanisms as well as drought-responsive gene expression patterns in five maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes (G314, G2, G10, G123, and G326) with varying drought-tolerance capacities at the vegetative stage. Twenty-one days-old maize plants from five maize genotypes were submitted to a well-watered (10 days) watering interval as a control, mild water stress (15 day interval), and severe water stress (20 day interval) treatments in a field experiment for two successive seasons (2019 and 2020). For all maize genotypes, the results showed that water stress significantly reduced plant height, leaf area, biomass, and yield characteristics. However, water stress, which was associated with the length of the watering interval, increased the concentrations of glycine betaine, amino acids, proline, phenols, flavonoids, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars, as well as catalase and peroxidase activities. On the transcriptional level, prolonged water stress increased the expression of drought-responsive genes (LOS5, Rad17, NCED1, CAT1, and ZmP5CS1), with G10 and G123 genotypes being the most drought-resistant. Herein, genotypes G10 and G123 were shown in this study to be relatively water stress tolerant due to improved osmoregulatory, antioxidant, and metabolic activities under water stress conditions, as well as the fact that they were endowed with stress-responsive genes.

Economic maximization of alfalfa medically-active phytoconstituents

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4984
Author(s):  
Bardees Mohammad Mickky* ◽  
Muhammad Ali Abbas ◽  
Omar Abd Elsamie El-Shhaby
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Medicinal plants are leading source of phytochemicals. A pot experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various water regimes (33, 67 and 100% watering) on the ability of alfalfa plants grown in soils with different texture (33, 67 and 100% sand) to synthesize phenolics, non-photosynthetic pigments, vitamins and minerals. Under drought, the amount of total phenols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids increased with the maximum content of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids recorded for plants in soil with 67% sand. For saponins, 33% sand caused the highest values, while alkaloids increased with increasing sand proportion. Water stress also increased the amount of anthocyanins, lycopene and β-carotene. With adequate irrigation, soil with 33% sand caused the highest amount of these pigments while under drought; their values fluctuated among the three soil types. Moreover, the amount of vitamin C, B1 and B2 increased under water deficit; and their amount increased with increasing sand. Furthermore, the amount of sodium, potassium and calcium increased with drought; while the reverse was recorded for magnesium and phosphorus with the maximum titers of all the addressed elements in plants grown in 100% sand. Thence, little water availability may be an efficient technique invigorating alfalfa medicinal efficacy.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Content and Sugar Metabolism of Peaches Grown under Water Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Kobashi ◽  
Hiroshi Gemma ◽  
Shuichi Iwahori
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

A water stress treatment was imposed on peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch `Kansuke Hakuto' (Peach Group)] to elucidate the relationship among sugar accumulation, sugar metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) in fruit under water stress. Treatment was carried out on peach trees grown in containers from 8 July 1996 [80 days after full bloom (DAFB)] for 16 days, to achieve a predawn water potential of -0.8 to -1.1 MPa compared to that of -0.4 to -0.6 MPa in control trees. Levels of sorbitol, sucrose, and total sugars, as well as the activity of sorbitol oxidase increased in fruit of water stressed trees under moderate water stress (-0.8 MPa), whereas under severe water stress (-1.1 MPa), no difference between the waterstressed trees and the controls was observed. Water stress also induced an increase in ABA in the fruit. These initial results indicated that water-stress-induced ABA accelerated sugar accumulation in peaches by activating sorbitol metabolism.

scholarly journals Physiological and Yield Responses of Green-Shelled Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown under Restricted Irrigation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Karen Campos ◽  
Andrés R. Schwember ◽  
Daniel Machado ◽  
Mónica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Pilar M. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
The Face ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Common bean is an important crop, consumed as green-shelled bean in several countries. In Chile, green-shelled beans are cultivated often as a dry land crop, vulnerable to drought. The objective of this study was to characterize the hydric and productive responses of four green-shelled bean genotypes subjected to deficit irrigation in order to outline production strategies in the face of increasing water scarcity. Two experiments were evaluated: one pot experiment with three irrigation treatments, supplying 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (T100), 50% (T50), and 30% (T30); and an open field experiment with two treatments: 100% (I100) and 40% of ETc (I40). Treatments were applied during reproductive stage in determinate cultivars and vegetative stage in indeterminate plants. Severe water restriction (T30 and I40) in both experiments showed a significant decrease in stomatal conductances, as well as biomass and number of grains per pod; I40 treatment also showed a reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence. Water use efficiency (WUE) was higher under water stress in field (I40), but lower on the T30 treatment from the pot experiment. Determinate cultivars showed 22.7% higher of 100-seed weight compared to indeterminate type, and, thus, higher tolerance to drought. Our results indicate that severe water stress is highly harmful in terms of yield, and a moderate controlled deficit irrigation plus the use of determinate genotypes may be a strategy for producing green-shelled bean successfully under a drought scenario.

scholarly journals Activated Yeast Extract Enhances Growth, Anatomical Structure, and Productivity of Lupinus termis L. Plants under Actual Salinity Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Ragab S. Taha ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Seed Yields

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses that negatively limits anatomical structure, growth and the physiological and productivity traits of field crops. The productivity of lupine plants is severely restricted by abiotic stress, particularly, salinity in arid and semiarid regions. Activated yeast extract (AYE) can perform a vital role in the tolerance of environmental stress, as it contains phytohormones and amino acids. Thus, field experiments were conducted to explore the potential function of active yeast extract (0, 50, 75, and 100 mL AYE L−1) in mitigating the harmful impacts of salinity stress (EC = 7.65 dS m−1) on anatomical structure, growth, and the physiological and productivity traits of two lupine cultivars: Giza 1 and Giza 2. The different AYE treatments resulted in a substantial improvement in studied attributes, for example the growth, anatomical, physiological characteristics, and seed yields of treated lupine cultivars compared with untreated plants. Among the AYE doses, 75 mL L−1 significantly improved plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total protein, and seed yields, and exposed the best anatomical attributes of the two lupine cultivars grown under saline stress. The exogenous application of 75 mL AYE L−1 was the most influential, and it surpassed the control results by 45.9% for 100-seed weight and 26.9% for seed yield per hectare. On the other hand, at a concentration of 75 mL L−1 AYE there was a decrease in the alkaloids and endogenous proline under the studied salinity stress conditions. Promoted salinity stress tolerance through sufficient AYE dose is a hopeful strategy to enhance the tolerance and improve productivity of lupine into salinity stress. Furthermore, the response of lupine to salinity stress appears to rely on AYE dose. The results proved that Giza 2 was more responsive to AYE than Giza 1, showing a better growth and higher yield, and reflecting further salinity tolerance than the Giza 1 cultivar.

scholarly journals Change of Ascorbic Acid Level after Grafting of Tomato Seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 830-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Wadano ◽  
Mitsuharu Azeta ◽  
Shin-ichi Itotani ◽  
Ai Kanda ◽  
Toshio Iwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Level ◽  
Electrochemical Detector ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Severe Water Stress

Grafting is an easy way to produce a new seedling, which can tolerate against various stresses. During the acclimation after grafting, however, the seedlings still suffer a severe water stress. It is well known that water stress produces active oxygen to oxidize ascorbic acid. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the leaves was analyzed by HPLC equipped with an electrochemical detector. The column used was SP-120-5-ODS-BP (DAISO, JAPAN) and elution was performed with 0.1 ᴍ phosphate buffer, pH 3.0. After grafting the seedlings were acclimated under a 6-hr light/dark regimen. The content of ascorbic acid increased gradually during 2 days compared with control. The ascorbate peroxidase showed about constant activity, so the increase of ascorbic acid may be due to its requirement to cure the grafting

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

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