LATE-PCR for LoC Molecular Diagnostics Devices and Its Application to the Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2
The emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the need for rapid, accurate, and point-of-care diagnostic testing. Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) devices offer the possibility to run such tests at a low cost, while at the same time permitting the multiplexed detection of several viruses when coupled with microarray detection of the amplified products. Herein, we report the development of a protocol for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2, through the design of appropriate primers that target the evolutionary conserved regions of the virus. The proposed protocol relies on an improved version of asymmetric RT-PCR, the linear-after-the-exponential (LATE)-PCR that uses primers that are deliberately designed for use at unequal concentrations. As a result, LATE-PCR exhibits similar efficiency to symmetric PCR, while promoting accumulation of single-stranded products that can subsequently hybridize to a single-strand DNA probe-spotted microarray. The performance of the developed LATE-PCR protocol was compared to that of symmetric RT-PCR, and validated with the use of artificial viral RNA and nasopharyngeal swab samples from real patients. Furthermore, and in order to illustrate its potential for integration into a biosensor platform, the amplicons were allowed to hybridize with probes that were covalently immobilized onto commercially available functionalized glass, without the need for heat denaturation.