scholarly journals Effects of Bucket Type and Angle on Downstream Nappe Wind Caused by a Turbulent Jet

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijian Lian ◽  
Junling He ◽  
Wenjuan Gou ◽  
Danjie Ran
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Physical Experiment ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Operational Safety

The downstream nappe wind caused by flood discharge has a great influence on the rainfall distribution, the operational safety of dams, and their surrounding ecological environments. A physical experiment was conducted to measure the spatial distribution of the downstream nappe wind and the splash for a continuous bucket (CB) and a tongue-shaped bucket (TB) for five bucket angles (40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, and 60°). The experimental results demonstrate that the trajectory width and height of the nappe increase as the angles increase, but the effect on the length is converse. The wind velocity and splash weight of the two buckets decrease along the flowing direction. In the lateral direction, the wind velocity and splash weight for the CB decrease as y increases, but the wind velocity of the TB trends to humplike; its splash weight decreases near the axis of the bucket, and is stable in the other region. In the vertical direction, the velocity for the CB increases and then decreases as z increases, but that for the TB decreases monotonously. The velocity of the wind and weight of the splash for the CB decreases with the increasing angles, but those of the TB peak at 45°. The findings are useful for the more accurate prediction of rainfall.

Threshold Voltage Variations Induced by Si1−xGex and Si1−xCx of Sub 5-nm Node Silicon Nanosheet Field-Effect Transistors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 4684-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsu Jeong ◽  
Jun-Sik Yoon ◽  
Seunghwan Lee ◽  
Rock-Hyun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tcad Simulation ◽  
Valence Band Energy

In this paper, we investigated the threshold voltage (Vth) variations in sub 5-nm node silicon nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) caused by Ge and C diffusion into NS channels using fully-calibrated 3-D TCAD simulation. Ge (C) atoms of Si1−xGex (Si1−xCx) source/drain (S/D) diffuse toward the NS channels in lateral direction in p-type (n-type) FETs, and Ge atoms of Si0.7Ge0.3 stacks diffuse toward the NS channels in vertical direction. Increasing Ge mole fraction of the Si1−xGex S/D in the p-type FETs (PFETs) causing increasing compressive channel stress retards boron dopants diffusing from the Si1−xGex S/D into the NS channels, thus increasing the Vth of PFETs (Vth, p). However, the Vth, p decreases as the Ge mole fraction of the Si1−xGex S/D becomes greater than 0.5 due to the higher valence band energy (Ev) of the NS channels. On the other hand, the Vth of n-type FETs (NFETs) (Vth, n) consistently increases as the C mole fraction of the Si1−xCx S/D increases due to monotonously retarded phosphorus dopants diffusing from the Si1−xCx S/D into the NS channels. On the other hand, the Vth, p and Vth, n consistently decreases and increases, respectively, as Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 intermixing becomes severer because both Ev and conduction band energies (Ec) of the NS channels become higher. In addition, the Vth, p variations are more sensitive to the Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 intermixing than the Vth, n variations because the Ge mole fraction in NS channels affects the Ev remarkably rather than the Ec. As a result, the Ge atoms diffusing toward the NS channels should be carefully considered more than the C diffusion toward the NS channels for fine Vth variation optimization in sub 5-nm node NSFETs.

scholarly journals Seat pitch and comfort of a staggered seat configuration

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S151-S159
Author(s):  
Zhihui Liu ◽  
T. Rotte ◽  
S. Anjani ◽  
P. Vink
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Top View ◽  
Design Freedom ◽  
Cabin Interior ◽  
Physical Dimensions

BACKGROUND: Staggered seats are a solution for the Flying-V aircraft, where the cabin’s longitudinal axis has a 26 degrees angle with respect to the direction of flight, to compensate for an otherwise oblique sitting position. However, little is known on acceptable pitches in this staggered configuration. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research is to evaluate the comfort of different pitches for seats that are staggered relative to the cabin’s longitudinal axis. METHODS: Two rows of staggered seats are positioned at three different pitches (27, 29 and 31 inches). 53 participants were seated in each setup. For each, a questionnaire was completed including questions on comfort and discomfort, top view photos were taken to analyse postures and physical dimensions were recorded to define passengers’ space. RESULTS: Comfort as well as discomfort were significantly different for the three setups. The comfort at 27 inches was seen as unacceptably low. The 29 and 31-inch configurations showed to result in acceptable levels of comfort, comparable to higher-end seating layouts. There were very little complaints about space in lateral direction (elbow and seat width), showing the advantage of having your won armrest and shoulder space in the staggered configuration. Interesting was that at larger pitches more complaints were found for the seat characteristics, probably in the shorter pitch the other discomfort was overruling this. CONCLUSION: The 26-degree staggered configuration offers improvements in shoulder- and elbow-space. The results for the 29- and 31-inch are expected to allow enough design freedom for further exploration of such a configuration for the Flying-V cabin interior.

Contrast Study on the Radial Velocity of the Flow Field of the Hydrocyclones with Different Inlet Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 624-629
Author(s):  
Lian Cheng Ren ◽  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Jiang Meng ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Jia Lin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Axial Symmetry ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Tangential Inlet

On the base of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the flow field of a conventional single-tangential-inlet Hydrocyclone and a newly put forward axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet hydrocyclone were contrasted. The study shows that the inlet structure of the Hydrocylone has a great influence on the radial velocity of the flow field in the hydrocyclone and that the radial velocity in the hydrocyclone with single-tangential-inlet is not symmetry about the axis of the hydrocyclone; and on the other hand the radial velocity in the hydrocyclone with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet is symmetry about the axis of the hydrocyclone. The magnitude of the radial velocity of the flow in the hydrocyclone with single-tangential-inlet is greater than that in the hydrocyclone with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet hydrocyclone, which means the hydrocyclone with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet has greater capability than the rival one with single-tangential inlet. The symmetry about the axis of the hydrocyclone of the radial velocity means the radial velocities in the place where the radio is the same are constant, which means the hydrocyclone has a great separation efficiency. The conclusion is that changing the conventional hydrocyclone into the one with axial-symmetry double-tangential-inlet structure can offer greater separation capability and efficiency.

Literature, Media and Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2176-2178
Author(s):  
Dr. Jnanee Debasish Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Market Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Market

Synopsis: Literature is the medicine for man and civilization for years. It attracts and affects the soul and mind. In modern times transformation of media makes a big difference in human approach. Though Communication is the primary aim of media, but it works like a window of conscience. In the age of globalization the media has a great influence on society. Though market is an economical concept but our daily life is bound to rely upon it. And now literature, media and market remain in an inter related manner. One affects the other two. This analysis tries to find out the inter relationship among literature, media and market. Keywords: Literature, Media, Market, Communication, Globalization, Literary Sensibility, Media ethics, Change in media approach

scholarly journals Research on dynamic characteristics of plate under pedestrian excitation based on Newmark-β

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-699
Author(s):  
Xinfang Ge ◽  
Weirong Wang ◽  
Wei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Rectangular Plate ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
Pedestrian Excitation

Development of micro and ultra-precision machining, precision instruments and equipment, precision assembly and testing has put forward more and more high requirements to vibration isolation on environmental elements, especially the pedestrian excitation generated by workers' normal walking. Therefore, it is very important to study the pedestrian excitation's influence on vibration characteristics of precision instruments and equipment. In this study, dynamic model including mathematical model of pedestrian excitation, interaction model between pedestrian and rectangular plate structure, the human–plate coupled dynamic equation in vertical direction of pedestrian–plate structure was established. And then we use the Newmark-β method to solve the time-domain step-by-step integration of the first four order modes' dynamic equations and study the influence of the linear notion trajectory along the central axis direction on the dynamic characteristics of the rectangular plate. By simulation, we discussed plate structure response under different conditions, including plate structure displacement and acceleration response under the single person excitation with different velocities, under normal walking velocity with different number of pedestrians and under this case of different distance between two pedestrians. The results show that the structural vibration induced by pedestrian excitation has great influence on dynamic characteristics of plate.

Block Treatment of Multi-Layer Wafers for the Development of a Numerical Model of a 300mm Batch Heat Treatment Furnace

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
Eun Yi Ko ◽  
Kyung Woo Yi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Treatment Furnace ◽  
Numerical Experimentation ◽  
Modeling Strategy

Of all the processing stages for wafers, interior temperature distribution in thermal treatment furnaces has a great influence on wafer properties. Therefore, internal temperature distribution is a key factor for operating a furnace. However, it is practically impossible to directly measure temperatures within the furnace, and consequently the need for a reliable numerical model to analyze temperature distribution is becoming increasingly urgent. Exact modeling of the processing is very difficult because the structure of the furnace used for thermal treatment is very complex, with large numbers of Si wafers stacked within. Therefore, simplified modeling is necessary. The modeling strategy of the present study is to reduce the radiation calculation domain and simplify the model by replacing the wafer stack region with a single block. It is necessary to determine the vertical and horizontal effective thermal conductivities of the block to reflect radiation heat transfer between wafers. In this study, calculations were performed through numerical experimentation, using r k as the heat transfer coefficient in the direction of the radius, and v k for the vertical direction. Using these calculated property values, the temperature distribution within a 300mm thermal treatment furnace can be obtained.

scholarly journals The effect of wind direction on drift control by snow fences

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Takeuchi ◽  
Shun’ichi Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Sato ◽  
Kaoru Izumi ◽  
Kenji Kosugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Case ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Snow Fences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cold Wind ◽  
Drift Control

AbstractSnowdrifting processes and the wind-velocity profiles around a collector and a blower snow fence were investigated in a cold wind tunnel. The purpose was to ascertain the effect of wind direction on drift control by snow fences. Three different cases were studied for both types of snow fence, and the resultant snowdrifts were compared. In the first case, the snow fence was perpendicular to the wind direction. In the second and third cases, it was tilted by 30° and 45°. When the collector snow fence was tilted, the amounts of snowdrift were much less than when the fence was perpendicular to the wind direction, because the area with low wind velocity was reduced to half behind the tilted fence. On the other hand, the blowing effect of the blower snow fence increased when it was set up at an angle to the wind direction. It is necessary to investigate the position where the blown snow is deposited by the tilted blower snow fence.

XX.—On a See-Saw of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, and Wind Velocity between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea

1915 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
R. C. Mossman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In the course of a large inquiry on the inter-relations between the meteorological conditions in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, on the one hand, and those prevailing in the southern continents, more especially South America, on the other, there has come to light an interesting see-saw between the barometric pressure, air temperature, and wind velocity in the Weddell and the Boss Seas. The above inquiry, which I hope to lay before this Society shortly, refers to the eight-year period 1902–09; and since the present paper deals with the years 1902, 1903, 1911, and 1912, I have thought it better to make it the subject of a separate communication. The positions of these stations and others where observations have been made are shown on the accompanying map, for which I am indebted to Dr H. R. Mill. The figures within the rings give the number of years covered by the records at the various places.

Field measurement of near-surface typhoon characteristics using a smart monitoring system on a long-span arch bridge site

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1987
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Huaqiang Li ◽  
Zengshun Chen ◽  
Yuanhao Qian ◽  
Yanru Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Gust Factor ◽  
The Mean

During landfall of Typhoon Haikui in Eastern China in 2012, ground level wind data were recorded using a smart monitoring system installed on JiuBao Bridge in Hangzhou, China. This article documents the mean flow and turbulence characteristics from data recorded during the storm. The results show that both turbulence intensity and gust factor decrease with the increase in the mean wind velocity. However, as the mean wind velocity increases, this trend gradually attenuates. The peak factor distribution with gust averaging time duration derived with the Typhoon Haikui data agrees well with the Durst curve. However, the longitudinal gust factor derived from the typhoon wind-speed record in this study is higher compared with the curves proposed by Durst and Krayer-Marshall. Analyses of the gust factor distribution with the turbulence intensity during the passage of the storm reveal a similarity to the empirical curves of Ishizaki and Choi. Results show that the relationship between lateral turbulence and gust factors can be well represented by a quadratic polynomial. Turbulence scale increased with mean wind velocity. The values of autocorrelation coefficients in longitudinal direction are larger than those in lateral direction. There has no obvious dependency of cross-correlation coefficients with mean wind velocity. In general, the wind characteristics in this study are shown to be very similar to those of winds under normal circumstance.

Correlation of Patellar Tracking Pattern With Trochlear and Retropatellar Surface Topographies

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ahmed ◽  
N. A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Dial Gage ◽  
Passive Restraint ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The study was aimed to test the hypothesis that in the knee extension range 100 to 30 deg, the patellar “out-of-plane” tracking pattern is controlled by the passive restraint provided by the topographic interaction of the patellofemoral contacting surfaces. The out-of-plane tracking pattern, i.e., the pattern of patellar displacements not in the plane of knee extension/flexion, consists of translation in the medial–lateral direction, and rotations about the anterior–posterior axis (spin) and the proximal–distal axis (tilt). Using 15 fresh-frozen knees subjected to extensor moment magnitudes comparable to those in the “static-lifting” activity (foot-ground reaction=334 N), the patellar displacements were measured using a calibrated six-degree-of-freedom electromechanical goniometer. The topographies of the trochlear and retropatellar surfaces were then measured using a calibrated traveling dial-gage arrangement and the same coordinate system used for the displacement measurements. Three indices were defined to quantify particular natural features of the three-dimensional topographies that are expected to control the patellar displacements. Correlation of the indices with their corresponding displacements showed that topographic interaction was significant in the control of all three displacements. However, for patellar spin, unlike for the other two displacements, the direction of the active quadriceps tension vector was also a significant controlling factor. Patellar medial–lateral translation was found to be controlled dominantly by the trochlear topography, while retropatellar topography also had a significant role in the control of the other two displacements. [S0148-0731(00)01406-0]

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