scholarly journals Standard Expected Years of Life Lost Due to Malignant Neoplasms in Poland, 2000–2014

Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pikala ◽  
Monika Burzyńska ◽  
Irena Maniecka-Bryła

The aim of the study was an analysis of mortality trends due to malignant neoplasms in Poland. The study material was a database, consisting of 1,367,364 death certificates of inhabitants of Poland who died during the period 2000–2014 due to malignant cancer. To calculate years of life lost, the SEYLLp index (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person) was applied. We also calculated AAPC (Average Annual Percentage Change). The SEYLLp index (per 10,000 population) due to malignant neoplasms in Poland in males decreased from 586.3 in 2000 to 575.5 in 2014, whereas in females it increased from 398.6 in 2000 to 418.3 in 2014. The greatest number of lost years of life in 2014 was attributed to lung cancer (174.7 per 10,000 males and 77.3 per 10,000 females), breast cancer in females (64.5) and colorectal cancer in males (39.0). The most negative trends were observed for lung cancer in females (AAPC = 3.5%) and for colorectal cancer (AAPC = 1.8%) and prostate cancer (AAPC = 1.6%) in males. Many lost years could have been prevented by including a greater number of Polish inhabitants in screening examinations, mostly targeted at malignant neoplasm, whose incidence is closely connected with modifiable risk factors.

Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pikala ◽  
Monika Burzyńska ◽  
Irena Maniecka-Bryła

The aim of the study was an analysis of years of life lost due to cervical cancer in Poland in the period 2000 to 2015 with consideration given to differences related to education and place of residence. The study material was 28,274 death certificates of all female inhabitants of Poland, who died in 2000 to 2015 due to cervical cancer. In order to calculate years of life lost, the authors used indices: SEYLLp (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person), SEYLLd (per deaths) and AAPC (Average Annual Percentage Change). The SEYLLp index (per 100,000) due to cervical cancer in Poland decreased from 394.3 in 2000 to 220.9 years of life in 2015 (AAPC = −3.6%). Women with university education lost the smallest number of years of life (SEYLLp = 139.0 in 2000 and 53.7 in 2015; AAPC = −5.4%), whereas those with elementary education had the greatest number of years of life lost (524.2 and 312.8; AAPC = −3.4%). Women living in rural areas lost on average 329.5 years in 2000 and 177.0 in 2015 (AAPC = −3.8%). In city areas, the values were 428.6 and 247.1 (AAPC = −3.4%). Many of the years of life lost could have been avoided by including more women, particularly those with elementary education, in screening examinations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cornez ◽  
G Silversmit ◽  
V Gorasso ◽  
I Grant ◽  
G M A Wyper ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Monitoring the health status of a population requires consistent and comparable data on the morbidity and mortality impacts of a disease. The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is an increasingly used disease burden indicator, combining healthy life years lost due to living with disease (Years Lived with Disability; YLDs) and due to dying prematurely (Years of Life Lost; YLLs). In Belgium, as in many other developed countries, cancer is a major contributor to the overall burden of disease. To date, however, local estimates of the burden of cancer are lacking. Methods We estimated the burden of 48 cancers in Belgium from 2004 to 2017 in terms of DALYs, using national population-based cancer registry data and international disease models. We developed a microsimulation model to translate incidence- into prevalence-based estimates, and used expert elicitation to integrate the long-term impact of surgical treatment. Results In 2017, in Belgium, breast cancer was the cancer with the highest disease burden among women, followed by lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Among men, lung cancer had the highest disease burden, followed by colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. Between 2004 and 2017, the burden of lung cancer increased by more than 50% in women, while in both sexes, significant increases were observed in melanoma and skin cancer burden. The majority of the cancer burden remained linked to premature mortality. Conclusions Cancer maintains a major impact on the health of the Belgian population. Current resources allocated for their prevention and treatment will need to be maintained to further reduce the cancer burden. Lung cancer remains a crucial challenge, among both men and women, calling for strengthened tobacco control policies. Integrating the current study in the Belgian national burden of disease study (BeBOD) will allow monitoring the burden of cancer over time, highlighting new trends and assessing the impact of public health policies. Key messages Burden of disease studies allow assessing and monitoring the impact of diseases and risk factors in a comparable way. Cancer maintains a major impact on the health of the Belgian population; lung cancer in particular remains a crucial challenge.


Author(s):  
S. K. Yarovoy ◽  
I. B. Shikina

Aim: to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of chemotherapy taking into account the types of malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lung, and to calculate pharmacoeconomic efficiency.Materials and methods. The materials for the study were the data of the Moscow Cancer Hospital n.a. D.D. Pletnev for 2019. The cost of drugs was calculated according to the data of the website aptekamos.ru (for June 2019).Results and discussion. For 300 patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer, it is required 3205.5 courses of chemotherapy of I (1747.5) and II (1458) lines. For 200 patients with non-small cell non-squamous EGFR positive lung cancer, it is required 1,413.1 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. For 70 patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer with ALK mutation, it is required 450.2 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. For 280 patients with non-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer lung cancer without mutations, it is required 7515 chemotherapy courses. For 150 patients with small cell lung cancer, it is required 1,656.8 courses of chemotherapy. Thus, a total sample of 1000 patients, excluding the type of malignant neoplasm of broncus and lung are required 14,239.8 chemotherapy courses. The determined cost of 67,000 rubles for the average chemotherapy course per patient takes into account the necessary colony stimulating factors, antiemetic, infusion solutions, etc.; in the case of treatment with erlotinib (the length of the course is 8 months), the cost is 663,408.0 rubles; in the case of treatment with crizotinib (the length of the course is 11 months course), the cost is 2044110.0 rubles. The average cost of drug therapy for one patient with malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung is 1136155.9 rubles.Conclusion. We determined the pharmacoeconomic dependence of a chemotherapy on the type of malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung and the main anticancer drug used. The median of the overall survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung was 42 months. The average cost of drug therapy was 27051.3 rubles per month. The median survival rate without therapy is 3 months. Thus, therapy can extend the patient’s life by an average of 39 months. The cost of a month of a saved life is 29132.2 rubles. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18786-e18786
Author(s):  
Anna Juncker-Jensen ◽  
Corine K. Lau ◽  
Manan Shah ◽  
Lawrence Martin Weiss ◽  
Eve Shinbrot

e18786 Background: Early diagnosis is key to the best treatment options and possible outcomes for cancer patients. However, the COVID19 pandemic has put a heavy burden on the US healthcare system, causing hospitals and medical centers to stop or delay routine cancer screenings such as mammograms, pap tests, colonoscopies, CT scans and PSA assays. Subsequently, cancer diagnostic testing and cancer patient care have also been disrupted. Methods: To determine the extent of cancer diagnostic testing that was impacted during the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020, we analyzed the changes in cancer test volume at NeoGenomics Laboratories Inc. between 2019 and 2020, and especially between March and June 2020. Unique patient test counts were categorized by cancer types as determined by the diagnostic ICD 10 code C00-D49 (with a minimum of 100 tests in 2019). Results: Comparing test volumes in 2020 to 2019, an overall decrease in tests ordered in 2020 was seen for multiple cancers. These cancers include malignant neoplasms of breast (16%) and malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung (19%), followed by malignant neoplasm of colon, polycythemia vera, and Hodgkin lymphoma. In addition, a decrease in benign cancers, and decreases in benign neoplasm of colon, rectum, anus and anal canal was observed. To determine if the US stay-at-home order implemented between March and early June 2020 had affected test volume, month-to-month comparison shows the greatest impact in test volume in malignant neoplasm of breast: a 28% decrease comparing April 2020 to April 2019, and a 32% decrease comparing May 2020 to May 2019. Similarly, a 24% and 33% decrease were seen in malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung for the same months. Individual tests specific for breast and lung cancer also showed similar decreases: 49-56% decrease for Breast Triple Stain (CK5 + p63 + CK 8/18), 11-41% decrease for ER test, and up to 39% decrease for HER2 diagnostic tests. Tests for ALK fusions for lung cancer showed decreases in test volume ranging from 15% to 30% during April, May and June 2020 as compared to 2019. Interestingly, we found that the total test volumes for each age group (increments of 10 up to age 80) decreased April and May 2020 as well, compared to April and May 2019. We did not see a difference in test volume decreases based on patient gender. Conclusions: There was a decrease in cancer tests ordered during the pandemic in 2020 for most cancer types, with a large decrease found in breast, lung and colon cancer. The sharp decrease in breast cancer tests is important to note as breast cancer has recently been identified as the most diagnosed form of cancer, surpassing lung cancer. This impact in cancer testing may translate to delayed diagnosis and treatment options. It remains to be seen whether this will lead to more aggressive cancer treatments, or to a greater patient mortality. It is imperative that we continue to monitor and screen patients for cancer as the pandemic continues or during any healthcare crisis in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
A. O. Andriiaka ◽  

The purpose of the study was to study the content of free fraction of heparin, histamine and serotonin in plasma of peripheral venous blood of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia in colorectal cancer, depending on the severity of anemia. Materials and methods. The material for the study was the blood plasma of 445 patients (228 men and 217 women). Among them, 53 patients (31 women and 22 men) with iron deficiency anemia were examined and included in the first observation group (І) and 392 patients (206 men (52.55 %) and 186 women (47.45 %)) with colorectal cancer whose course of the underlying disease was burdened with malignant neoplasm anemia (ICD-10 code: D63.0) were included in the second observation group (II). Among the patients in the second (II) observation group, there were 222 individuals (119 men and 103 women) with malignant neoplasms of the colon (ICD-10 code: С.18), 29 individuals (16 men and 13 women) with malignant neoplasms of the rectosigmoid junction (ICD-10 code: C.19), 138 individuals (82 men and 56 women) with malignant neoplasms of the rectum (code ICD-10 C.20) and 3 patients (2 men and 1 woman) with malignant neoplasms of the anus (ICD-10 code: C.21). The mean age of the patients was 63.3 ± 1.2 years old. The plasma level of free fraction of heparin of the examined patients was determined using the photocolorimetric method on photoelectric colorimeter 56-M after its preliminary isolation by electrophoretic method according to the appropriate procedure (B. V. Mykhailychenko, S. V. Vydyborets (2000)). The plasma level of free histamine and serotonin of the examined patients was studied using the method of fluorometric analysis on the analyzer “BIAN-130”-“BIAN-100” according to the procedure of B. V. Mykhailychenko, S. V. Vydyborets (1999). Results and discussion. It was found that prior to the initiation of treatment in patients with malignant neoplasm anemia, regardless of the course of colorectal cancer, there was a significant increase in the plasma level of free fraction of heparin, histamine, serotonin (p < 0.001); the ratio of free histamine to free serotonin was also changed in comparison with the values in the control group (p < 0.05), which indicated both an increased release of heparin, histamine and serotonin from the depot, and an impaired inactivation processes of these biologically active substances. Considering all of the above and the quite obvious reasons, namely, the secondary metabolic disorders of serotonin, histamine, heparin which manifested by a significant increase in their plasma level of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia in colorectal cancer, we suggested the need to use a medicinal product in a complex of therapeutic measures which can cause antihypoxic, membrane stabilizing and anti-edema action. Conclusion. Malignant neoplasm anemia in colorectal cancer is accompanied by significant changes in the metabolism of biologically active substances – free fraction of heparin, histamine, serotonin, and the ratio of free histamine to serotonin. It was correctly concluded that in addition to the baseline therapy the administration of arginine glutamate which causes both antihypoxic and membrane-stabilizing action, reliably contributes to the normalization of secondary metabolic disorders of histamine, serotonin and heparin metabolism in malignant neoplasm anemia in patients with colorectal cancer


2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-233
Author(s):  
Sergey Morozov ◽  
Viktor Gombolevskiy ◽  
Anton Vladzimirskiy ◽  
Albina Laypan ◽  
Pavel Kononets ◽  
...  

Study aim. To justify selective lung cancer screening via low-dose computed tomography and evaluate its effectiveness. Materials and methods. In 2017 we have concluded the baseline stage of “Lowdose computed tomography in Moscow for lung cancer screening (LDCT-MLCS)” trial. The trial included 10 outpatient clinics with 64-detector CT units (Toshiba Aquilion 64 and Toshiba CLX). Special low-dose protocols have been developed for each unit with maximum effective dose of 1 mSv (in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1, Sanitary Regulations 2.6.1.1192-03). The study involved 5,310 patients (53% men, 47% women) aged 18-92 years (mean age 62 years). Diagnosis verification was carried out in the specialized medical organizations via consultations, additional instrumental, laboratory as well as pathohistological studies. The results were then entered into the “National Cancer Registry”. Results. 5310 patients (53% men, 47% women) aged 18 to 92 years (an average of 62 years) participated in the LDCT-MLCS. The final cohort was comprised of 4762 (89.6%) patients. We have detected 291 (6.1%) Lung-RADS 3 lesions, 228 (4.8%) Lung- RADS 4A lesions and 196 (4.1%) Lung-RADS 4B/4X lesions. All 4B and 4X lesions were routed in accordance with the project's methodology and legislative documents. Malignant neoplasms were verified in 84 cases (1.76% of the cohort). Stage I-II lung cancer was actively detected in 40.3% of these individuals. For the first time in the Russian Federation we have calculated the number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one lung cancer (NNS=57) and to detect one Stage I lung cancer (NNS=207). Conclusions. Based on the global experience and our own practices, we argue that selective LDCT is the most systematic solution to the problem of early-stage lung cancer screening.


2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Ivan Majdevac ◽  
Nikola Budisin ◽  
Milan Ranisavljevic ◽  
Dejan Lukic ◽  
Imre Lovas ◽  
...  

Background: Hepatectomies are mostly performed for the treatment of hepatic benign or malignant neoplasms, intrahepatic gallstones, or parasitic cysts of the liver. The most common malignant neoplasms of the liver are metastases from colorectal cancer. Anatomic liver resection involves two or more hepatic segments, while non-anatomic liver resection involves resection of the metastases with a margin of uninvolved tissue. The aim of this manuscript was to show results of hepatectomies performed at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Methods: We performed 133 liver resections from January 1997 to December 2013. Clinical and histopathological data were obtained from operative protocols, histopathological reports, and patients? medical histories. Results: We did 80 metastasectomies, 51 segmentectomies, and 18 radiofrequent ablations (RFA). Average number of colorectal cancer metastases was 1.67 per patient. We also made 10 left hepatectomies. In all cases, we made non-anatomic resections. Conclusion: Decision about anatomic versus non-anatomic resections for colorectal metastasis and primary liver tumors should be made before surgical exploration. Preservation of liver parenchyma is important with respect to liver failure and postoperative chemotherapy treatment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C Van 't Klooster ◽  
P.M Ridker ◽  
N.R Cook ◽  
J.G.J.V Aerts ◽  
J Westerink ◽  
...  

Abstract Background As treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has improved substantially over the last decades, more patients survive acute CVD manifestations and are at risk for developing cancer as well as recurrent CVD. Due to similar risk factors, including smoking and obesity, patients with established CVD are at higher risk for cancer. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate prediction models for the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk for total, colorectal, and lung cancer in patients with established CVD. Methods Data from patients with established CVD from the UCC-SMART prospective cohort study (N=7,280) were used for model development, and data from the CANTOS trial (N=9,322) were used for model validation. Predictors were selected based on previously published cancer risk prediction models or cancer risk factors, easy clinical availability, and availability in the derivation dataset (UCC-SMART cohort). A Fine and Gray competing risk-adjusted lifetime model was developed for total, colorectal, and lung cancer. Results Selected predictors were age, sex, smoking status, weight, height, alcohol use, antiplatelet use, diabetes mellitus, and C-reactive protein. External calibration for 4-year risks of the total cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer models was good (Figure 1), and C-statistics were 0.63–0.74 in the CANTOS trial population. Median predicted lifetime risks in CANTOS were 26% (range 1%-52%) for total cancer, 4% (range 0%-13%) for colorectal cancer, and 5% (range 0%-37%) for lung cancer. Conclusions Lifetime and 10-year risk of cancer can be estimated with easy to measure variables in patients with established CVD, showing a wide distribution of predicted lifetime risks for total cancer and lung cancer. Using these lifetime models in clinical practice could increase understanding of cancer risk and aid in emphasizing healthy lifestyle changes. Figure 1. Calibration plots of cancer models Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): University Medical Center; Additional funding: CANTOS trial was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Parfenyev ◽  
Sergey V. Shabelnikov ◽  
Danila Y. Pozdnyakov ◽  
Olga O. Gnedina ◽  
Leonid S. Adonin ◽  
...  

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays a critical role in the organism development, providing cell migration and tissue formation. However, its erroneous activation in malignancies can serve as the basis for the dissemination of cancer cells and metastasis. The Zeb1 transcription factor, which regulates the EMT activation, has been shown to play an essential role in malignant transformation. This factor is involved in many signaling pathways that influence a wide range of cellular functions via interacting with many proteins that affect its transcriptional functions. Importantly, the interactome of Zeb1 depends on the cellular context. Here, using the inducible expression of Zeb1 in epithelial breast cancer cells, we identified a substantial list of novel potential Zeb1 interaction partners, including proteins involved in the formation of malignant neoplasms, such as ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17and a component of the NURD repressor complex, CTBP2. We confirmed the presence of the selected interactors by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Further, we demonstrated that co-expression of Zeb1 and CTBP2 in breast cancer patients correlated with the poor survival prognosis, thus signifying the functionality of the Zeb1–CTBP2 interaction.


Author(s):  
Lin Lei ◽  
Anyan Huang ◽  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Ling Liang ◽  
Yirong Wang ◽  
...  

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in China. The incidence trend and geographical distribution of lung cancer in southern China have not been reported. The present study explored the temporal trend and spatial distribution of lung cancer incidence in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2018. The lung cancer incidence data were obtained from the registered population in the Shenzhen Cancer Registry System between 2008 and 2018. The standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were analyzed by using the joinpoint regression model. The Moran’s I method was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and to further draw a spatial cluster map in Shenzhen. From 2008 to 2018, the average crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 27.1 (1/100,000), with an annual percentage change of 2.7% (p < 0.05). The largest average proportion of histological type of lung cancer was determined as adenocarcinoma (69.1%), and an increasing trend was observed in females, with an average annual percentage change of 14.7%. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated some sites in Shenzhen as a high incidence rate spatial clustering area. Understanding the incidence patterns of lung cancer is useful for monitoring and prevention.


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