Agility Testing in Youth Football (Soccer)Players; Evaluating Reliability, Validity, and Correlates of Newly Developed Testing Protocols

Reactive agility (RAG) and change of direction speed (CODS) are important determinants of success in football (soccer), but there is an evident lack of information on reliable and valid football-specific testing procedures which will be applicable in defining sport-specific RAG and CODS in youth players. This study evaluated reliability and construct validity of newly developed tests of football-specific RAG (FS_RAG) and CODS (FS_CODS), which involved the ball kicking football technique. Additionally, factors associated with FS_RAG and FS_CODS were evaluated. The participants were youth football players (n = 59; age: 13.40 ± 1.25 years) divided according to their age into U13 (11–12 years of age; n = 29), and U15 (13–14 years of age; n = 30) categories. Additionally, performance levels (starters [first-team] vs. non-starters [substitutes]) were observed in each age category. The dependent variables were newly developed FS_RAG and FS_CODS tests. The independent variables were sprinting capacities over 10 and 20 meters (S10M, S20M), countermovement jump (CMJ), the reactive strength index (RSI), and a generic CODS test of 20 yards (20Y). The newly developed FS_CODS and FS_RAG were observed as dependent variables. Results showed appropriate intra-testing and inter-testing reliability of the FS_RAG and FS_CODS, with somewhat better reliability of the FS_CODS (ICC=0.82 and 0.79, respectively). Additionally, better reliability was evidenced in U15 than in U13 (ICC: 0.82–0.85, and 0.78-0.80 for U15 and U13, respectively). Independent samples t-test indicated significant differences between U13 and U15 in S10 (t-test: 3.57, p < 0.001), S20M (t-test: 3.13, p < 0.001), 20Y (t-test: 4.89, p < 0.001), FS_RAG (t-test: 3.96, p < 0.001), and FS_CODS (t-test: 6.42, p < 0.001), with better performance in U15. Starters outperformed non-starters in most capacities among U13, but only in FS_RAG among U15 (t-test: 1.56, p < 0.05). Multiple regression calculations indicated nonsignificant association between independent and dependent variables in U13 (FS_CODS: 19%, FS_RAG: 21% of the explained variance, both p > 0.05), but independent variables explained significant proportion of both dependent variables in U15 (FS_CODS: 35%, FS_RAG: 33% explained variance, both p < 0.05). The study confirmed the applicability of newly developed tests in distinguishing studied age categories of players. Results indicate that superiority in all studied fitness capacities is translated into performance level in U13. Meanwhile, FS_RAG seems to be important determinant of quality in U15.

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Determinant of placement on the performance of the civil servant apparatus (ASN) in the mare subdistrict of bone regency

Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies ◽

10.53022/oarjms.2021.2.1.0041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 001-004

Author(s):

Abdul Rahman ◽

Muhammad Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Employee Performance ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

T Test ◽

Survey Method ◽

District Office ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

The right man in the right place and the right man behind the right job. The placement of employees becomes very important to improve employee performance including ASN in the government office of Mare Subdistrict, Bone Regency. The purpose of the study is to see the influence or role of employee placement factors on the performance of ASN employees. Apakh has a significant influence. The research was conducted on a number of ASNs in the government office of Mare District of Bone Regency. The method of data collection is done by saturated survey method (census). The method of data analysis is to use a hypothesis test, which is a t-test to see the influence of independent variables, namely placement (X) on dependent variables, namely ASN performance (Y). The results of the study obtained that the placement factor had a significant effect (real) on the performance of ASN in the District Office mare Bone Regency. This is evident from the results of the t test where the placement variable (X) has a significance value (Sig.=0.001<0.05) and is also shown from a t-calculated value (4.015) greater than the value of t-table (1,667).

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Importance of Agility Performance in Professional Futsal Players; Reliability and Applicability of Newly Developed Testing Protocols

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Damir Sekulic ◽

Nikola Foretic ◽

Barbara Gilic ◽

Michael R. Esco ◽

Raouf Hammami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

T Test ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Reactive Agility ◽

Testing Protocols ◽

Level Group ◽

Dominant Side

The purpose of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-testing reliability of newly developed tests of the change of direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG) in competitive futsal players. Additionally, the developed tests were evaluated for their validity with regard to the differentiation of two performance-levels. Thirty-two professional male futsal players (age = 26.22 ± 5.22 years; body height = 182.13 ± 5.99 cm, body mass = 77.43 ± 8.00 kg) participated in the study. The sample was divided into two groups based on their level of futsal performance: A top-level-group (n = 12) and a team-level-group (n = 20). The variables included body height, mass, body mass index, a sprint over a 10-m distance (S10M), and eight newly developed futsal specific CODS and RAG tests. The CODS and RAG tests were performed by dribbling the balls (CODS_D and RAG_D) and without dribbling (CODS_T and RAG_T), and the performances on the dominant and non-dominant sides were observed separately. All CODS, and RAG tests performed on dominant side and RAG_T tests performed on the non-dominant side had good inter-testing (CV = 5–8%; ICC = 0.76–0.89) and intra-testing (CV = 4–9%; ICC = 0.77–0.91) reliability. However, RAG_D performed on the non-dominant side was not reliable (ICC = 0.60, CV = 10%). The top-level-players outperformed the team-level-players in the CODS and RAG tests that involved dribbling (t-test: 4.28 and 2.40, p < 0.05; effect sizes (ES): 0.81 and 1.5, respectively), while the team-level players achieved better results in the CODS_T (t-test: 2.08, p < 0.05; ES: 0.60). The proposed CODS and RAG tests that involved dribbling over a 3.2-m distance, especially on the dominant side, appeared to be reliable, as well as valid for distinguishing the performance level in futsal players.

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The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Motivation Toward Agricultural Extension’s Performance at Agricultural Office of Tanggamus District

Jurnal Penyuluhan ◽

10.25015/penyuluhan.v15i1.17081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Ustina Zainal ◽

Gita Hilmi Prakoso

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Survey Research ◽

T Test ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Performance Variable ◽

Independent Variables ◽

The Third ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Agriculture Extension ◽

Dominant Influence

The most forward elements of the bureaucracy, dealing directly with farmers is agricultural extensions. Their presence is very crucial in determining the successful of development activities of farmers. The objectives of this research are (1) to investigate the influence between emotional intelligence and motivation toward agricultural extensions’ performance; (2) to investigate influence of emotional intelligence and motivation partially toward agricultural extension’s performance; (3) to prove that emotional intelligence has a dominant influence compared to motivation toward agricultural extensions’ performance. This survey research was done toward agricultural extensions at Agricultural Office of Tanggamus District. Analytical technique used in this research was multiple regressions to find out the influence of independent variables (X) which was examined simultaneously as well as partially toward dependent variables (Y).Based on the result of F-Test it is proved that independent variables affect significantly toward performance variable (Y), so that the first hypothesis is accepted. In other hand, based on T-test, it is proved that X variables partially affect significantly toward the Y variables so that the second hypothesis is accepted. Independent variables which affect dominantly is motivation variable not emotional intelligence so that the third hypothesis is rejected.Keywords: emotional intelligence, motivation, agriculture extension

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA PT SHAFCO MULTI TRADING MEDAN

AT-TAWASSUTH: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam ◽

10.30829/ajei.v5i1.8445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Yurmaini Yurmaini ◽

Karmila Karmila

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Product Quality ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Research Data ◽

T Test ◽

Linear Regression Equation ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables

This study is shown to determine the factors that influence purchasing decisions at PT. Safco Multi Trading Medan. Price and product quality as independent variables and purchasing decisions as dependent variables. The method used in this research is to use quantitative research. Data obtained and analyzed using multiple linear regression equation with the equation Y = 4.020 + 0.378X1 + 0.500X2. This analysis includes the t test in the effect of price on purchasing decisions is 3.619 with Sig 0.001 and the t test in the effect of product quality on purchasing decisions is 5.639 with Sig 0.000, R-Square of 0.391, f test of 26.355 with Sig 0.000. The results showed that the price had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at customers of PT. Shafco Multi Trading. Product quality has a positive and significant effect of 39.1% on purchasing decisions at customers of PT. Shafco Multi Trading, purchasing decision is a moderating variable in influencing product quality on purchasing decisions at PT. Shafco Multi Trading so that 60.9% is influenced by other factors not examined by researchers.

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Reliability and validity of the newly developed tests of football specific change of direction speed and reactive agility in youth players

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology ◽

10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nikola Foretic ◽

Barbara Gilic ◽

Damir Sekulic

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Body Height ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Football Players ◽

Systematic Bias ◽

Factorial Validity ◽

Specific Change ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Youth Football ◽

Reactive Agility

Purpose: Agility is an important determinant of success in football (soccer), but there is a lack of reliable and valid tests applicable in the evaluation of different agility components in youth football players. In this study we evaluated the reliability and factorial validity of the two newly developed tests of agility in male youth football players. Methods: The sample comprised 44 youth football players (all males, 14–15 years of age) who were tested on anthropometrics (body height and mass), newly developed tests of foot-ball specific reactive agility (FS-RAG) and change of direction speed (FS-CODS), one stand-ard test of CODS (20-yards), and sprinting over 20-m distance (S20M). The relative reliability is evaluated by calculation of Intra-Class-Correlation coeficients (ICC), while the absolute reliability was evaluated by calculation of the coeficient of variation (CV). Further, systematic bias was checked by analysis of variance for repeated measurements (ANOVA). The asso-ciations between studied variables were evidenced by Pearson’s correlation. Finally, factor analysis was calculated to define the factorial validity of agility tests (FS-RAG, FS-CODS, 20-yards). Results: The newly developed football-specific tests were found to be reliable, with better re-liability of FS-CODS (ICC: 0.81, CV: 6%), than of FS-RAG (ICC: 0.76, CV: 9%). The ANOVA evidenced significant (p < 0.05) learning effects for FS-RAG, but post-hoc analysis indicated stabilization of the results until the third testing trial. Factor analysis extracted one significant factor under the Guttmann-Kaiser criterion (Explained Variance: 1.67), showing the appro-priate factorial validity of newly developed tests in comparison to standard agility indicator 20-yards. Meanwhile, the significant correlations between all agility performances with S20M (Pearson’s R: 0.52–0.63; all p < 0.01) revealed that sprinting capacity significantly influence agility performances and that conditioning capacities of youth football players are not yet discriminated. Conclusion: Results showed appropriate reliability and validity of the newly developed tests of football specific change of direction speed and reactive agility. Therefore, here proposed FS-CODS and FS-RAG can be used as reliable and valid measures of agility components in youth football players. Further studies should evaluate the discriminative validity of the here proposed tests (i.e. identification of position-specific or performance-related differences), as well as reliability in younger players than those studied herein.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA PT SHAFCO MULTI TRADING MEDAN

AT-TAWASSUTH: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam ◽

10.30829/ajei.v5i2.8486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Yurmaini Yurmaini

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Product Quality ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Research Data ◽

T Test ◽

Linear Regression Equation ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Self and Peer Assessment using PBL on Student Performance and Preference: Malaysians Experience

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.24297/ijct.v4i2a2.3180 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 331-339

Author(s):

CHE KU NURAINI CHE KU MOHD ◽

Faaizah Shahbodin

Keyword(s):

Human Computer Interaction ◽

Student Performance ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

T Test ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Prototype Development ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Second Year ◽

Computer Interaction

This paper reports on the effectiveness of students performances between self and peer assessment based on students preferences. A total of 56 respondents from the second year of study at UTeM who enrolled for the Human Computer Interaction course took part in this study. Three research instruments were developed for the purpose of evaluating students performance and preferences which include a set of questionnaires, interview questions and prototype development. A t-test was conducted to analyze independent variables by self and peer assessment while students preferences and performances are dependent variables. Findings of this study revealed that students prefer peer assessment rather than self assessment. The use of courseware namely PBLAssess can increase students understanding towards the topic that has been taught. Results showed that assessment in PBL is significantly related to students performances and preferences.

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Maisyah and Culture of Work as Motivation for Work, Analysis in the General Elections Commission Secretariat (KPU) Musi Rawas Regency

EL-Ghiroh ◽

10.37092/el-ghiroh.v18i01.149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 46-67

Author(s):

Supriadi Supriadi ◽

Pasiska Pasiska

Keyword(s):

Work Motivation ◽

Critical Value ◽

T Test ◽

Average Score ◽

F Test ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

General Elections ◽

Result Analysis ◽

Test Result

This study aims to determine the effect of Maisyah and Culture of Work toward the Work Motivation Employee of General Elections Commissionof Musi Rawas regency. This study involved 4 respondents, all of which were employees of General Elections Commissionof Musi Rawas regency. To collect the data, this study used a set of questionnaires and the respond given by the sample was analyzed by (1) average score, (2) multiple linearity regression, (3)determination coefficient, (4) partial t-test and F test techniques.Based on the result analysis, it was found out that (1) there is a positive correlation between independent variables with the dependent variables, (2) the magnitude of independent variables influence toward the dependent variable was 40.40% and (3) the partial t – test and F – test result showed higher coefficient values than those on the critical value of the t and F tables. Based on these findings, it was concluded that maisyah and culture of work, separately and simultaneously, influenced the work motivation employee of General Elections Commission of Musi Rawas regency.

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Analisa Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Profitabilitas Dan Produktivitas Pada Sektor Perbankan Syariah Indonesia Cabang Kota Tangerang

CICES ◽

10.33050/cices.v4i2.502 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 155-170

Author(s):

Sendy Zul Friandi ◽

Imam Nugroho Akbar

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

T Test ◽

Islamic Banking ◽

F Test ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Productivity Data ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Data Analysis Methods ◽

Test For Normality

This study aims to determine theinfluence of intellectual capital to profitability and productivity on islamic banking in indonesia. Data obtained as many as 10 islamic banking City of Tangerang with the period from 2015 to 2017 and linked to the 3 variables of the study, namely: 1 independent variables: intellectual capital and 2 dependent variables: profitability and productivity. Data analysis methods used are test for normality, multicollinearity test, heteroskedastisitas test, autocorrelation test, a test of determination, t test and F test. The results showed that: (1) variable VACA,VAHU, STVA does not affect the profitability (ROA), (2) variable VAIC simultaneosly affects significant impact on profitability (ROA) , and (3) variable VACA, VAHU, STVA and VAIC simultaneosly affects significant impact on productivity (ATO).

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Gender Perception towards Spiritual Health Seekers Satisfaction and Service Quality at Yog Gram, Haridwar

Management Insight - The Journal of Incisive Analysers ◽

10.21844/mijia.15.1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Sunil Kumari

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Service Quality ◽

Spiritual Health ◽

T Test ◽

Male And Female ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Gender Perception ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Quality Study

Present study is evaluating gender perception towards treatment and service quality at Yog Gram. Gender is Independent variables categorised in male and female. Dependent variables are patient satisfaction and service quality. Study is based on formative scale and data is collected on deliberate sampling. Analysis is performed using software JAMOVI for computing t-test. Findings include there is significant difference found in the perception of spiritual health seekers satisfaction and service quality at Yog Gram.

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