scholarly journals Community Health Impacts of the Trident Copper Mine Project in Northwestern Zambia: Results from Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3633
Author(s):  
Astrid M. Knoblauch ◽  
Andrea Farnham ◽  
Hyacinthe R. Zabré ◽  
Milka Owuor ◽  
Colleen Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Positive Effects

The application of a health impact assessment (HIA) for a large-scale copper mining project in rural Zambia triggered the long-term monitoring and evaluation of determinants of health and health outcomes in communities living in proximity to the mine. Three consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted at intervals of four years; thus, at baseline (2011), four (2015) and eight (2019) years into the project’s development. Using the same field and laboratory procedures, the surveys allowed for determining changes in health indicators at the household level, in young children (<5 years), school attendees (9–14 years) and women (15–49 years). Results were compared between communities considered impacted by the project and communities outside the project area (comparison communities). The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection increased in both the impacted and comparison communities between 2011 and 2019 but remained consistently lower in the impacted communities. Stunting in children < 5 years and the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in children aged 9–14 years mostly decreased. In women of reproductive age, selected health indicators (i.e., anaemia, syphilis, underweight and place of delivery) either remained stable or improved. Impacted communities generally showed better health outcomes than comparison communities, suggesting that the health interventions implemented by the project as a consequence of the HIA have mitigated potential negative effects and enhanced positive effects. Caution is indicated to avoid promotion of health inequalities within and beyond the project area.

scholarly journals Using multilevel regression and poststratification to estimate physical activity levels from health surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Christofoletti ◽  
Tânia R. B. Benedetti ◽  
Felipe Goedert Mendes ◽  
Humberto M. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates

Background: Large-scale health surveys often consider sociodemographic characteristics and several health indicators influencing physical activity that often vary across units (regions or states). Data in a survey for some small units are often not representative of the larger population. This study developed a relatively simple multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) model to estimate the proportion of leisure-time physical activity across Brazilian state capitals, based on the Brazilian cross-sectional national survey VIGITEL (2018). Methods: We used various approaches to evaluate whether the MRP approach outperforms single-level aggregated estimates, with various subsample proportions tested. Results: The mean absolute errors were consistently smaller for the MRP estimates than single-level regression estimates, particularly with smaller sample sizes. MRP consistently had predictions closer to the estimation target than single-level aggregated estimations. MRP presented substantially smaller uncertainty estimates compared to aggregated estimates. Conclusions: Our results confirm that MRP is a promising strategy to derive disaggregated data for health-related outcomes and, in particular, physical activity indicators from aggregated-level surveys. Overall, the MRP is superior to single-level aggregated estimates and disaggregation, yielding smaller errors and more accurate estimates. MRP significantly expands the scope of issues for which researchers can better address participation bias and interpret interactions to estimate descriptive population quantities. The observations present in this study highlight the need for further research, potentially incorporating more information in the models to better interpret interactions and types of activities across target populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Utilization of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in Uttarakhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-132
Author(s):  
Navuluri Kranthi Kumar Reddy ◽  
Surekha Kishore ◽  
Smita Sinha ◽  
Ajeet Singh Bhadoria ◽  
Yogesh Bahurupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Service ◽  
Utilization Of Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: ICDS scheme has been playing its role effectively since 1975 when it was launched, but still there are some short comings which need to be addressed. Uttarakhand being one of the states with poor health indicators with respect to child and mother there is need to increase research on implementation of programs. Aims & Objectives: The present study was conducted to see utilization of services provided under ICDS scheme in Uttarakhand. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Uttarakhand from October 2018 to June 2019. 505 households from 16 Anganwadi centers, from both urban and rural areas of Dehradun and Haridwar districts were included. Assessment of utilization of services was done by household interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23 software. Results: Availing supplementary nutrition services was the most utilized service (94.5%) followed by health education services (88.3%), health and referral services (83.2%), preschool education services (76.7%) and least utilized service was immunization service (69.3%). Conclusion: Various factors independently affecting utilization of services were identified. Overall utilization of services is highest among pregnant women and least among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age group.

scholarly journals IMPROVING DESIGN AND DELIVERY OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES TO MEET THE UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION IN QUETTA BALOCHISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Naiha Sagheer ◽  
Saleem Ullah ◽  
Noureen Latif ◽  
Tabinda Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Approximeately 24 percent of married women of reproductive age in Pakistan would like to adopt family planning, but are unable to avail the means to practice contraception. This study has been conducted to find out frequency and perception about family planning practices and further to explore and analyze the causes of failure to meet the demand for contraception. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on married females of reproductive age group and married males while visiting the outpatient departments of two hospitals of Quetta from January to September 2017. They were interviewed by researchers through a structured, reliable and pretested questionnaire. The data obtained and analyzed by using SPSS 21 version. Results: 76% of participants were in favour of practicing yet only 33.8% had actually practiced it sometime during their reproductive years. The major reasons for not using family planning were the apprehension of harmful effects of contraceptive methods (52.6%), non-supportive partner (30%), unavailability of services (11.4%) and religious constraints (6%). The mass media was the main source of motivational information(69%) followed by Lady health workers. Conclusion: The current prevalence of family planning is still not at the expected level, There is a dire need of the continued use of mass media and services of community health workers to raise awareness. The practice of modern contraceptive methods can be enhanced by provision of client-centered quality services.. An increase in the number of family planning centers along with an efficient functioning, monitoring, and evaluation are also required to address unmet needs of the community near their doorstep.

scholarly journals Study on TT Vaccination Status of Female Students of Khulna

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Farhana Ferdaus ◽  
Susmita Nargis ◽  
Heera Lal Roy ◽  
Ehsanul Islam ◽  
Md Tazul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medicine Today

Introduction: The purpose of giving the TT vaccine to women of childbearing age and to pregnant women is to protect them from tetanus and to protect their newborn infants against neonatal tetanus. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on January, 2017 to find out the TTvaccination status of students of Khulna Government Pioneer Girls College, Khulna. During scheduled time period. Data were collected from 100 respondents selected by purposive type of convenient sampling by face to face interview using a prepared mixed type of questionnaire. Results: Among total respondent’s majority 36(36%) were belonged to 17-19 years of age group. People of our country nowadays more aware of TT vaccination as 97 (97%) of our total respondents had knowledge about TT vaccination. Achievement in TT vaccination coverage has been impressive throughout the country in recent years. It has also been reflected in our study, we had 84(84%) coverage and 55 (42%) of our respondents had completed their vaccination (5doses). Establishment and improvement of infrastructure of government health organizations 70(83.33%) of our study population received vaccination in government organization. Acceptance of TT vaccination has increased to a satisfactory level. In our study TT vaccination coverage was maximum (85.51%) in upper class and only (71.43%) in lower class respondents. Conclusion: Despite high knowledge, completion of recommended doses of TT vaccine was not guaranteed due to stock-outs coupled with detrimental cultural and religious beliefs.That is why large scale study is needed to find out TT coverage among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) of Bangladesh which can ensure the real scenario as well as factors related to this. Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 117-119

scholarly journals A county-level cross-sectional analysis of positive deviance to assess multiple population health outcomes in Indiana

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hendryx ◽  
Lucia Guerra-Reyes ◽  
Benjamin D Holland ◽  
Michael Dean McGinnis ◽  
Emily Meanwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
County Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Better Than

ObjectiveTo test a positive deviance method to identify counties that are performing better than statistical expectations on a set of population health indicators.DesignQuantitative, cross-sectional county-level secondary analysis of risk variables and outcomes in Indiana. Data are analysed using multiple linear regression to identify counties performing better or worse than expected given traditional risk indicators, with a focus on ‘positive deviants’ or counties performing better than expected.ParticipantsCounties in Indiana (n=92) constitute the unit of analysis.Main outcome measuresPer cent adult obesity, per cent fair/poor health, low birth weight per cent, per cent with diabetes, years of potential life lost, colorectal cancer incidence rate and circulatory disease mortality rate.ResultsCounty performance that outperforms expectations is for the most part outcome specific. But there are a few counties that performed particularly well across most measures.ConclusionsThe positive deviance approach provides a means for state and local public health departments to identify places that show better health outcomes despite demographic, social, economic or behavioural disadvantage. These places may serve as case studies or models for subsequent investigations to uncover best practices in the face of adversity and generalise effective approaches to other areas.

scholarly journals Risk Factors in Patients with Intrauterine Fetal Death at Tertiary Referral Centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Subhash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Among various community health indicators available for measurement of quality and impact of health services in developing countries, perinatal mortality accounts one of the top most single indicators even today. Documentation and evaluation of the etiology and the associated risk factors for stillbirth is required in order to decrease the fetal mortality rate and to devise plan in maternal health sector. Objective: To find out common risk factors in patient and its association with intrauterine fetal death. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of OBSGYN, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from Jan 2018 to September 2019.Cases of multiple pregnancies, intrapartum death and fetal death diagnosed before 28th weeks of gestation were excluded. After exclusion, 65 cases of intrauterine fetal death were studied. Results: Majority (78.4%) of the patients with IUFD belonged to the reproductive age group(20-35yrs) and (15.4%) belong to <19yrs (p=0.008) associated with illiteracy (84.6%). More than half (58.5%) had at least one ANC visit and were primigravida (17%) with preterm (63.07%). Hypertensive disorder was the commonest obstetric complication in these mothers (36.92%) followed by unexplained (26.15%), anaemia (18.46%), PROM (15.4%), APH (13.8%). Most of the babies were low birth weight (63.69%) and majority were males (63.1%). Conclusion: Majority of the risk factors found in the present study were preventable. Stillbirth rate can be reduced by proper management of these risk factors during antenatal care and intrapartum care.

scholarly journals Increased Work from Home and Low Back Pain among Japanese Desk Workers during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12363
Author(s):  
Akira Minoura ◽  
Tomohiro Ishimaru ◽  
Akatsuki Kokaze ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home

To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), desk workers in Japan have been encouraged to work from home. Due to rapidly increased working from home, working in environments that are not properly designed and working with poor posture can affect low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to examine the relationship between increased work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic and LBP among Japanese desk workers. Using study data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey 2020 conducted from August to September 2020, 4227 desk workers who did not have LBP before the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed out of 25,482 total respondents. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LBP were calculated by multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for covariates such as socioeconomic factors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 31.3% of desk workers with an increased chance of working from home, and 4.1% had LBP. Desk workers with increased working from home were more likely to have LBP (OR: 2.00 (95% CI, 1.36–2.93)). In this large-scale study, increased work from home was associated with LBP among desk workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, preparing an appropriate work environment for desk workers working from home can improve productivity, leading to positive effects.

DOES CHILDHOOD NUTRITION PREDICT HEALTH OUTCOMES DURING ADULTHOOD? EVIDENCE FROM A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN CHINA

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAQIANG QI ◽  
JIANLIN NIU
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

SummaryUsing data collected from the 2008 survey of Internal Migration and Health in China, this study examines the impact of late childhood nutrition intakes on a wide range of indicators of adult health. The results show that respondents who consume rich nutrients (meat, fish, milk, etc.) less frequently during late childhood have worse health outcomes when they grow up. They are more likely to rate their health as ‘fair/poor’, report a greater number of chronic diseases, have a higher incidence of acute illness, perceive greater numbers of physical pains/discomforts and to suffer more from insomnia and depression. With respect to objective biometrics, respondents who have less access to rich nutrients at age 14 tend to attain a shorter stature, gain more weight as an adult, and are more likely to become obese or have low lung capacity. Taken together, the evidence in support of a harmful impact of late childhood undernutrition on adult health is stronger and more consistent for subjective health indicators than for the objective biometrics examined in this study. Moreover, the results also indicate that the long-term health impact of late childhood nutrition deprivation is especially detrimental for females in China.

Toward a Biology of Social Support

2009 ◽  
pp. 518-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally S. Dickerson ◽  
Peggy M. Zoccola
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range

The presence of close, supportive ties to others can have a wide range of positive effects on health; certain biological processes may play a key role in linking positive social relationships to salubrious health outcomes. In this chapter, we review the research that connects the presence of strong, supportive social ties to positive physiological functioning, with an underlying emphasis on the implications for health and disease. Cross-sectional and prospective studies demonstrate that high levels of social integration and/or social support are associated with positive biological profiles (e.g., lower levels of neuroendocrine activity, better functioning of the immune system), whereas social isolation and loneliness can have detrimental effects on these parameters. Other research provides evidence for the stress-buffering hypothesis; social support exerts beneficial effects via a downregulation of stress responses, including dampened sympathetic and neuroendocrine activity. Conversely, deficient social relationships or social conflict has been linked with negative biological profiles. Emerging animal and human research suggests that oxytocin and endogenous opioids may underlie some of these physiological and health effects. Further elucidating the pathways through which social support could influence health outcomes could subsequently be used to develop theoretically sound interventions to optimize physiological functioning and health.

scholarly journals Adults with Greater Weight Satisfaction Report More Positive Health Behaviors and Have Better Health Status Regardless of BMI

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Blake ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Swann A. Adams ◽  
Susan E. Steck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Weight Satisfaction ◽  
Complex Relationships

Background.Prior studies suggest that weight satisfaction may preclude changes in behavior that lead to healthier weight among individuals who are overweight or obese.Objective.To gain a better understanding of complex relationships between weight satisfaction, weight-related health behaviors, and health outcomes.Design.Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS).Participants.Large mixed-gender cohort of primarily white, middle-to-upper socioeconomic status (SES) adults with baseline examination between 1987 and 2002 (n=19,003).Main Outcome Variables.Weight satisfaction, weight-related health behaviors, chronic health conditions, and clinical health indicators.Statistical Analyses Performed.Chi-square test,t-tests, and linear and multivariate logistic regression.Results.Compared to men, women were more likely to be dieting (32% women; 18% men) and had higher weight dissatisfaction. Men and women with greater weight dissatisfaction reported more dieting, yo-yo dieting, and snacking and consuming fewer meals, being less active, and having to eat either more or less than desired to maintain weight regardless of weight status. Those who were overweight or obese and dissatisfied with their weight had the poorest health.Conclusion.Greater satisfaction with one’s weight was associated with positive health behaviors and health outcomes in both men and women and across weight status groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document