Prenatal Mercury Exposure in Pregnant Women from Suriname’s Interior and Its Effects on Birth Outcomes

Prenatal mercury (Hg) exposure was determined in a sub-cohort of the Caribbean Consortium for Environmental and Occupational Health’s environmental epidemiologic prospective cohort study of pregnant women living in Suriname’s interior. The associations between Hg exposure, low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) and preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks) were explored. Correlation analysis, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between maternal hair Hg levels and birth weight, LBW and PTB, and between potential confounders, LBW and PTB, respectively. Among 204 singleton births were 198 live births, five stillbirths and one miscarriage. The mean participant age was 26 years; 15.7% of participants had PTBs and 8.1% delivered a child with a LBW. The median hair Hg level was 3.48 μg/g hair. Low hair Hg exposure, based on lowest tertile < 2.34 μg/g, was associated with LBW (OR = 7.2; 95% CI 1.5–35.6; p = 0.015); this association was independent of maternal age, ethnic background, household income and village location, and no correlation was found between hair Hg and PTB. Young maternal age was associated with PTB (RR = 5.09, 95% CI: 1.92–13.85; p = 0.0004) while maternal age was not associated with hair Hg or LBW. The impact of prenatal Hg exposure on pediatric neurodevelopment is currently being evaluated in the infant sub-cohort.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfamethoxazole Pyrimethamine on Pregnant Women and Newborns at Bon Samaritain Hospital in N'Djamena, Chad.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-427486/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ngaba Ngardig Neguemadji ◽

Obélix Askemdet ◽

Namrata Hange ◽

Maria Kezia Lourdes Ligsay Pormento ◽

Zeryab Ghous Dogar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Placental Malaria ◽

Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Secondary School Education ◽

Mosquito Nets ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: The Chadian government established a program of free intermittent preventive treatment withsulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) for pregnant women. This program estimated the impact of IPTp-SP onthe malarial prevalence among women and newborn children, a study was planned for pregnant women whoconsulted in the Bon samaritain hospital in NDja mena, Chad.Methods: This 14 month study was conducted on 149 pregnant women. They were followed until delivery foroutcomes such as malaria attacks, anemia and placental malaria, low birth weight and prematurity in newborns.Data was collected with the help of a pretested questionnaire. Data was analysed with SPSS and R studio, Oddsrisk was calculated.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 25.8 ś 6.2 years with 72.5% under the age of 20 years,and half were housewives with a secondary school education. More than half of the pregnant women (84,56.3%) never used insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Among the 149 study participants, (64, 42,95%) received3 doses of IPTp-SP, while 31( 20.8%) did not receive any dose of IPTp-SP. Only 30% (45) of the total 149participants reported to be malaria positive; while 28.9% (43) were diagnosed with placental malaria. Of the43 placenta malaria cases, 21(48.83%) had not received SP. Most of the lower birth weight babies with weight< 2500g (40,81.64%) were reported in pregnant mothers who have reported administration of one or no doseof SP. Out of 31 pregnant women, 21 (67.7%) without IPTp-SP had reported at least one attack of malariaduring their pregnancy compared to 22 women out of 118(18.7%) of those who had at least one dose ofSulfamethoxazole pyrimethamine (p = 0.001 ). Out of 31 pregnant women who have not received IPTp-SP,26 women (83.9%) reported anaemiaw ith Hb <10.5g/dl while 17 (65.4%) with severeanemia Hb <8g/dl .Conclusion: The maternal rate of attack of malaria, placenta infestation, maternal anemia,and low birth weightbabies decrease considerably with administration of three or more doses of s ulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

Download Full-text

Quantitative Research of Capillaries in Terminal Villi of Mature Placentae

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2010.2714 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zlata Žigić ◽

Sergije Marković ◽

Đurđica Grbeša ◽

Suada Ramić ◽

Almir Halilović

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Surface Area ◽

Surface Density ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Volume Density ◽

Mean Value ◽

Capillary Surface ◽

Terminal Villi ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Advanced maternal age is known to be a risk factor for placental dysfunctions. The most common obstetric complications among older women would be considered as follows: gestational diabetes; preeclampsia; placenta praevia; preterm premature rupture of membranes and the risk of preterm delivery. The aims of research were to determine the impact of maternal age on the structure of terminal villi. The study was conducted on 60 human placentae of term pregnancy divided into two groups: the control group (30 placentae in pregnant women of age between 20 and 34) and the experimental group (30 placentae in pregnant women of 35 years of age and older). Stereological methods were applied to determine the volume density, surface density, total volume and total capillary surface area in terminal villi of placenta. The mean value of volume density of capillaries in terminal villi of placentae in older pregnant women is: Vvkks = (0,376 ± 0,033) mm°, and the mean value of total volume is: Vkks = (157,047 ± 25,022) cm3. The mean value of surface density is: Svkks = (64,783 ± 2,543) mm-1, and the mean value of total surface area is: Skks = (29,959 ± 7,873) m2. Volume density of capillaries in terminal villi of placentae is significantly lower in older pregnant women (p<0,001) in comparison to the younger pregnant women. The total volume, surface density and total capillary surface area in terminal villi of placentae are also significantly lower in older pregnant women (p<0,005) in comparison to the younger pregnant women. Statistically significant lower values of volume density, total volume, surface density and total capillary surface area indicate that there is a decreased metabolic transfer between mother and foetus.

Download Full-text

RELATIONSHIP AMONG MATERNAL, PRENATAL AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN RANGELI MUNICIPALITY OF NEPAL

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.2279 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 204-210

Author(s):

Asmita Mahato ◽

Barsha Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Heart Rate ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Fetal Heart ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Newborn Weight ◽

The Mean

Background: The incidence of pregnancy complications may be due to risk factors during pregnancy. Whether maternal parameters like age, gravida/ parity, gestational age, and fetal heart rate have any influence to the delivery outcome and newborn weight is a big quest. A young age at birth is more common in Nepal and carries a less social stigma, and hence enforces this study to understand the impact. Objective and methodology: The objectives of this retrospective study were to evaluate the maternal and prenatal outcomes of pregnancies and the effects of the age of the pregnancy, gravida, gestational age, and newborn weight. Pregnant women giving birth in Rangeli Hospital, Morang (Nepal) in 2019 were retrospectively screened. Pregnant women of all age group were included in this study. Results: Mean maternal age for delivery of child was 22.45 ±0.225 years. 41.9% of study subjects were primigravida (G1), while 58.1% were multi-gravida (G2-4). The mean age of primigravida is 20.57 ±0.025 years. Mean gestational week, fetal heart rate (FHR), and newborn weight were 38.18 ±0.11, 140.91 ±0.43, and 2870.65 ±26.13 g respectively. Almost one-third (32.1%) of the newborn were preterm babies. 20.9% of the newborn child was low birth weight. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was seen in 90.7% of the pregnancy while 7.9% had caesarean section. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was seen of age with gravida, parity, and newborn weight. Newborn weight was significantly related to gestational age. There is no significant difference between the mean maternal age of mother delivering preterm baby or term-baby. No significant difference in the mean age of the mother or the mean gestational duration between male and female children could be established. Significant mean differences were seen in the maternal age of LBW child and normal birth weight child.

Download Full-text

Advanced Maternal Age and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999201009160848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Omani-Samani ◽

Saman Maroufizadeh ◽

Nafise Saedi ◽

Nasim Shokouhi ◽

Arezoo Esmailzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Advanced Maternal Age ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

Background: Advanced maternal age is an important predictor for maternal and neonatal outcomes such as maternal mortality, low birth weight, stillbirth, preterm birth, cesarean section and preeclampsia. Objective: To determine the association of advanced maternal age and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 5117 pregnant women from 103 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were participated in the study in 2015. The required data were gathered from hospitals which equipped to the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Advanced maternal age was considered as an independent variable and unwanted pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section and low birth weight were considered as interested outcomes. Results: In our study, the prevalence of advanced maternal age was 12.08%. Advanced maternal age was significantly associated with higher risk of unwanted pregnancy (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73), preterm birth (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28- 2.39) and cesarean section (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.74). In our study, there was no significant relationship between advanced maternal age and preeclampsia but this relationship could be clinically important (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.99-2.20, P=0.052), and there is no significant relationship between advanced maternal age and low birth weight (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.67-1.74, P=0.736). Conclusion: Advanced maternal age is associated with higher risk of unintended pregnancy, preterm birth and cesarean section but our findings did not support advanced maternal age as a risk factor associated with low birth weight.

Download Full-text

The relation between second-trimester placental elasticity and poor obstetric outcomes in low-risk pregnancies

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Murat Akbas ◽

Faik Mumtaz Koyuncu ◽

Burcu Artunç-Ülkümen ◽

Gökce Akbas

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Value Added ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Low Risk ◽

Obstetric Outcomes ◽

Second Trimester ◽

The Mean ◽

Random Measurements

AbstractObjectivesIncreased placental stiffness is associated with various pathological conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the relation between the second-trimester placental elasticity value in low-risk pregnant women and poor obstetric outcomes.MethodsA total of 143 pregnant women were enrolled. Placental elasticity values were measured using the transabdominal point shear wave elastography method. 10 random measurements were obtained from different areas of the placenta. The mean was accepted as the mean placental elasticity value. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent variables associated with obstetric outcomes.ResultsSecond-trimester placental elasticity value was significantly and positively associated with the poor obstetric outcomes (p=0.038). We could predict a poor outcome with 69.2% sensitivity and 60.7% specificity if we defined the placental elasticity cut-off as 3.19 kPa. Furthermore, in the multiple regression model, the placental elasticity value added significantly to the prediction of birth weight (p=0.043).ConclusionsOur results showed that the pregnancies with a stiffer placenta in the second trimester were associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting poor obstetric outcomes. Also, placental elasticity was independently associated with birth weight.

Download Full-text

Lamb survival in two hill flocks

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100033225 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A. F. Purser ◽

G. B. Young

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Age Structure ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Mean ◽

Lamb Survival

The effects of birth weight, maternal age and parity on survival of single lambs have been studied in a Blackface and a Welsh Mountain flock.In both flocks the maximum survival rate was found to occur among lambs with birth weights just above the mean. Mortality increased as lambs' birth weight increased or decreased from the optimum, but was especially heavy at the lower extreme of the range of birth weights.Mortality decreased with age of dam to 14·3% for lambs from 4- to 6-year-old Blackface ewes and to 9·4% for lambs of 3- to 4-year-old Welsh ewes. Ewes having their first lambs gave mortality rates twice as great as for the mature ewes in the same flocks. The lower chances of survival of first born lambs irrespective of dam's age accounts for the apparent trend of mortality with maternal age in the Blackface.Changes in mortality rates associated with variation in lamb's birth weight and with the age structure of the ewe flock were estimated. Possible means of improvement of survival rate are discussed.

Download Full-text

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Published Pregnancy Cases

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.558144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Carina Rodrigues ◽

Inês Baía ◽

Rosa Domingues ◽

Henrique Barros

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Study Quality ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Live Births ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging concern regarding the potential adverse effects during pregnancy. This study reviews knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and describes the outcome of published cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science®, and MedRxiv® up to 26th June 2020, using PRISMA standards, to identify original published studies describing pregnant women at any gestational age diagnosed COVID-19. There were no date or language restrictions on the search. All identified studies were included irrespective of assumptions on study quality.Results: We identified 161 original studies reporting 3,985 cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 (1,007 discharged while pregnant). The 2,059 published cases with pregnancy outcomes resulted in 42 abortions, 21 stillbirths, and 2,015 live births. Preterm birth occurred in 23% of cases. Around 6% of pregnant women required admission to an intensive care unit and 28 died. There were 10 neonatal deaths. From the 163 cases with amniotic fluid, placenta, and/or cord blood analyzed for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10 were positive. Sixty-one newborns were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four breast milk samples from 92 cases showed evidence of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Emerging evidence suggests that vertical transmission is possible, however, there is still a limited number of reported cases with intrapartum samples. Information, counseling and adequate monitoring are essential to prevent and manage adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Neonatal malformations: organization of information flows in the S. Anna Hospital of Torino

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

V Bordino ◽

A Musso ◽

F Bert ◽

R Siliquini

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Congenital Malformations ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Health Planning ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Live Births ◽

Regional Health Planning ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Congenital malformations (CMs) represent a serious public health problem, both in terms of size (3% newborns/year) and severity of outcomes. The surveillance activity carried out by the Registers is an important tool for monitoring the frequency of events, to evaluate etiology, support research and public health actions. The aim is to evaluate the organization and the information network related to the diagnosis of malformation in the S. Anna presidium. Methods the retrospective study analyzed all newborns with one or more CM and all cases of TOPFA (Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Anomaly) for CMs in the period 01/2020 - 01/2021. A forward-looking pilot study was then set up to assess the impact on the quality of data collection through the introduction of a MC sheet. Results 510 cases of CMs were found in live births, 180 in TOPFA for CMs and 4 in stillbirths. The duration of hospitalizations averaged 14.5 days (σ 36.56), with a median of 4 days. In the CMs group, an average maternal age of 33.40 years (σ 9.32), a median of 33 years and a mode of 33 years were calculated, in the TOPFA group an average maternal age of 34 years (σ 6.34), a median of 34 years and a mode of 32 years. In the live births group, 701 maternal diagnoses were detected, categorized and compared with the various national reports. The MC Sheet was compiled for 60 patients, 16 (4.30%) patients before the introduction of the sheet (01/2020 - 09/2020) and 44 (30.43%) after its introduction (10/2020 - 01/2021). Regarding the assessment of the proper use of ICD9CM an adequacy of 78% was observed in the first group vs one of 100% in the second. Conclusions Our preliminary data assess the need for a Regional registry, for a comparison with the main national and regional sources available (also with a view to possible participation in the EUROCAT and ICBDSR registers) and for regional health planning. Key messages The study underlines the need for a Regional Registry of congenital malformations. The clinical file is not always a complete source for analysing data on congenital malformations.

Download Full-text

Faktor Risiko Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Makassar

Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi ◽

10.33490/b.v1i1.205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Hatijar Hatijar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Health Workers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies

Low birth weight babies are babies born with a weight less than 2500 grams. LBW (low birth weight) affects the high mortality rate in infants and is at risk of experiencing obstacles in growth and development. LBW is generally caused due to lack of nutrition and nutritional needs from mother to fetus while pregnant women aged less than 20 years and more than 35 years have the risk of giving birth to LBW. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that cause LBW based on maternal age and nutritional status. The research method used was observational with a cross sectional study approach. The sampling technique was random sampling at the Regional Haji Makassar General Hospital in the January to July 2015 period with a total sample of 65 people. Analysis using the Chi Square Test. The results showed that there was a relationship between maternal age, nutritional status of LBW with a value (p value = 0.00 <α = 0.05). Maternal age and nutritional status are factors that influence low birth weight where the results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between maternal age and nutritional status on the incidence of low birth weight. To reduce the incidence of low birth weight, it is necessary to increase counseling about the causes of low birth weight babies by health workers, especially midwives to pregnant women to prevent the risk of low birth weight birth.

Download Full-text

Mean Placental Birth Weight Ratio at Term in Primigravidae

10.53350/pjmhs2115113496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3496-3498

Author(s):

Nazia Muneer ◽

Shamaila Shamaun ◽

Afshan Shahid ◽

Riffat Jaleel ◽

Mehreen Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Operational Definition ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Objective: To determine the mean placental birth weight ratio at term in primigravidae Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Civil Hospital Karachi, duration was six months after the approval of synopsis from 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2016 Subjects and Methods: A total of pregnant women who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included in this study. After delivery, baby was weighed by using weight machine and weight of baby was also noted (as per operational definition). After expulsion of complete placenta, placental weight was measured by using weight machine. The placental-birth weight ratio (PBWR) were calculated as ratio of placental weight to neonatal weight multiplied by 100. Results: Mean ± SD of maternal age was 24.77±4.04 with C.I (24.11----25.42) years. Mean ± SD of placental weight was 505.84±99.97 with C.I (489.71----521.97) grams. Out of 150 neonatal babies 101 (67.3%) were male and 49 (32.7%) were female. Mean placental birth weight ratio was found to be 16.82±2.63 with C.I (16.39----17.24). Conclusion: It is to be concluded that placental weight increased according to the birth weight. The placental weight to birth weight ratio decreased slightly with advancing gestational age. Keywords: Placental weight, Birth weight ratio, Labour at term, Primigravidae

Download Full-text