Obesity in Young Adulthood: The Role of Physical Activity Level, Musculoskeletal Pain, and Psychological Distress in Adolescence (The HUNT-Study)

The global obesity epidemic raises long-term health concerns which underline the importance of preventive efforts. We aimed to investigate individual and combined effects of common health problems in adolescence on the probability of obesity in young adulthood. This prospective population-based study included data from participants in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway (Young-HUNT1 (1995–1997), age 13–19, baseline) who participated in HUNT3 as young adults 11 years later (age 23–31). Exposure variables at baseline included self-reported physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, and psychological distress. We examined associations between exposure variables and the main outcome of obesity in young adulthood (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) using univariate and multiple logistic regression, stratified by sex. Probabilities of obesity for given combinations of the exposure variables were visualized in risk matrixes. The study sample consisted of 1859 participants (43.6% boys). Higher probabilities of obesity in young adulthood were found across combinations of lower physical activity levels and presence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescence. Additional adverse effects of psychological distress were low. Proactive intervention strategies to promote physical activity and facilitate sports participation for all adolescents, whilst addressing musculoskeletal pain and its potential individual causes, could prove helpful to prevent development of obesity in young adulthood.

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Sport participation and physical activity level in relation to musculoskeletal pain in a population-based sample of adolescents: The Young-HUNT Study

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.05.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 119-119

Author(s):

M.H. Guddal ◽

M.C. Småstuen ◽

S. Stensland ◽

M.B. Johnsen ◽

J.A. Zwart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Large Population ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Population Based ◽

Activity Level ◽

Health Study ◽

Body Region ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aims Studies have shown conflicting results regarding associations between physical activity (PA) and musculoskeletal pain among adolescents, and few have evaluated the impact of sport participation. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the associations between sport participation and persistent weekly pain by body region in a population-based sample of adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from the adolescent part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT3) were used. Participants were asked how often during the last 3 months they had experienced pain in the neck-and-shoulders (NSP), low back (LBP) or lower extremities (LEP). The impact of sport participation and PA level on pain was evaluated using logistic regression analyses, stratified by gender, and adjusted for age, socioeconomic status and psychological distress. Results In total, 3765 boys and 3831 girls were included, mean age 15.8 years (SD 1.7). NSP was most prevalent (17%). Adolescents who participated in endurance sports had lower odds of NSP and LBP compared to non-participants. Participation in technical sports was associated with increased odds of LBP, and participation in team sports with increased odds of LEP, vs. no participation in the respective sports. Participation in strength sports and risk sports, vs. no participation, was related to higher levels of pain in all regions. Compared to a low PA level, a moderate PA level reduced the odds of NSP and LBP, whereas a high PA level increased the odds of LEP. Conclusion This study identified sports potentially protective, as well as sports associated with higher odds of NSP, LBP and LEP in a large population-based sample, and has increased the understanding of participation in sports as potential determinants of musculoskeletal pain among adolescents. Our findings highlight that types of sport adolescents participate in should be considered by healthcare professionals when evaluating their musculoskeletal pain.

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PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND HIGH SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST IN ELDERLY

Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre o Envelhecimento ◽

10.22456/2316-2171.98245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Dos Santos ◽

Luciano Alves da Cruz Junior ◽

Luara Costa Fagunde ◽

Jessica Meira Mendes ◽

Thais Alves Brito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽

Physical Activity Levels

During aging, an increase in sedentary behaviour and a decrease in physical activity levels are observed. These factors may increase abdominal adiposity and triglyceride levels, which characterizes the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype, providing a high risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist, physical activity level and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling elderly. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 316 elderlies (≥ 60 years) of both genders. The hypertriglyceridemic waist was diagnosed using high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl) and increased waist circumference ≥ 88 and ≥ 102 cm values for women and men, respectively. The physical activity level and sedentary behaviour were evaluated using the IPAQ. The study included 173 women (54.7%) and 143 men (45.3%), with a mean age of 74.2 ± 9.8 years. The prevalence of HW was 27.1%, 47.7% insufficiently active and 24.1% high sedentary behaviour. The insufficiently active elderly (OR= 2.48; 95% CI: 1.31 - 4.71; p= 0.005) and with high sedentary behaviour (OR= 2.21; 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.32; p= 0.038) were associated positively with HW, indicating that elderly with insufficient physical activity levels and high sedentary behaviour showed themselves to approximately 2.5 and 2.2 times more likely to develop HW, respectively. Low physical activity level and high sedentary behaviour are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in community-dwelling elderly.

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Longitudinal Changes of Aerobic Fitness in Youth Ages 12 to 23

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.1.3.257 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 257-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Han C.G. Kemper ◽

Robbert Verschuur ◽

Langha de Mey

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Body Fat ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Activity Level ◽

Health Study ◽

Physiological Variables

In the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study, 103 girls and 97 boys were studied five times on a longitudinal basis over a period of 8 years, covering the teenage years from 12 to 17 until young adulthood at 22/23 years. Measured were anthropometric variables such as height, weight (BW), and body fat, and physiological variables such as maximal aerobic power (V̇O2max) and endurance performance (max slope). During the teenage period, V̇O2max/BW remains constant in boys and decreases in girls whereas endurance performance increases in boys and remains constant in girls. By young adulthood V̇O2max/BW and maximal slope have declined in both sexes, and in the case of females are even lower than at the beginning of their teens. Boys superiority in aerobic fitness and the decline in aerobic fitness in both sexes is mainly caused by the differences in the intensity of daily physical activity level.

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Headache and peak oxygen uptake: The HUNT3 study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102415597528 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Knut Hagen ◽

Ulrik Wisløff ◽

Øyvind Ellingsen ◽

Lars Jacob Stovner ◽

Mattias Linde

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Health Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Evidence on the association between headache and physical fitness is conflicting. The aim of this population-based study was to examine the relationship between peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and headache, including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). Methods In the third Nord-Trøndelag Health study (HUNT3), VO2peak was measured by ergospirometry in a sample of 4631 healthy adult participants. Of these, 3899 (54% women) also answered headache questions. The cross-sectional association between headache and VO2peak was evaluated by logistic regression using a categorical approach based on quintiles. Scores in the upper quintile were used as reference. Results Participants age 20–50 years had significant trends of increasing prevalence of any headache ( p < 0.001), migraine ( p < 0.001), TTH ( p = 0.002) and unclassified headache ( p = 0.027) with lower VO2peak. The highest prevalence odds ratios (ORs) were found in those with VO2peak in the lower quintile: For any headache the OR was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (1.6–3.3), for TTH 1.8 (1.2–2.8), for unclassified headache 1.9 (1.1–3.8), and for migraine 3.7 (2.1–6.6). Similar results were also found among those who reported physical activity levels in accordance with current recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine but nevertheless had low VO2peak. Being in the lowest VO2peak quintile was also strongly associated with migraine aggravated by physical activity (OR 4.1, 2.1–8.1). No significant association was found between VO2peak and headache for those 50 years or older. Conclusions In this large cross-sectional study, an inverse relationship was found between VO2peak and headache for adults younger than 50 years of age.

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Later sleep timing predicts accelerated summer weight gain among elementary school children: a prospective observational study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01165-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennette P. Moreno ◽

Javad Razjouyan ◽

Houston Lester ◽

Hafza Dadabhoy ◽

Mona Amirmazaheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Observational Study ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Obesity Prevention ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

School Year ◽

Children’S Sleep

Abstract Objectives and background Social demands of the school-year and summer environment may affect children’s sleep patterns and circadian rhythms during these periods. The current study examined differences in children’s sleep and circadian-related behaviors during the school-year and summer and explored the association between sleep and circadian parameters and change in body mass index (BMI) during these time periods. Methods This was a prospective observational study with 119 children ages 5 to 8 years with three sequential BMI assessments: early school-year (fall), late school-year (spring), and beginning of the following school-year in Houston, Texas, USA. Sleep midpoint, sleep duration, variability of sleep midpoint, physical activity, and light exposure were estimated using wrist-worn accelerometry during the school-year (fall) and summer. To examine the effect of sleep parameters, physical activity level, and light exposure on change in BMI, growth curve modeling was conducted controlling for age, race, sex, and chronotype. Results Children’s sleep midpoint shifted later by an average of 1.5 h during summer compared to the school-year. After controlling for covariates, later sleep midpoints predicted larger increases in BMI during summer, (γ = .0004, p = .03), but not during the school-year. Sleep duration, sleep midpoint variability, physical activity levels, and sedentary behavior were not associated with change in BMI during the school-year or summer. Females tended to increase their BMI at a faster rate during summer compared to males, γ = .06, p = .049. Greater amounts of outdoor light exposure (γ = −.01, p = .02) predicted smaller increases in school-year BMI. Conclusions Obesity prevention interventions may need to target different behaviors depending on whether children are in or out of school. Promotion of outdoor time during the school-year and earlier sleep times during the summer may be effective obesity prevention strategies during these respective times.

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Leisure time physical activity throughout adulthood is associated with lower medicare costs: evidence from the linked NIH-AARP diet and health study cohort

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e001038

Author(s):

Diarmuid Coughlan ◽

Pedro F Saint-Maurice ◽

Susan A Carlson ◽

Janet Fulton ◽

Charles E Matthews

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthcare Costs ◽

Middle Age ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Later Life ◽

Health Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Medicare Costs

BackgroundThere is limited information about the association between long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) participation and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LTPA over adulthood with later life healthcare costs in the USA.MethodsUsing Medicare claims data (between 1999 and 2008) linked to the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study, we examined associations between nine trajectories of physical activity participation throughout adulthood with Medicare costs.ResultsCompared with adults who were consistently inactive from adolescence into middle age, average annual healthcare costs were significantly lower for maintainers, adults who maintained moderate (–US$1350 (95% CI: –US$2009 to –US$690) or −15.9% (95% CI: −23.6% to −8.1%)) or high physical activity levels (–US$1200 (95% CI: –US$1777 to –US$622) or −14.1% (95% CI: −20.9% to −7.3%)) and increasers, adults who increased physical activity levels in early adulthood (–US$1874 (95% CI: US$2691 to –US$1057) or −22.0% (95% CI: −31.6% to −12.4%)) or in middle age (–US$824 (95% CI: –US$1580 to –US$69 or −9.7% (95% CI −18.6% to −0.8%)). For the four trajectories where physical activity decreased, the only significant difference was for adults who increased physical activity levels during early adulthood with a decline in middle age (–US$861 (95% CI:–US$1678 to –US$45) or −10.1% (95% CI: −19.7% to −0.5%)).ConclusionOur analyses suggest the healthcare cost burden in later life could be reduced through promotion efforts supporting physical activity participation throughout adulthood.

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Choroidal Thickness and Volume Modifications Induced by Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000511201 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gema Insa-Sánchez ◽

Lorena Fuentes-Broto ◽

Alberto Cobos ◽

Elvira Orduna Hospital ◽

Francisco Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Activity Level ◽

Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Imaging Protocol ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and volume (CV) following aerobic physical exercise in healthy young adults. Methods: This study included 72 eyes from healthy volunteers between 22 and 37 years old. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed. Measurements using an autorefractometer, ocular biometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using the Enhanced Depth Imaging protocol were taken. OCT was performed as a baseline measurement and after performing 10 min of dynamic physical exercise (3 and 10 min post-exercise). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, and the CT and CV in different areas from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid were obtained. Results: In healthy adults, at 3 min post-exercise, CT was higher in the subfoveal, the 3-mm nasal, and the 6-mm superior areas. Between 3 and 10 min post-exercise, the CT was reduced in all areas, and in some areas, the values were even smaller than the baseline measurements. The CV values showed changes after exercise similar to those of thickness. The total CV recovery after exercise was related to sex and physical activity level. Conclusion: Individuals with higher physical activity habits had greater CV at rest than those with lower physical activity levels. During exercise, healthy young people adjust CT and CV. At 3 min post-exercise, CT and CV increase. Women and individuals with greater physical activity levels reduce their total CV more than others during recovery.

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Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: an internet-based survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10470-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paulo José Puccinelli ◽

Taline Santos da Costa ◽

Aldo Seffrin ◽

Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽

Rodrigo Luiz Vancini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mood State ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a strong negative impact on economic and social life worldwide. It has also negatively influenced people’s general health and quality of life. The aim of the present study was to study the impact of social distancing on physical activity level, and the association between mood state (depression and anxiety level) or sex with actual physical activity levels, the change in physical activity caused by social distancing period, the adhesion level to social distancing, the adoption time of social distancing, family income and age. Methods A self-administered questionnaire with personal, quarantine, physical activity, and mood state disorders information’s was answered by 2140 Brazilians of both sex who were recruited through online advertising. Results The physical activity level adopted during the period of social distancing (3.5 ± 0.8) was lower than that the adopted prior to the pandemic period (2.9 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). Thirty percent of the participants presented symptoms of moderate/severe depression and 23.3% displayed moderate/severe anxiety symptoms. A greater presence of symptoms related to anxiety and depression were associated with low physical activity levels, low family monthly income, and younger age. A higher percentage of men who had no mood disorders was observed among those who were very active than among those less active. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on physical activity. Those who reduced their level of physical activity had the highest levels of mood disorders. Therefore, physical activity programs should be encouraged, while respecting the necessary social distancing to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

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