scholarly journals Social Inequalities and Loneliness as Predictors of Ageing Well: A Trend Analysis Using Mixed Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Klein ◽  
Olaf von dem Knesebeck ◽  
Daniel Lüdecke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Over Time

Background: This study examines if education, income, and loneliness are associated with physical functioning and optimism in an ageing population in Germany. Furthermore, time trends of physical functioning and optimism as well as of associations with social inequality and loneliness are analyzed. Methods: The German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a longitudinal population-based survey of individuals aged 40 years and older, was used (four waves between 2008 and 2017, total sample size N = 23,572). Physical functioning and optimism were introduced as indicators of ageing well. Educational level, net equivalent income, and loneliness were used as predictors in linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Time trends show that physical functioning decreases over time, while optimism slightly increases. Education and income are positively associated with physical functioning, while higher loneliness correlates with lower physical functioning. Higher optimism was associated with higher income and particularly with lower loneliness. Income and notable educational inequalities in physical functioning increase over time. Time trends of the associations with optimism show decreasing income inequalities and increasing disparities in loneliness. Conclusions: Increasing educational inequalities in physical functioning and a strong association of loneliness with optimism provide information for further interventions. Targeted health promotion among the aged and addressing maladaptive social cognition are options to tackle these issues. Key areas for action on healthy ageing include, for instance, the alignment of health systems to the needs of older populations or the creation of age-friendly environments.

scholarly journals Trends in disability of instrumental activities of daily living among older Chinese adults, 1997-2006: population based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Liang ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
Jette Möller ◽  
Chengxuan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Iadl Disability ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Older Chinese Adults ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundData on trends for disability in instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) are sparse in older Chinese adults.ObjectivesTo assess trends in prevalence and incidence of IADL disability among older Chinese adults and to explore contributing factors.DesignPopulation based study.Setting15 provinces and municipalities in China.SubjectsParticipants (age ≥60) were from four waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, conducted in 1997 (n=1533), 2000 (n=1581), 2004 (n=2028) and 2006 (n=2256), and from two cohorts constructed within the national survey: cohort 1997–2004 (n=712) and cohort 2000–2006 (n=823).MeasurementsIADL disability was defined as inability to perform one or more of the following: shopping, cooking, using transportation, financing and telephoning. Data were analysed with logistic regression and generalised estimating equation models.ResultsThe prevalence of IADL disability significantly decreased from 1997 to 2006 in the total sample and in all of the subgroups by age, sex, living region and IADL items (all ptrend<0.05). The incidence of IADL disability remained stable from cohort 1997-2004 to cohort 2000-2006 in the total sample and in all of the subgroups (all p>0.10). The recovery rate from IADL disability significantly increased over time in those aged 60–69 years (p=0.03). Living in a rural area or access to local clinics for healthcare was less disabling over time (ptrend<0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IADL disability decreased among older Chinese adults during 1997–2006, whereas the incidence remained stable. The declining prevalence of IADL disability might be partly due to the decreased duration of IADL disability, and to improvements in living conditions and healthcare facilities over time.

Utilization patterns of antidepressants between 1991 and 2011 in a population-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aarts ◽  
R. Noordam ◽  
A. Hofman ◽  
H. Tiemeier ◽  
B.H. Stricker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundIn middle-aged and older patients in whom antidepressant use increased in last decades, patterns of use might be of concern The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of prevalence, incidence and duration of antidepressant use in an ageing population.MethodsAll participants (aged > 45 years) from the population-based Rotterdam Study were followed from January 1st 1991 until death, loss to follow-up, or end of the study period (December 31st 2011). Antidepressant drug dispensing, based on pharmacy records, were subdivided into Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and other antidepressants. One-year prevalence, 5-year incidence and duration of antidepressant use were calculated.ResultsYearly prevalence of antidepressant use increased from 3.9% in 1991 to 8.3% of the population in 2011. The increase in SSRI use was 5.8-fold, whereas use of other antidepressants doubled and TCA use remained stable over time. Incidence of all antidepressants decreased from 23.9 to 14.2 per 1000 person-years between 1992 and 2011. The duration of a first treatment episode increased over time.ConclusionDespite the prevalence of antidepressant use increased over time, incidence did not, which is most likely explained by a longer treatment duration and recurrent episodes.

scholarly journals Sexual violence, mood disorders and suicide risk: a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaíse Campos Mondin ◽  
Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso ◽  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Caroline Elizabeth Konradt ◽  
Rosana Ferrazza Zaltron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Abstract This article seeks to analyze the association between sexual violence, manic and depressive episodes, and suicide risk among young adults. This is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out with young people between 18 and 24 years of age in a town in southern Brazil. The sample was selected through clusters. The prevalence of sexual violence, manic, depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk were evaluated, as well as the association between them. The chi-square test and Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis. The study sample comprised 1,560 subjects. Among these, 3.1% had suffered sexual violence at some point in their life. The prevalence of depressive, mixed episodes, and (hypo)manic episodes were 10%, 2.4% and 2.3%, respectively. Suicide risk had a prevalence of 8.6% in the total sample. Young people who have suffered sexual violence are more likely to be subject to mood changes or suicide risk than those who have not (p < 0.05), except for the occurrence of (hypo)manic episodes. These results revealed a strong association between sexual violence and depressive and mixed episodes and suicide risk.

scholarly journals Trends and inequalities in breastfeeding continuation from 1 to 6 weeks: findings from six population-based British cohorts, 1985–2010

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deon A. Simpson ◽  
Claire Carson ◽  
Jennifer J. Kurinczuk ◽  
Maria A. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Heterogeneity Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Birth Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Understanding inequalities in breastfeeding practices may help to explain the UK’s persistently low breastfeeding rates. A recent study using the quinquennial UK Infant Feeding Surveys (IFS) found that sociodemographic inequalities in breastfeeding initiation persisted between 1985 and 2010. The present study investigates the sociodemographic inequalities in breastfeeding continuation at 6 weeks after birth among mothers who initiated and maintained breastfeeding at 1 week in 1985–2010. Methods Data were drawn from the 1985 to 2010 IFS and restricted to mothers who were breastfeeding at 1 week after birth. Time trends in the proportion of mothers in each sociodemographic group were examined. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between breastfeeding at 6 weeks and sociodemographic factors, adjusting for confounders. Heterogeneity test was used to assess changes in these associations over time. Results Sociodemographic inequalities in breastfeeding continuation at 6 weeks persisted over the 25-year period. In most survey years, mothers were most likely to breastfeed at 6 weeks if they were 30 or older versus under 25 (OR 1.49–1.99 across survey years, I2 = 0%, heterogeneity P = 0.45); completed full-time education over age 18 compared to 18 or younger (OR 1.56-2.51, I2 = 58.7%, P = 0.03); or of Black, Asian, Mixed, or other ethnicity compared to White (OR 1.45–2.48, I2 = 44.8%, P = 0.16). Conclusions Among mothers breastfeeding at 1 week, those who were younger, White or had fewer years of full-time education were at greatest risk of discontinuing before 6 weeks. This risk persisted over time and was independent of their high risk of not initiating breastfeeding.

Population-Based study of Echocardiography: Time Trends in Utilization and Diagonistic Profile of an Evolving Technology, 1975–1987

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Ballard ◽  
Bijoy K. Khandheria ◽  
A. Tamil Tajik ◽  
James B. Seward ◽  
Vernon P. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Valvular Regurgitation ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe evaluated trends in the use of echocardiography among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975, through June 30, 1987. Annual examinations per 100,000 population among Olmsted County residents increased 6-fold from 264 in 1975 to 1,644 in 1986. Given the pattern of echo use in Olmsted County, these population-based data project a potential annual utilization of 4 million echo exams in the United States. Marked increases over time in labeling of patients with regurgitant valvular heart disease were noted following the introduction of Doppler echocardiography. The diagnostic labeling associated with this evolving technology and the resultant apparent epidemic of valvular regurgitation present a significant clinical technology assessment dilemma.

scholarly journals Association between allostatic load and mortality among Chinese older adults: the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045369
Author(s):  
Tianhang Zhang ◽  
Lijing L Yan ◽  
Hua-Shuai Chen ◽  
Hai-Yu Jin ◽  
Chenkai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality

BackgroundAllostatic load (AL) has shown that high burden of AL is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, but little attention has been paid to China with largest ageing population in the world.ObjectiveThis study is to examine the association between AL and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults aged at least 60 years.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingIn 2011–2012, an ancillary study, in which a blood test was added, including a total of 2439 participants, was conducted in eight longevity areas in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.ParticipantsThe final analytical sample consisted of 1519 participants (mean±SD age: men 80.5±11.3 years; women 90.2±11.8 years and 53% women).Primary outcome measureCox models were used to examine the association between AL and mortality among men and women, separately. Analyses were also adjusted for potential confounders including age, ethnicity, education and marital status, smoking and exercise.ResultsMale with a medium AL burden (score: 2–4) and high AL burden (score: 5–9) had a 33% and 118% higher hazard of death, respectively, than those with a low AL burden (score: 0–1). We did not find significant difference between females with different levels of AL burden.ConclusionHigher AL burden was associated with increased all-cause mortality among Chinese men aged at least 60 years. However, we did not find strong association among women. In conclusion, Intervention programmes targeting modifiable components of the AL burden may help prolong lifespan for older adults, especially men, in China.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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