scholarly journals Energy Intake and Satiety Responses of Eggs for Breakfast in Overweight and Obese Adults—A Crossover Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B Keogh ◽  
Peter M Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Food Consumed

The type of food eaten for breakfast may determine the amount of food consumed at the next meal. This may be important when considering dietary advice for overweight and obese individuals who are trying to lose weight. The aim of the study was to investigate the energy intake and subjective sensations of hunger using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of a breakfast meal of eggs compared with a breakfast meal of cereal in overweight Australian adults. In a cross-over study, participants attended the University of South Australia’s Clinical Trial Facility on two separate days, one week apart. On each day participants consumed one of two isoenergetic breakfasts (1800 kJ), either eggs and toast or cereal with milk and orange juice. Fifty overweight or obese participants, 44 ± 21 years, 86 ± 14 kg, with a body mass index (BMI) of 31 ± 4 kg/m2 completed both study visits. Energy intake following the egg breakfast was significantly reduced compared with the cereal breakfast (4518 vs. 5283 kJ, p = 0.001). BMI and gender were unrelated to these effects. The sensation of hunger was less after the egg breakfast (p = 0.028 for diet by time interaction) and returned more quickly after the cereal breakfast. There were no effects of gender or age. Energy intake was reduced at an ad libitum lunch meal 4 hours after a breakfast meal containing eggs. The findings suggest that satiety responses of overweight and obese are not different to non-obese participants as our study confirms findings from studies conducted in different populations. Determining which foods may help overweight and obese individuals manage their food intake is important for diet planning.

scholarly journals Metabolomics in psoriatic disease: pilot study reveals metabolite differences in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
April W. Armstrong ◽  
Julie Wu ◽  
Mary Ann Johnson ◽  
Dmitry Grapov ◽  
Baktazh Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Importance: While “omics” studies have advanced our understanding of inflammatory skin diseases, metabolomics is mostly an unexplored field in dermatology.Objective: We sought to elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriatic diseases by determining the differences in metabolomic profiles among psoriasis patients with or without psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls.Design: We employed a global metabolomics approach to compare circulating metabolites from patients with psoriasis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and healthy controls.Setting: Study participants were recruited from the general community and from the Psoriasis Clinic at the University of California Davis in United States.Participants: We examined metabolomic profiles using blood serum samples from 30 patients age and gender matched into three groups: 10 patients with psoriasis, 10 patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and 10 control participants.Main outcome(s) and measures(s): Metabolite levels were measured calculating the mean peak intensities from gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Results: Multivariate analyses of metabolomics profiles revealed altered serum metabolites among the study population. Compared to control patients, psoriasis patients had a higher level of alpha ketoglutaric acid (Pso: 288 ± 88; Control: 209 ± 69; p=0.03), a lower level of asparagine (Pso: 5460 ± 980; Control: 7260 ± 2100; p=0.02), and a lower level of glutamine (Pso: 86000 ± 20000; Control: 111000 ± 27000; p=0.02). Compared to control patients, patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had increased levels of glucuronic acid (Pso + PsA: 638 ± 250; Control: 347 ± 61; p=0.001). Compared to patients with psoriasis alone, patients with both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had a decreased level of alpha ketoglutaric acid (Pso + PsA: 186 ± 80; Pso: 288 ± 88; p=0.02) and an increased level of lignoceric acid (Pso + PsA: 442 ± 280; Pso: 214 ± 64; p=0.02).Conclusions and relevance: The metabolite differences help elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and they may provide insights for therapeutic development.

scholarly journals B-26 Predictors of Cognitive Decline Over a 2-year Follow up: Olfaction and Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit Status (SWEDD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-972
Author(s):  
F Lopez ◽  
B Rohl ◽  
A Wagle Shukla ◽  
D Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
High Discriminatory Power ◽  
Progression Markers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective Given the high discriminatory power of olfaction assessments in movement disorders, the current study sought to determine whether olfaction dysfunction differentially predicted cognitive decline in patients who have scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD). Dopamine depletion is a major neuropathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, 15% of patients with a clinical PD diagnosis have neuroimaging evidence of intact dopaminergic function. Recent work has suggested that patients with SWEDD are at a greater risk of cognitive impairment relative to those with PD. Methods Archival data were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative database. The total sample included three groups: PD (n = 401), SWEDD (n = 51), and HC (n = 175). Participants were categorized into non-impaired (-) or impaired (+) olfaction groups based on performance on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, corrected for age and gender. Participants were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment twice and change scores were calculated to examine changes in cognition over time (baseline – two-year follow-up). Results A bootstrapped analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the SWEDD+ group had lower MoCA scores than PD+ and HC+ groups at baseline (ps < .05). A bootstrapped ANOVA indicated that group differences were not significant at follow-up; rather, impaired baseline olfaction predicted cognitive decline across all study participants (p < .05), regardless of diagnosis. Conclusions Future studies are needed to assess whether the profile of motor and non-motor symptoms in SWEDD patients, including olfaction, is deserving of its own syndrome, or whether individual patients may fit better under alternative, existing diagnoses.

Outlaws and Misfits: The Identities of Modernist Criticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-356
Author(s):  
Ben Knights
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
English Departments ◽  
Emotional Autonomy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Implicit Identity ◽  
The University ◽  
Cultural Positioning

The images of the writer as exile and outlaw were central to modernism's cultural positioning. As the Scrutiny circle's ‘literary criticism’ became the dominant way of reading in the University English departments and then in the grammar-schools, it took over these outsider images as models for the apprentice-critic. English pedagogy offered students not only an approach to texts, but an implicit identity and affective stance, which combined alert resistance to the pervasive effects of mechanised society with a rhetoric of emotional ‘maturity’, belied by a chilly judgementalism and gender anxiety. In exchanges over the close reading of intransigent, difficult texts, criticism's seminars sought a stimulus to develop the emotional autonomy of its participants against the ‘stock response’ promulgated by industrial capitalism. But refusal to reflect on its own method meant such pedagogy remained unconscious of the imitative pressures that its own reading was placing on its participants.

Engaging Student Mothers Creatively: Animated Stories of Navigating University, Inner City, and Home Worlds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Lise Kouri ◽  
Tania Guertin ◽  
Angel Shingoose
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Graphic Narrative ◽  
Student Mothers ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Animated Graphic

The article discusses a collaborative project undertaken in Saskatoon by Community Engagement and Outreach office at the University of Saskatchewan in partnership with undergraduate student mothers with lived experience of poverty. The results of the project were presented as an animated graphic narrative that seeks to make space for an under-represented student subpopulation, tracing strategies of survival among university, inner city and home worlds. The innovative animation format is intended to share with all citizens how community supports can be used to claim fairer health and education outcomes within system forces at play in society. This article discusses the project process, including the background stories of the students. The entire project, based at the University of Saskatchewan, Community Engagement and Outreach office at Station 20 West, in Saskatoon’s inner city, explores complex intersections of racialization, poverty and gender for the purpose of cultivating empathy and deeper understanding within the university to better support inner city students. amplifying community voices and emphasizing the social determinants of health in Saskatoon through animated stories.

Case Study: The Southern Oral History Program

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Dowd Hall ◽  
Kathryn Nasstrom
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
American South ◽  
New Era ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The American South ◽  
And Gender ◽  
History Department ◽  
The University

A case study of the southern oral history program is the essence of this chapter. From its start in 1973 until 1999, the Southern Oral History Program (SOHP) was housed by the history department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), rather than in the library or archives, where so many other oral history programs emerged. The SOHP is now part of UNC's Center for the Study of the American South, but it continues to play an integral role in the department of history. Concentrating on U.S. southern racial, labor, and gender issues, the program offers oral history courses and uses interviews to produce works of scholarship, such as the prize-winning book Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World. The folks at the Institute for Southern Studies tried to combine activism with analysis, trying to figure out how to take the spirit of the movement into a new era.

scholarly journals Session 3 (Joint with the British Dietetic Association): Management of obesity Weight-loss interventions in the treatment of obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Weight Losses

Treatments to induce weight loss for the obese patient centre on the achievement of negative energy balance. This objective can theoretically be attained by interventions designed to achieve a reduction in energy intake and/or an increase in energy expenditure. Such ‘lifestyle interventions’ usually comprise one or more of the following strategies: dietary modification; behaviour change; increases in physical activity. These interventions are advocated as first treatment steps in algorithms recommended by current clinical obesity guidelines. Medication and surgical treatments are potentially available to those unable to implement ‘lifestyle interventions’ effectively by achieving losses of between 5 kg and 10 kg. It is accepted that the minimum of 5% weight loss is required to achieve clinically-meaningful benefits. Dietary treatments differ widely. Successful weight loss is most often associated with quantification of energy intake rather than macronutrient composition. Most dietary intervention studies secure a weight loss of between 5 kg and 10 kg after intervention for 6 months, with gradual weight regain at 1 year where weight changes are 3–4 kg below the starting weight. Some dietary interventions when evaluated at 2 and 4 years post intervention report the effects of weight maintenance rather than weight loss. Specific anti-obesity medications are effective adjuncts to weight loss, in most cases doubling the weight loss of those given dietary advice only. Greater physical activity alone increases energy expenditure by insufficient amounts to facilitate clinically-important weight losses, but is useful for weight maintenance. Weight losses of between half and three-quarters of excess body weight are seen at 10 years post intervention with bariatric surgery, making this arguably the most effective weight-loss treatment.

Does Aerobic Exercise Decrease Brain Activation?

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla A. Kubitz ◽  
Konstantinos Pothakos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Group Effects

In the present study, participants were randomly assigned to an exercise or a nonexercise group to measure brain activation (spontaneous EEG activity), affect, and cognitive functioning before and after a 15-min treatment period. Exercisers (a) sat quietly for 5 min, (b) exercised for 15 min, (c) recovered for 5 min, and (d) completed a 15-min vigilance task. Nonexercisers did not exercise. There was a significant (a) Condition × Band × Time interaction for EEG activity, (b) Condition × Time interaction for Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist (AD ACL) scores, and (c) Condition × Time interaction for reaction times (RTs). Post hoc tests showed (a) no significant group effects at the baseline and 15-min vigilance periods, and (b) significant group effects at the postexercise and 5-min vigilance periods. Exercisers had lower levels of brain activation (i.e., more theta and alpha activity and less beta activity), higher AD ACL scores, and slower RTs than nonexercisers during these periods.

University students' voices on sexual and gender diversity, their relationship with coeducation and pedagogical innovation: a comparative study at the University of Madeira (Portugal) and the Federal University of Sergipe (Brasil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Paulo Gomes Brazão ◽  
Anselmo Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Alfrancio Ferreira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Pedagogical Innovation ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Political Act ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Agendas ◽  
The University

The concepts of gender and sex have been considered in recent literature as elements of power, under the circumstance of contemporary floating constructions. In the field of Education, a “deconstructed”, non-normative look is needed as a political act on issues of sexual diversity and gender. The curriculum as a culture can and must take a Queer view at school. In this research we intend to make a comparative study on sexual and gender diversity in the academic environment, listening to the voices of students from the University of Madeira and the Federal University of Sergipe. In this way, we emphasize coeducation in the construction of inclusive environments and their contribution in the field of pedagogical innovation. The discussion of these themes in the academy is fundamental for the conceptual renewal and the organizational contexts of the practice of pedagogy. It also contributes to important changes in social agendas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors amongst Teaching Staff of Juba University, South Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Amegovu Kiri Andrew ◽  
Mawadri Micheal ◽  
Mading James
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Obesity is a significant contributing factor in the development of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, osteoarthritis and certain cancer accounting for 2.8 million worldwide deaths annually. Recent global figures indicate that the prevalence of obesity is not just a problem of the developed countries but is also on the increase in the developing world, with over 115 million people suffering from obesity-related problems (WHO). In Africa, 8% of adults above 20 years are obese and 27% overweight (Steyn & Mchiza, 2014), Lack of empirical data remains an obstacle in monitoring the magnitude of current and future trends of overweight and obesity in sub Saharan Africa including South Sudan. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among teaching staff; a case at University of Juba in South Sudan (Rep). A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 196 study participants drawn from various Colleges and faculties of Juba University using multi-stage systematic random sampling of 1st selecting the College, department and 2nd stage was the selection of participants using the exiting staff list obtained from the University administration. Key variables collected includes weight/kg, height, age, sex, physical activities, feeding habits and income of the study participants, which was used to determine the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors. STATA version 12 was used to data analyze. Chi-square statistics were used to compare equality of distribution of obesity. Out of the 196 participants, 18.4% were males (160/196) and 81.6% were females (36/196). The mean age of the participant was estimated at 37 ± 8.5 years. Prevalence of Obesity (BMI> or=30) and Overweight (BMI >25 to <=30) among teaching staff was 4.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Of those found overweight/or obese, 20% were females (4/20) and  80% were males (16/20). While the age specific prevalence indicates obesity is highest among 35-44yrs (50%), followed by 45-55 yrs+ (37.5%) and 12.5% among 25-34yrs age groups. Age was found to be associated with obesity (P-value=0.0337, p<0.05)).Meal frequency was noted to be twice a day. Walking is the main physical activities for both males and females (97.5%) and nearly half of the participants (44.9%) had incomes 7500 South Sudan Pounds (SSP) an equivalent of $1000. Income levels was associated with BMI levels (P-value=0.0222; p<0.05). However, low prevalence of obesity among teaching staff at the University of Juba is not yet of an immediate public health concern, however, earlier preventive and control measures is required as most of the staff leads sedentary lifestyle. This study recommends public awareness intervention on dietary intake and physical exercises among others in schools and institutions at all levels to curtail an otherwise gradual rise in obesity and overweight in the near future. 

scholarly journals Diversity and safety on campus @ Western: Heterosexism and cissexism in higher education

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Asquith ◽  
Tania Ferfolia ◽  
Brooke Brady ◽  
Benjamin Hanckel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Diverse Students ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Discrimination, harassment and violence can vitiate staff and students’ experiences of education and work. Although there is increasing knowledge about these experiences in primary and secondary education, very little is known about them in higher education. This paper draws from landmark research that examines the interpersonal, educational and socio-cultural perspectives that prevail about sexuality and gender diversity on an Australian university campus. In this paper we focus on three aspects of the broader research findings: the heterosexism and cissexism experienced by sexuality and gender diverse students and staff at the university; their actions and responses to these experiences; and the impact of these experiences on victims. The research demonstrates that although the university is generally safe, sexuality and gender diverse students and staff experience heterosexist and cissexist discrimination, which can have negative ramifications on their workplace and learning experiences.

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