scholarly journals The Contribution Ratio of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolism during a Mixotrophic Culture of Chlorella sorokiniana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Jeong-Eun Park ◽  
Shan Zhang ◽  
Thi Hiep Han ◽  
Sun-Jin Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Contribution Ratio ◽  
Mixotrophic Growth ◽  
Mixotrophic Culture ◽  
Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Photo Bioreactor

The contribution ratio of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism in the mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana) was investigated. At the early stage of mixotrophic growth (day 0–1), autotrophy contributed over 70% of the total metabolism; however, heterotrophy contributed more than autotrophy after day 1 due to the rapid increase in cell density, which had a shading effect in the photo-bioreactor. Heterotrophy continued to have a higher contribution until the available organic carbon was depleted at which point autotrophy became dominant again. Overall, the increase in algal biomass and light conditions in the photo-bioreactor are important factors in determining the contribution of autotrophy and heterotrophy during a mixotrophic culture.

Assimilation of various organic carbon sources by Haematococcus strains

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
M. Zych ◽  
A. Stolarczyk ◽  
K. Maca ◽  
A. Banaś ◽  
K. Termińska-Pabis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mixotrophic Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Secondary Carotenoids ◽  
Colour Changes

Differences in the assimilation of individual organic compounds (5 mM sugars and L-asparagine) under mixotrophic growth conditions were described for three naturally occurring Haematococcus strains.The effects of assimilation were measured by the growth intensity and size of algal cells, and the effect of colour changes in the cultures was observed. Some compounds caused the cell colouration to change from green to yellow, being the result of chlorophyll disappearance and the accumulation of yellow secondary carotenoids. In the present experiment none of the cultures turned red, thus excluding the intense accumulation of the commercially interesting carotenoid, astaxanthin.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon dynamics following afforestation in the Loess Plateau of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 11181-11211 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lu ◽  
J. Liski ◽  
R. Y. Chang ◽  
A. Akujärvi ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Successional Stage

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and sensitive to land use and cover change; its dynamics is critical for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this study, we combined a modeling approach and field measurements to examine the temporal dynamics of SOC following afforestation of former arable land at six sites under different climatic conditions in the Loess Plateau during 1980–2010. The results showed that the measured mean SOC increased to levels higher than before afforestation when taking the last measurements (i.e., at age 25 to 30 yr), although it decreased in the first few years at the wetter sites. The accumulation rates of SOC were 1.58 to 6.22% yr–1 in the upper 20 cm and 1.62 to 5.15% yr–1 in the upper 40 cm of soil. The simulations reproduced the basic characteristics of measured SOC dynamics, suggesting that litter input and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) were the major causes for SOC dynamics and the differences among the sites. They explained 88–96, 48–86 and 57–74% of the variations in annual SOC changes at the soil depths of 0–20, 0–40, and 0–100 cm, respectively. Notably, the simulated SOC decreased during the first few years at all the sites, although the magnitudes of decreases were small at the drier sites. This suggested that the modeling may be advantageous in capturing SOC changes at finer time scale. The discrepancy between the simulation and measurement was a result of uncertainties in model structure, data input, and sampling design. Our findings indicated that afforestation promoted soil carbon sequestration at the study sites, which is favorable for further restoration of the vegetation and environment. Afforestation activities should decrease soil disturbances to reduce carbon release in the early stage. The long-term strategy for carbon fixation capability of the plantations should also consider the climate and site conditions, species adaptability, and successional stage of recovery.

scholarly journals Is the Change of Soil Carbon Capacity Persistence Rising or Remain Stable With Maturity of Vegetation Restoration?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Zhijing Xue ◽  
Zhengchao Zhou ◽  
Jun'e Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Soc Stock

Emerging consensus is that land-use change resulting through the “Grain for Green” project has had a significant impacted on soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby probably enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains largely unknown whether a watershed acts as a source or sink of soil carbon during the later period of ecological restoration. This study comprehensively investigated the changes of SOC stock in 2005, 2010, and 2017 along different land-use types. It was aimed to evaluate the dynamics to SOC storage capacity over different vegetation restoration maturity in the Shanghuang Watershed, China. The results showed that restoration increased the accumulation of organic carbon pools in the early stage. Significant increases in SOC stock were observed in shrubland and grassland in comparison to that in other land uses, and these two land-use types represented the optimal combination for ecological restoration in the basin. The SOC stock did not increase indefinitely during the long-term vegetation restoration process, but rather first increased rapidly with vegetation planting and reached a peak, following which it declined slightly. Therefore, pure vegetation restoration cannot maintain a permanent soil carbon sink, some measures to maintain the stability of carbon and to prolong soil C persistence are essential to take.

scholarly journals Using agro-industrial wastes for mixotrophic growth and lipids production by the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio León-Vaz ◽  
Rosa León ◽  
Encarnación Díaz-Santos ◽  
Javier Vigara ◽  
Sara Raposo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mixotrophic Growth ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Lipids Production

scholarly journals Study on the migration and transformation characteristics of arsenic and antimony in the rhizosphere of plants grown in zinc smelting waste residue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
hang sun ◽  
Xinlong Li ◽  
Yonggui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Peak Strength ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Zinc Smelting ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Background: In this paper, the physical and chemical characteristics of the rhizospheres of Broussonetia papyrifera, Cryptomeria fortunei, Arundo donax, Robinia pseudoacacia, Photinia serrulata and Lolium perenne grown in indigenous Zn-smelting waste residue were studied, and the effects of the rhizosphere on the migration and transformation of arsenic and antimony in waste residue were investigated. Results: The results showed that compared with the control waste residue, the pH and Eh of the waste residues from the rhizospheres of the six plants decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content increased significantly (P<0.05). The peak strength of hydroxyl groups, aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, calcite and quartz in the rhizosphere waste residue decreased to different degrees compared with that of the control waste residue, and the peak strength of carbohydrates/organosilicates increased. Overall, the contents of arsenic and antimony in the rhizosphere waste residues of the 6 plants were lower than those of the control waste residue, and the contents of arsenic(III) and antimony(III) were significantly higher than those of arsenic(V) and antimony(V), respectively (P<0.05). The proportions of residual arsenic and antimony in the rhizosphere waste residues were the highest, and the proportion was significantly higher than that of control waste residue, and the proportions of exchangeable state, the aluminum-bound state and the calcium-bound state were lower than that in the control waste residue. The contents of arsenic and antimony in the tissues of the six plants followed the order of roots > leaves > stems, and the enrichment coefficients of arsenic and antimony in different plants were low. Conclusion: After 7 years of phytoremediation, the content and bioavailability of arsenic and antimony in the waste residue were significantly reduced, and the enrichment of arsenic and antimony in plant tissue was also low. It is speculated that the migration of arsenic and antimony in waste residue may increase in the early stage of phytoremediation and gradually stabilize in the later stage.

scholarly journals Application of Two Indigenous Strains of Microalgal Chlorella sorokiniana in Cassava Biogas Effluent Focusing on Growth Rate, Removal Kinetics, and Harvestability

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Mohamad Padri ◽  
Nittaya Boontian ◽  
Neung Teaumroong ◽  
Pongdet Piromyou ◽  
Chatlada Piasai
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Process Adjustment

Microalgae cultivation in wastewater is an emerging approach to remove its contaminants and generate microalgal biomass. This study aimed to screen and isolate potential strains in a cassava biogas effluent wastewater (CBEW) treatment system and produce algal biomass. Chlorella sorokiniana strains P21 and WB1DG were isolated from CBEW and found to grow by utilizing various carbon sources. Experiments conducted in a batch reactor using an unsterilized substrate were done to evaluate the nutrient removal and growth of isolated strains from CBEW. The results showed that C. sorokiniana P21 and WB1DG could achieve biomass accumulation of more than 2564 and 1301 mg L−1, respectively. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP), and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were found up to be 63.42, 91.68, and 70.66%, respectively, in a WB1DG culture and 73.78, 92.11, and 67.33%, respectively, in a P21 culture. Harvestability of the P21 strain was examined using several coagulant–flocculants. FeCl3 was found to remove more than 90% of the cells. Nutrient removal and growth rates resulting from these indigenous strains with application of untreated CBEW support the possibility of this strain being a promising candidate to couple a CBEW treatment and algal biomass generation with minimal process adjustment.

Methane fermentation, submerged gas collection, and the fate of carbon in advanced integrated wastewater pond systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Green ◽  
L. Bernstone ◽  
T. J. Lundquist ◽  
J. Muir ◽  
R. B. Tresan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Pond System ◽  
The University

There are several basic reasons for concern regarding the fate of carbonaceous material in waste stabilization ponds: accumulation of solids; performance and useful life of the pond system; and, the control of methane emissions. In conventional ponds methane fermentation is minimal, and carbon-rich organic matter is integrated by bacteria and microalgae which grow and settle. The integration of carbon decreases pond volume and treatment capacity and causes the ponds to age prematurely, to produce odor, and to require frequent sludge removal; and, any methane produced escapes to the atmosphere. However, if carbon-rich organics are efficiently converted to methane or to harvested microalgae, the pond system will continue to treat wastewater effectively for an extended period of time. Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems (AIWPSs) developed at the University of California fully utilize methane fermentation and microalgal cultivation to treat wastewater and to reclaim energy and nutrients. First generation AIWPSs have provided reliable municipal sewage treatment at St. Helena and Hollister, California, for 28 and 16 years, respectively, without the need for sludge removal. However, these first generation systems lack the facilities to recover and utilize the carbon-rich treatment byproducts of methane and algal biomass. The recovery of methane using a submerged gas collector was demonstrated using a second generation AIWPS prototype at the University of California, Berkeley, and the optimization of in-pond methane fermentation, the growth of microalgae in High Rate Ponds, and the harvest of microalgae by sedimentation and dissolved air flotation were studied. Preliminary data are presented to quantify the fate of carbon in the second generation AIWPS prototype and to estimate the fate of carbon in a full-scale, 200 MLD second generation AIWPS treating municipal sewage. In the experimental system, 17% of the influent organic carbon was recovered as methane, and an average of 6 g C/m2/d were assimilated into harvestable algal biomass. In a full-scale second generation AIWPS in a climate comparable to Richmond, California, located at 37° N latitude, these values would be significantly higher--as much as 30% of the influent organic carbon would be recovered as methane and as much as 10 g C/m2/d would be assimilated by microalgae. These efficiencies would increase further in warmer climates with more abundant sunlight.

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