scholarly journals Effects of Non-Sport-Specific Versus Sport-Specific Training on Physical Performance and Perceptual Response in Young Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Damiano Formenti ◽  
Alessio Rossi ◽  
Tindaro Bongiovanni ◽  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Luca Cavaggioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Perceptual Response ◽  
Perceived Enjoyment ◽  
Training Protocol

This study aimed to compare the effects of non-sport-specific and sport-specific training methods on physical performance and perceptual response in young football players. Seventy-nine under 11 participants were selected and assigned to non-sport-specific (NSSG), sport-specific (SSG), and control (CNTG) groups. The NSSG training protocol consisted of combined stimuli based on balance, agility, and jump rope drills. The SSG training protocol included technical exercises, defensive and offensive game-based drills, and a small-sided game. The CNTG included the participants not taking part in any sport training. All participants were tested for general motor coordination (Harre test), dynamic balance (Lower Quarter Y-balance test), and dribbling before and after 10 weeks of training (NSSG and SSG) or habitual activity (CNTG). At post-intervention, perceived enjoyment was requested by the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). A two-way repeated measure analysis of covariance was used to detect interactions and main effects of time and groups controlling for baseline values. Whereas, a one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate PACES-related differences between groups. NSSG gained greater improvements (p < 0.05) compared with SSG in the Harre and Lower Quarter Y-balance tests, while dribbling skills improved similarly in both groups. Regarding PACES, NSSG and SSG presented a comparable perceived enjoyment. These findings suggest that a 10-week non-sport-specific training is an enjoyable practice capable to promote greater improvements in general motor coordination and dynamic balance compared with sport-specific training in youth football players. This can occur without impairment of football-specific skills.

Physical exercise protects dynamic balance and motor coordination of rats treated with vincristine

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Luiza Minato Sagrillo ◽  
Viviane Nogueira De Zorzi ◽  
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes ◽  
Michele Rechia Fighera ◽  
Beatriz Da Silva Rosa Bonadiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Training Protocol

Physical exercise has been shown to be an important modulator of the antioxidant system and neuroprotective in several diseases and treatments that affect the central nervous system. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise in dynamic balance, motor coordination, exploratory locomotor activity and in the oxidative and immunological balance of rats treated with vincristine (VCR). For that, 40 adult rats were divided into two groups: exercise group (6 weeks of swimming, 1h/day, 5 days/week, with overload of 5% of body weight) and sedentary group. After training, rats were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of vincristine sulfate for two weeks or with the same dose of 0.9% NaCl. The behavioral tests were conducted 1 and 7 days after each dose of VCR. On day 15 we carried out the biochemical analyzes of the cerebellum. The physical exercise was able to protect against the loss of dynamic balance and motor coordination and, had effect per se in the exploratory locomotor activity, and neutralize oxidative stress, damage DNA and immune damage caused by VCR up to 15 days after the end of the training protocol. In conclusion, we observed that previous physical training protects of the damage motor induced by vincristine.Key-words: exercise, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, cerebellum.

scholarly journals Associations between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tests and Physical Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Elena Pardos-Mainer ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Physical Tests

The association between asymmetries in jump and change of direction (COD) with physical performance in several sports show inconclusive results. The purposes of this study were to: (1) measure inter-limb asymmetries in three distinct groups in adolescent female soccer players and, (2) to determine the association between inter-limb asymmetries and physical performance in different age groups. Fifty-four players were distributed in three age groups: U-18, U-16 and U-14. All of them performed a series of jumps, sprints and change of direction speed tests. Asymmetries were assessed as the percentage difference between limbs, with the equation: 100/Max value (right and left) * in value (right and left) * −1 + 100. Mean inter-limb asymmetries were 2.91%, 4.82% and 11.6% for 180° COD, single leg hop and single leg countermovement jump tests respectively, but higher percentages of asymmetries were observed in many players individually. U-18 and U-16 showed significant differences on 180° left COD compared to U-14. Effect size (ES): 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; U-18 presented differences on single left leg hop test compared to U-14, ES: −0.72; U-16 also showed differences on 40 m speed compared to U-14, ES 0.87 (All p < 0.05). Jumping and COD physical tests show asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players, but these asymmetries do not interfere with physical performance. The largest asymmetry was observed in the single leg countermovement jump, and no asymmetries between groups were found. Due to the high variability in the direction of asymmetries, it is recommended to consider players’ individual asymmetries for designing specific training programs.

Relationship Between Movement Quality and Physical Performance in Elite Adolescent Australian Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Bennett ◽  
Joel Fuller ◽  
Steve Milanese ◽  
Stephen Jones ◽  
Emma Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Movement Quality ◽  
Australian Football

scholarly journals Differences in the Motor Coordination Abilities Among Adolescent Gymnasts, Swimmers, and Ice Hockey Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Jaakkola ◽  
Anthony Watt ◽  
Sami Kalaja
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Better Than

AbstractPurpose. Motor coordination is proposed to be a relatively stable age-related construct, unlikely to be influenced by aligned experiential factors such as intensive sport-specific training. The purpose of the study is to investigate if there are differences in motor coordination abilities among young artistic gymnasts, swimmers, and ice hockey players.Methods. The participants of the study were 508 female and 258 male adolescents (age, M = 12.80, SD = 1.10) comprising artistic gymnasts (n = 463), swimmers (n = 70), and ice hockey players (n = 233). The KTK-test protocol was used to analyse their gross motor coordination abilities.Results. The results of the study demonstrated that gymnasts scored better than ice hockey players and swimmers in the test of walking backwards along a beam, and better than ice hockey players in total motor coordination, hopping over an obstacle, and the test of moving sideways on wooden boards. However, ice hockey players scored higher than swimmers and gymnasts in the test of jumping from side to side. Subsequently, swimmers obtained better results in the test of moving sideways on wooden boards as compared with ice hockey players.Conclusions. The study results indicate that intensive sport-specific training may extend young athletes′ motor coordination characteristics in the ability areas representative of the sport in which they engage.

scholarly journals Effects of 10-Week Concurrent Training on Insulin Resistance and the Serum Levels of Vaspin and Visfatin in Overweight Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Abdolreza Kazemi ◽  
◽  
Sareh Mahalati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Kerman City ◽  
Training Protocol

Aims: The present study investigated the effects of a 10-week concurrent training on the serum levels of vaspin and visfatin in overweight females. Methods & Materials: Twenty-four over-weight females from Kerman City, Iran (Mean±SD age: 11.23±0.62 years; Mean±SD weight: 64.83±2.70kg; Mean±SD BMI: 27.97±0.47 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into the control and concurrent training groups. The intervention group performed the training protocol as follows: endurance training: 65-85% of Vo2 max for 20 minutes per session, and resistance training: 50-60% of One Repetition Maximum (1RM) for 30 minutes per session and 3 days a week for 10 weeks. Fasting plasma vaspin, visfatin, and insulin levels were measured by ELISA method. To analyze the data, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used. Findings: Performing 10 weeks of concurrent training significantly decreased vaspin and visfatin plasma levels, and insulin resistance resting levels (P≤0.05); however, there was no significant decrease in glucose levels. Conclusion: Concurrent training can decrease insulin resistance, probably by reducing vaspin and visfatin in overweight females. Therefore, it is suggested that overweight females use concurrent training to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals A NECK STRENGTH TRAINING PROTOCOL IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL PLAYERS FOR CONCUSSION RISK REDUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0016
Author(s):  
Torsten Rotto ◽  
Emily Kraus ◽  
Michael Fredericson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
T Test ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Lateral Flexion ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Text Figure ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Training Protocol

Background: Increased neck strength may be a protective factor for reducing concussions in youth athletes. However, little research exists regarding validated neck strength training methods among this demographic. Purpose: To determine whether a 7-week neck strength training period is sufficient to achieve significant gains in neck strength and size amongst high school football players. Additionally, to assess if increased neck strength influences concussion outcomes. Methods: This study enrolled 54 male high school football players, ages 14-17, in a 7-week strength training protocol in which neck exercises were incorporated into preseason strength and conditioning workouts (figure 1). Pre- and post-neck strength was assessed in four directions: forward flexion (FF), extension (EXT), right lateral flexion (RLF) and left lateral flexion (LLF). Strength was measured as maximal isometric head pressure applied into a pre-inflated sphygmomanometer cuff (figure 2). Concussion totals from the subsequent 2018 season were compared with totals from the 2017 and 2016 seasons per data obtained from the team’s athletic trainer. Results: Fifty athletes in total were analyzed; 4/54 athletes did not complete final testing due to scheduling conflicts. A two sample t-test of neck circumferences revealed a statistically significant increase of 0.37 cm from pre- to post-neck strength training (p=0.0025, figure 3). Single sample strength t-test analysis (corrected for cuff pre-inflation) demonstrated a statistically significant post-test strength increase of 19.8% (FF), 11.0% (EX), 18.8% (RLF), and 18.0% (LLF) (p<0.001, figure 3). The team suffered 4 concussions in the 2018 season, 2 of which were sustained by athletes who did not participate in preseason neck training, compared to 12 concussions in 2017 and 7 concussions in 2016 (figure 3). Conclusion This study demonstrates that increases in neck size and strength can be achieved amongst high school athletes using easily implemented training methods during a 7-week preseason training period. The additional observation of reduced concussion outcomes is not conclusive, though these initial results are promising. Additional research is needed to investigate the potential of neck strengthening in modifying concussion risk. Funding provided by the Stanford Medical Scholars Fellowship Program [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

Effect of an Alpha-GPC Supplement on Physical Performance in Division 2 Football Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Matthew Gage ◽  
Kevin Phillips ◽  
Byungjoo Noh ◽  
Tejin Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Division 2

Reliability and Validity of the Ladder Agility Test Among Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouwien Smits-Engelsman ◽  
Wendy Aertssen ◽  
Emmanuel Bonney
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to evaluate the test–retest reliability of a new agility test among children and (2) to determine the physical performance and anthropometric variables that may influence agility performance in this population. Methods: For aim 1, participants (n = 34) completed the Ladder Agility Test (LAT) twice, with a 2-week interval between the first and second test occasions. For aim 2, participants (n = 125) were assessed on the LAT as well as other measures thought to be necessary for agility such as motor coordination, explosive power of the lower extremity, dynamic balance, age, and body mass index. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient of the LAT total score was .94 (95% confidence interval, .88–.97). Cronbach alpha of .85 was found between the 4 test items. An R2 of .466 was found to represent the explained variance of the LAT total score by the predicting variables. Dynamic balance (2-legged side jumps) (P < .001), motor coordination (P < .01), and age (P < .06) were found to be the major predictors of the LAT total score. Conclusions: This study shows that the LAT is a reliable and valid field-based test that can be used to evaluate agility performance in children. Factors such as dynamic balance, motor coordination, and age may influence agility performance.

scholarly journals Short-Term FIFA 11+ Improves Agility and Jump Performance in Young Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Trajković ◽  
Marko Gušić ◽  
Slavko Molnar ◽  
Draženka Mačak ◽  
Dejan M. Madić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

Studies dealing with the effectiveness of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ prevention program to improve performance outcomes in children aged < 14 years are limited. This study aimed to point out the effects of the application of short-term FIFA 11+ warm-up program on physical performance in young football players. Participants were 36 youth male football players, divided into a FIFA 11+ (n = 19; mean (SD) age: 11.15 (0.79) y) and a control group (CG: n = 17; age: 10.87 (0.8) y) and trained for 4 weeks. Before and after the training period, standing long jump performance, agility, repeated sprint ability, sit and reach, and “30–15” intermittent fitness tests were assessed. A mixed ANOVA showed significant differences between the groups in the standing long jump test (FIFA 11+: 5.6% vs. CG: −1.9%) in favor of FIFA 11+ over CG. Additionally, the FIFA 11+ performance of the Illinois agility test was significantly better compared to the CG performance (FIFA 11+: −1.9% vs. CG: 0.03%). The main findings of this study suggest that just 4 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+ improves physical performance compared with traditional warm-up routines in young soccer players.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MODERATES THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULT WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S645-S645
Author(s):  
Lauren Marcotte ◽  
Cindy Barha ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect

Abstract We aimed to examine whether the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile Score (FCRP) moderates the effect of progressive resistance training (RT) on mobility in older adult women. This is an exploratory analysis of a single-blind, 12-month randomized controlled trial in 155 omen, aged 65 to 75 years old, who were randomized to: 1x/week progressive RT; or 2x/week progressive RT program; or 2x/week balance and tone (BAT). At baseline and trial completion, mobility was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The SPPB is a composite measure of usual gait speed, standing balance, and sit to stand performance; scores &lt; 9/12 are indicative of functional decline. Baseline 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated using the FCRP. Participants were classified as either low risk (&lt;16.5% FCRP score; LCVR) or high risk ≥16.5% FCRP score; HCVR). A complete case analysis (n=126) was conducted using a two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to evaluate the interaction effect of group by FCRP risk on SPPB scores at trial completion; baseline SPPB scores and age in years were entered as covariates. There was a significant interaction effect (F(1,126)=3.74, p=0.027). At trial completion, both 1x/RT and 2x/RT participants with HCVR demonstrated greater SPPB scores than those with LCVR (11.59 vs. 11.38 for 1x/week; 11.86 vs 11.46 for 2x/week). In contrast, BAT participants with HCVR demonstrated worse SPPB scores than those with LCVR (11.18 vs 11.66). Our data suggest that RT may be more efficacious for improving mobility in older women with higher cardiovascular risk than women with lower risk.

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