scholarly journals Evaluations of Interventions with Child Domestic Workers: A Rapid Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10084
Author(s):  
Nambusi Kyegombe ◽  
Nicola S. Pocock ◽  
Clara W. Chan ◽  
Jonathan Blagbrough ◽  
Cathy Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Intervention Description

Little is known about interventions to support the education, skills training, and health of female child domestic workers (CDWs). This rapid systematic literature review followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019148702) and summarises peer-reviewed and grey literature on health, education, and economic interventions for CDWs and interventions targeting employers. We searched six electronic databases and purposively searched grey literature. We included observational studies, which included an intervention, quasi-experimental, and experimental studies. Two reviewers independently screened articles. Data were extracted on intervention description, inputs, activities, type of evaluation, outcomes, effect size or impact where applicable, limitations, and ethical considerations. All studies were quality appraised. We identified eight papers from five studies. Six papers reported on health-related outcomes, two on education-related outcomes, and three on economic outcomes. No evaluations of employer-related interventions were identified. Only one intervention specifically targeted CDWs. Others included CDWs in their sample but did not disaggregate data for CDWs. Findings suggest that the evaluated interventions had a limited impact on CDW’s health, education, and economic outcomes. While it appears feasible to reach CDWs with outreach interventions, further work is needed to improve the consistency of their effectiveness and their ability to improve CDWs’ current and future prospects.

Psychosocial Depression Interventions for Dialysis Patients, With Attention to Latinos: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 910-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Sullivan ◽  
Namkee G. Choi ◽  
Christian E. Vazquez ◽  
Margaret A. Neaves
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Purpose: Depression is a common and debilitating condition that often goes undetected and untreated among people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We conducted a scoping review to identify psychosocial depression interventions for adult dialysis patients and gaps in depression care, with particular attention to Latinos, a group disproportionately affected by ESRD in the United States. Methods: We searched electronic databases and grey literature sources for studies in English and Spanish. Results: We found 36 studies including cognitive behavioral, problem-solving, hope, psychoeducation, expressive writing, and physical activity interventions. Twelve studies (33%) were U.S.-based, while the rest were conducted elsewhere. U.S.-based studies involved mostly individual-format cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions carried out during dialysis. CBTs showed the most promising effect on depression in both randomized clinical and quasi-experimental studies. Among 22 randomized trials reviewed, 1 reported participants with Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: More intervention research is needed for depression treatment with ESRD patients, especially Latinos.

scholarly journals How might avatar appearance influence health-related outcomes? A systematic review and narrative meta-review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver James Clark ◽  
Sarah Grogan ◽  
Jenny Cole ◽  
Nicola Ray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Exercise Game

Research has suggested that positive health behaviour change may be achieved using representations of the self in virtual environments (avatars) to alter self-perception, and model behaviours. This systematic review aimed to assess studies exploring role that avatar appearance plays in influencing health-related outcomes.Journal databases, author books and websites, and grey literature sources were searched for experimental studies in which avatar appearance was used to manipulate physical health-related outcomes in healthy populations. A total of 16 articles (17 studies, 39 effect sizes) addressing primary (e.g. ex- ercise, diet, and smoking), and secondary (e.g. body satisfaction) health related attitudes and behaviours were included.Eight studies reported significant main effects of avatar manipulation, which included avatar body type (varied by adiposity or muscularity), and Self Discrepancy Theory-based (SDT; e.g. actual, ideal, ought selves) customisa- tion.The review indicates a dearth of research on avatar appearance and health- related outcomes. The assignment of avatars with varying body types ap- peared to consistently affect immediate physical activity during exercise game play. The assignment of ‘obese’ avatars appeared to reduce positive behavioural outcomes: however the absence of control conditions make it unclear whether performance was improved in the thinner condition, or re- duced in the ‘obese’ condition. Results from this review indicate a need for a grounded, theory-driven approach to future avatar appearance-based studies.

Stress Coping

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Matheny ◽  
David W. Aycock ◽  
James L. Pugh ◽  
William L. Curlette ◽  
Kathleen A. Silva Cannella
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Training Problem ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Coping

This article presents a two-pronged attempt to synthesize the research on stress coping: (1) a review of models and taxonomies of behaviors and resources related to stress coping and (2) a meta-analysis of recent experimental and quasi- experimental studies of stress coping. The review led to the construction of a taxonomy and, in conjunction with the meta-analysis, to a comprehensive model of stress coping in two parts (stress and coping). In the meta-analysis an unbiased effect size of .57 was obtained by comparing groups administered treatments to reduce stress with comparison groups. Social skills training, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, and relaxation training appeared to be among the more effective treatments. In comparing the frequency of treatments identified in the meta-analysis with those in the taxonomy, some treatment domains (such as problem solving) were well represented in the taxonomy but appeared infrequently in the meta-analysis. Implications for stress-coping treatment and research are offered.

scholarly journals Multisensory Exercise Improves Balance in People with Balance Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-lin Zhang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Dong-zhen Yu ◽  
Yu-ting Zhu ◽  
Wen-chao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Randomized Studies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Risk Of Fall

Abstract Objective To examine the effect of multisensory exercise on balance disorders. Methods PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies published before January 1, 2020. Eligible studies included randomized control trials (RCTs), non-randomized studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for RCTs and for Quasi-Experimental Studies by two researchers independently. A narrative synthesis of intervention characteristics and health-related outcomes was performed. Results A total of 11 non-randomized studies and 9 RCTs were eligible, including 667 participants. The results supported our assumption that multisensory exercise improved balance in people with balance disorders. All of the 20 studies were believed to be of high or moderate quality. Conclusion Our study confirmed that multisensory exercise was effective in improving balance in people with balance disorders. Multisensory exercises could lower the risk of fall and enhance confidence level to improve the quality of life. Further research is needed to investigate the optimal strategy of multisensory exercises and explore the underlying neural and molecular mechanisms of balance improvement brought by multisensory exercises.

scholarly journals Study designs and outcomes used in evaluation studies of hospital-presenting self-harm: protocol for a methodological systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e044993
Author(s):  
Eimear Ruane-McAteer ◽  
Paul Corcoran ◽  
John Browne ◽  
Pawel Hursztyn ◽  
Eve Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Study Designs

IntroductionSelf-harm is the most common risk factor for suicide, and so those who present to hospital following self-harm provide an opportunity for targeted clinical care interventions. Observational studies evaluating such interventions may be useful in overcoming limitations of controlled trials, but study design, statistical analyses and outcomes used must be appropriate. This methodological systematic review will describe, categorise, synthesise and compare the methodological aspects of studies evaluating interventions and aspects of clinical management following hospital-presenting self-harm in both observational and experimental (ie, controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies) study designs.Methods and analysisPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-Protocol guidelines were followed in drafting this protocol. Search terms were developed (related to self-harm, hospital presentation and evaluation studies) and adapted for MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and grey literature databases. Two reviewers will independently screen 100 titles/abstracts until consensus is reached, with the remaining screened by one reviewer. Full-text screening will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data will be extracted by one reviewer, and a second will check all data extracted. Validated risk of bias tools will be used. Data synthesis will focus on the heterogeneity of outcomes used in individual studies. Descriptive summary statistics of the data (eg, key study characteristics, type and frequency of outcomes) will be provided in categorical format, using frequencies and percentages. Outcomes will be reported separately for trials (both randomised and non-randomised trials), observational and quasi-experimental studies. Categorisation of outcomes will be guided by Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care resources for reviews of health systems interventions.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Findings will be used to inform future studies in the area of hospital-presenting self-harm. Ethical approval is not required for this review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020208714.

Worksite Fitness and Exercise Programs: A Review of Methodology and Health Impact

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Purpose. To examine the methodology of worksite fitness and exercise programs and to assess their effect on health-related fitness, cardiac risk factors, life satisfaction and well-being, and illness and injury. Search methods. The 52 studies reviewed cover English-language literature for the period from 1972 to 1994, as identified by a search of the Cumulative Index Medicus, Medline, the Canadian Sport Documentation Centre's “Sport Discus,” computerized bibliography, and my own files. Reports were divided into five controlled experimental studies, 14 quasi-experimental studies with matched controls (one reported in abstract), and 33 other interventions of varied quality. Summary. Methodologic problems include difficulty in allowing for Hawthorne effects, substantial sample attrition, and poor definition of the intervention (exercise or broad-based health promotion). Findings are analyzed by specific fitness and health outcomes. Program participants show small but favorable changes in body mass, skinfolds, aerobic power, muscle strength and flexibility, overall risk-taking behavior, systemic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. Claims of improved mood state are based heavily on uncontrolled studies. Quasi-experimental studies suggest reduced rates of illness and injury among participants, but seasonal and year-to-year differences in health weaken possible conclusions. Conclusions. Participation in worksite fitness programs can enhance health-related fitness and reduce risk-taking behavior, but population effect is limited by low participation rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of Digital Literacy in Health through Active University Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6674
Author(s):  
Alejandro De la Hoz ◽  
Javier Cubero ◽  
Lina Melo ◽  
Miguel A. Durán-Vinagre ◽  
Susana Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Ehealth Literacy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental

As we have seen as a consequence of the COVID-19 global pandemic, our scientific-technological society requires a transformation of knowledge in a global, digital and virtual manner. In light of this, and to improve the public health skills of professionals working to promote health education, one of the current priorities is to train pre-service teachers on how to search for health-related scientific knowledge relating to bio-health through digital literacy in health. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of eHealth literacy, scientific knowledge in health and confidence on the part of students, analyzing the degree of improvement following a teaching intervention with students of the Bachelor’s Degree of Education of the University of Extremadura. A quasi-experimental longitudinal study was carried out with pre-test and post-test groups and a mixed data analysis. It involved the application of an active cooperative methodology with tutoring using the jigsaw technique, with the use of four quality digital browsers to enhance scientific rigor. The results show that the initial level of eHealth literacy and confidence was problematic. Following the intervention with the cooperative methodology, both these levels and the level of scientific knowledge in health reached an excellent level. In conclusion, this suggests that university training programs need to be implemented to improve digital and scientific skills in health education as they are currently insufficient. It has been demonstrated that a cooperative active methodology improved these levels and accordingly its use in active and digital higher education should be promoted.

scholarly journals Training in communication skills for self-efficacy of health professionals: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádala Nayana de Sousa Mata ◽  
Kesley Pablo Morais de Azevedo ◽  
Liliane Pereira Braga ◽  
Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de Medeiros ◽  
Victor Hugo de Oliveira Segundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Communication Skills Training ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background Communication skills are essential for health professionals to establish a positive relationship with their patients, improving their health and quality of life. In this perspective, communication skills training can be effective strategies to improve the care provided by professionals in patient care and the quality of health services. Objective To identify the best available evidence on training programs in communication skills to promote changes in attitude and behavior or self-efficacy of health professionals. Methods Systematic searches were performed in eight databases, evaluating Randomized Controlled Trials and quasi-experimental studies with a control group, focusing on training communication skills for health professionals, who assessed self-efficacy or behaviors related to these skills. The phases of study selection and data extraction were carried out by two independent researchers, and the conflicts were resolved by a third. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane method. Results Eight studies were included in the review. Most programs lasted between 4½ h and 2 days, involved information about communication skills and the content was applied to the health professionals’ context. Several teaching strategies were used, such as lectures, videos and dramatizations and the evaluation was carried out using different instruments. Improvements in the performance and in the self-efficacy of communication skills were observed in the trained groups. The RCT had a low risk of bias and the quasi-experimental studies had a moderate risk. Conclusion Training in communication skills can improve the performance and self-efficacy of health professionals. Programs that approach the conceptual issues and promote the space for experiential learning could be effective in communication skills training for professionals. PROSPERO: CRD42019129384

Pro-Health Education of Youth in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Nowadays, thanks to greater awareness of society and development of restorative medicine, more and more attention is paid to preventive care. That is caused by the fact that there is little progress for both sexes in the frequency of healthy behavior: girls fall much worse than boys in terms of frequency of physical activity, they do not eat breakfast either; boys do not maintain a healthy diet and are reluctant to eat vegetables and fruits, they often drink high-calorie sodas and less frequently brush teeth. Though with age some improvements in oral hygiene and certain eating behaviors can be noticed. It has been determined that overweight and obesity is a serious problem, as they can contribute to developmental disorders. In this respect it should be the responsibility of teachers to provide individual physical education (according to medical qualifications), prevent various forms of discrimination and bullying among peers, provide individual counseling and health education, weight control of students. It has been defined that for modern teachers it is a difficult task as students rarely eat fruits and vegetables, do not care about hygiene and frequency of meals, have passive mode of leisure. The acquisition of health during puberty allows functioning smoothly in society. However, despite the continuous work on improving and introduction of new programs of health education classes into schools of Poland, children still suffer from health-related problems. According to epidemiological research most of children in Poland fall on obesity, overweight and accompanying disorders and allergies. Youth is also exposed to accidents and related injuries. The problem is that students do not receive assistance and necessary information.

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