scholarly journals Global Gender Disparities in Premature Death from Cardiovascular Disease, and Their Associations with Country Capacity for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10389
Author(s):  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Yinzi Jin ◽  
Peng Jia ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Zhi-Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Death Rates

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of gender disparity in cardiovascular disease and explore its association with a country’s capacity for controlling noncommunicable diseases. Study data were extracted from the Global Health Estimates, and the Noncommunicable Disease Country Capacity Survey. Age-standardized premature death rates from cardiovascular disease, defined as any death occurring from ages 30 to 70 years, were calculated. Univariate and multivariate general linear regression models were fitted to estimate the correlations between gender disparity and country capacity for noncommunicable disease control. Globally, the premature death rate from cardiovascular diseases was 35.6% higher among men than women in 2000, and the figure hardly changed from 2000 to 2016. The highest gender differences were observed in Europe and high-income countries. The existence of dedicated and multisectoral noncommunicable disease governance bodies and the availability of cardiovascular disease stratification in primary healthcare facilities were positively correlated with gender differences. Conclusively, gender disparities in premature death rates from cardiovascular diseases differed with economic conditions and across geographic regions, with higher relative differences observed in more developed countries. The effects of existing control measures may have plateaued in men but are ongoing among women, especially in more developed countries, widening the gender disparity.

Three Dilemmas for Academics: Gender Disparities in Scholarship, Teaching, and Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly T. Schneider ◽  
Phanikiran Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Main Components

Research on gender differences in the allocation and evaluation of three main components of academic work (i.e., research, teaching, and service) is very informative, and we argue that it may point to potential sources of the disparity in academic industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists’ experiences. We also propose the addition of a few issues to the research agenda set forth by Gardner, Ryan, and Snoeyink (2018) with the belief that attention to these issues will help address the gender disparity.

scholarly journals Gender Differences and Immunotherapy Outcome in Advanced Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11942
Author(s):  
Tiziana Vavalà ◽  
Annamaria Catino ◽  
Pamela Pizzutilo ◽  
Vito Longo ◽  
Domenico Galetta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Biological Aspects

In developed countries, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Although cigarette smoking represents the principal risk factor for lung cancer in females, the higher proportion of this neoplasm among non-smoking women as compared with non-smoking men implies distinctive biological aspects between the two sexes. Gender differences depend not only on genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors but also on the immune system, and all these aspects are closely interconnected. In the last few years, it has been confirmed that the immune system plays a fundamental role in cancer evolution and response to oncological treatments, specifically immunotherapy, with documented distinctions between men and women. Consequently, in order to correctly assess cancer responses and disease control, considering only age and reproductive status, the results of studies conducted in female patients would probably not categorically apply to male patients and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review recent data about gender disparities in both healthy subjects’ immune system and lung cancer patients; furthermore, studies concerning gender differences in response to lung cancer immunotherapy are examined.

scholarly journals Prevention Considerations in Cardiovascular Diseases regarding the premature mortality reduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Elena RAEVSCHI
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Tertiary Prevention ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are recognized as worldwide (1) and national public health issue (2, 3). This is argued by having a leading position in the structure of general mortality and disability, the substantial loss of quality of life and the health system needs for increased costs. Prevention and control of cardiovascular disease has become one of the priority directions for global and national noncommunicable disease control strategies developed to reduce premature mortality (1, 5). The major cardiovascular diseases mortality was identified some aspects of premature mortality among the adult population in the Republic of Moldova. Overall decrease of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases among adults (-5.9%) has been accompanied by a relatively slower decrease in premature mortality (-2.4%) in the Republic of Moldova (6). Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures are essential in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease and contribute to improving cardiovascular health at the population level. Nature is helping people to maintain their health through mechanisms much closer to them than pharmaceutical ones through the curative action of the various natural factors that form the climate of the respective territorial area. Material and method. There is a descriptive study based on statistical data of the World Health Organization and official vital statistics of the Republic of Moldova. Results and discussions. The climatic conditions of Moldova are favorable to cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation. Moldova is located in the temperate continental climate influenced by the proximity of the Black Sea and the interference of warm-humid air from the Mediterranean. The annual air temperatures average in the country is 9,30C. In the Republic of Moldova the warm weather with a confortable temperature lasts 175 days and the relative humidity oscillates in the average from 66 to 87%. The country's thermal regime is the most important curative factor for treating chronic diseases and opportunity for the amplification of medical rehabilitation programs for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Application of methods based on the action of climatic factors in cardiovascular rehabilitation process contributes to its efficiency. Increasing the role of tertiary prevention is a good practice for the quality improvement of medical services for this category of patients. By making appropriate, timely and complex measures of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention cardiovascular disease can be substantially prevented. Conclusions. Strengthening cardiovascular prevention centered on a complex approach to all its primary, secondary, and tertiary components is an opportunity to reduce premature mortality in the population. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, prevention, premature mortality,

scholarly journals Cardiovascularis prevenció – 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (38) ◽  
pp. 1526-1531
Author(s):  
András Vértes ◽  
Eszter Szabados
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
European Guideline ◽  
Prevention Strategies

Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of premature death worldwide despite the fact that cardiovascular mortality decreased significantly in the last few decades in financially developed countries. This reduction is partly due to the modern medical and revascularisation treatments, and partly because of the effectiveness of prevention strategies such as lowering blood pressure and cholesterol level, as well as successful strategies against smoking. However, this positive trend is undermined by the striking growth in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could also be successfully controlled by lifestyle changes. This summary is based on an overview of the recent (2016) European Guideline for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Here the authors describe preventive strategies and goals to be achieved, the most important lifestyle suggestions, and the secondary prevention medical treatment for patients with already established cardiovascular disease. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(38), 1526–1531.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bad habits as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Sarajevo Canton

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Suada Branković ◽  
Refet Gojak ◽  
Admir Rama ◽  
Mersa Šegalo ◽  
Amra Mačak Hadžiomerović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Health Promotion Strategy ◽  
Countries In Transition

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases by its frequency, epidemic expenditure, socio-medical consequences and with high mortality are becoming the biggest problem of modern medicine. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases declines due to prevention measures in developed countries, in developing countries and countries in transition it increases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of harmful habits and connection as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in economically active population in the Canton of Sarajevo.Methods: The study was conducted among the active population of Sarajevo Canton. Randomly selected 443 respondents from different groups of workers aged 18-65 years, who voluntarily joined the study. Weperformed a study intersection descriptive method of research. Instrument for conducting research was a set of questionnaires, designed for research purposes.Results: The results study showed that the study group, current smokers occupy 45%, 1.8% occasional smokers who smoke and the rest of nonsmokers. It was shown that subjects who consume alcohol in biggestpercentage 73.4% consumed the same day, while the smallest percentage 2.7% comprise the same subjects who consumed annually.Conclusions: The prevalence of harmful habits as risk factors for cardiovascular disease among subjects in the Sarajevo Canton is evident represented. It is a significant development of the country, because it affects the health promotion strategy, which consequently changes the behavior based on individual needs. Health education and promotion of health can be reduced or completely prevented by a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Primary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Laucevičius ◽  
Egidija Rinkūnienė ◽  
Ligita Ryliškytė ◽  
Vytautas Kasiulevičius ◽  
Dalius Jatužis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Summary Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of premature death worldwide. More than half of deaths were caused by cardiovascular diseases in 2017 in Lithuania. Primary prevention programmes encourage both medical staff and general population to pay attention to potential health issues as well as attempt to eradicate risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases. “A Funding Programme for the Screening and Preventive Management of the High Cardiovascular Risk Individuals” published in Lithuania has been implemented as of 2006. Analysis of the results of the programme shows that the prevalent cases of arterial hypertension are gradually declining. However, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia is still not decreasing. The prevalence of other modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors has erratic trends with a slight overall decline. Consequently, mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases has decreased by more than one third among middle-age population over the past 10 years. Having higher availability of the anti-hypertensive and anti-lipid medications already achieved, the future plans include the aim of further reducing elevated blood pressure and effectively treating dyslipidaemia. In order to implement a strategy that focuses on smoking prevention, promotion of healthy nutrition and physical activity, a significant contribution is required from the state authorities.

Cardiovascular Disease among Patients with Diabetes: The Current Scenario in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care Systems

: One of the well-recognized conditions linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Those affected by DM face greater risk for early onset of CVD. Although huge strides have been made in cardiovascular therapy and prevention, with striking results in decreasing diabetes-related coronary mortality in developed countries, the morbidity and mortality due to CVD continue to remain high among patients with diabetes. While there is an increasing incidence of cardiovascular event survivors with DM across the world, the number of DM patients with higher cardiovascular risk is predicted to soar, presenting a massive challenge for health care systems globally, including Saudi Arabia. A report of the Saudi Scientific Diabetes Society indicates that more than 50% of patients with DM die due to cardiovascular causes. In fact, Saudi Arabia globally ranks among the top 10 countries in the prevalence of diabetes. However, the incidence of CVD and its risk factors among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia have not yet been well documented. This review aims to present an overview of CVD among patients with DM in Saudi Arabia, through a comprehensive review of currently available published literature. The findings indicate that diabetes linked CVD burden in Saudi Arabia is expected to exponentially increase to a very high degree unless a wide-ranging epidemic control program is initiated. The findings emphasize the need for maintenance of a healthy diet accompanied by exercise, an active lifestyle and weight control measures among the population. It is essential that the health care system focus on raising awareness among the population, and implement appropriate measures for prevention, early detection and suitable management of CVD among patients with DM.

scholarly journals The State of Cardiovascular Disease in the Kyrgyz Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryskul B. Kydyralieva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Kyrgyz Population

Using the methods of estimation of economic efficiency we have made calculation of the economic losses connected to cardiovascular diseases. It was shown that the economic damage from premature death rate and physical inability from CVD in our country totaled more than 14 billions soms (near 360 millions $ USA) in 2007 (2). It dictates necessity of the urgent organization of struggle against cardiovascular diseases for stop the deterioration of health parameters of Kyrgyz population and prevention of serious social consequences with negative economic effect.

scholarly journals Clinical guidelines on arterial hypertension diagnosis, treatment and prevention in children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
A. A. Aleksandrov ◽  
O. A. Kisliak ◽  
I. V. Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Hypertension Diagnosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occupy a leading place in the structure of non-infectious pathology in adults and are the main cause of early disability and premature death in most economically developed countries. According to recent epidemiological studies, there has been a significant increase in both high normal blood pressure (BP) and arterial hypertension (AH) among children and adolescents. This applies to the greatest extent to adolescent children, while AH is detected from 4 to 22% of those surveyed, depending on the age of the surveyed and the selected criteria.

NT-PROBNP AND THE CUT-OFF VALUE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2011 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Anh Tien Hoang ◽  
Van Minh Huynh ◽  
Khanh Hoang ◽  
Huu Dang Tran ◽  
Viet An Tran
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
European Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cardiac Marker ◽  
Cardiac Biomarker ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

NT-ProBNP is a high value cardiac biomarker and widely applies in many cardiovascular diseases. The evaluation of concentration of NT-ProBNP needs the concern about age, gender, obesity and especially we need each cut-off point for each cause of cardiovascular disease in evaluation and clinical application. Because NT-ProBNP is a new cardiac marker and has been researched in 5 recent years, the cut-off of NT-ProBNP is still being studied for the clinical application in cardiovascular diseases. Only the cut-off of NT-ProBNP in diagnosis heart failure was guided by European Society of Cardiology. The meaning of introduce cut-off value of value plays an role as pilot study for the other relate study and brings the NT-ProBNP closely approach to clinical application.

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