scholarly journals Area-Level Determinants in Colorectal Cancer Spatial Clustering Studies: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10486
Author(s):  
Sharifah Saffinas Syed Soffian ◽  
Azmawati Mohammed Nawi ◽  
Rozita Hod ◽  
Huan-Keat Chan ◽  
Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
English Language ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Spatial Studies

The increasing pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC) in specific geographic region, compounded by interaction of multifactorial determinants, showed the tendency to cluster. The review aimed to identify and synthesize available evidence on clustering patterns of CRC incidence, specifically related to the associated determinants. Articles were systematically searched from four databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOHost. The approach for identification of the final articles follows PRISMA guidelines. Selected full-text articles were published between 2016 and 2021 of English language and spatial studies focusing on CRC cluster identification. Articles of systematic reviews, conference proceedings, book chapters, and reports were excluded. Of the final 12 articles, data on the spatial statistics used and associated factors were extracted. Identified factors linked with CRC cluster were further classified into ecology (health care accessibility, urbanicity, dirty streets, tree coverage), biology (age, sex, ethnicity, overweight and obesity, daily consumption of milk and fruit), and social determinants (median income level, smoking status, health cost, employment status, housing violations, and domestic violence). Future spatial studies that incorporate physical environment related to CRC cluster and the potential interaction between the ecology, biology and social determinants are warranted to provide more insights to the complex mechanism of CRC cluster pattern.

scholarly journals Association between overcrowded households, multigenerational households, and COVID-19: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab K Ghosh ◽  
Sara Venkatraman ◽  
Orysya Soroka ◽  
Evgeniya Reshnetnyak ◽  
Mangala Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Multigenerational Households

Introduction: The role of overcrowded and multigenerational households as a risk factor for COVID-19 remains unmeasured. The objective of this study is to examine and quantify the association between overcrowded and multigenerational households, and COVID-19 in New York City (NYC). Methods: We conducted a Bayesian ecological time series analysis at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level in NYC to assess whether ZCTAs with higher proportions of overcrowded (defined as proportion of estimated number of housing units with more than one occupant per room) and multigenerational households (defined as the estimated percentage of residences occupied by a grandparent and a grandchild less than 18 years of age) were independently associated with higher suspected COVID-19 case rates (from NYC Department of Health Syndromic Surveillance data for March 1 to 30, 2020). Our main measure was adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of suspected COVID-19 cases per 10,000 population. Our final model controlled for ZCTA-level sociodemographic factors (median income, poverty status, White race, essential workers), prevalence of clinical conditions related to COVID-19 severity (obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, smoking status, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and spatial clustering. Results: 39,923 suspected COVID-19 cases presented to emergency departments across 173 ZCTAs in NYC. Adjusted COVID-19 case rates increased by 67% (IRR 1.67, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.52) in ZCTAs in quartile four (versus one) for percent overcrowdedness and increased by 77% (IRR 1.77, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.79) in quartile four (versus one) for percent living in multigenerational housing. Interaction between both exposures was not significant (βinteraction = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-1.00). Conclusions: Over-crowdedness and multigenerational housing are independent risk factors for suspected COVID-19. In the early phase of surge in COVID cases, social distancing measures that increase house-bound populations may inadvertently but temporarily increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk and COVID-19 disease in these populations.

Zip Code-Related Income Disparities in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110234
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Z. Qwaider ◽  
Naomi M. Sell ◽  
Chloe Boudreau ◽  
Caitlin E. Stafford ◽  
Rocco Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zip Code

Introduction Screening and early detection reduce morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer. Our aim is to study the effect of income disparities on the clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer in Massachusetts. Methods Patients were extracted from a database containing all surgically treated colorectal cancers between 2004 and 2015 at a tertiary hospital in Massachusetts. We split patients into 2 groups: “above-median income” and “below-median income” according to the median income of Massachusetts ($74,167). Results The analysis included 817 patients. The above-median income group consisted of 528 patients (65%) and the below-median income group consisted of 289 patients (35%). The mean age of presentation was 64 ± 15 years for the above-median income group and 67 ± 15 years for the below-median income group ( P = .04). Patients with below-median income were screened less often ( P < .001) and presented more frequently with metastatic disease ( P = .02). Patients with above-median income survived an estimated 15 months longer than those with below-median income ( P < .001). The survival distribution was statistically significantly different between the groups for stage III disease ( P = .004), but not stages I, II, or IV ( P = 1, 1, and .2, respectively). For stage III disease, a lower proportion of below-median income patients received chemotherapy (61% vs. 79%, P = .002) and a higher proportion underwent nonelective surgery (5% vs. 2%, P = .007). Conclusions In Massachusetts, patients with colorectal cancer residing in lower income areas are screened less, received adjuvant chemotherapy less, and have worse outcomes, especially when analyzing those who present with stage III disease.

scholarly journals Obesity is positively related and tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are negatively related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Youn An ◽  
So Young Kim ◽  
Dong Jun Oh ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Songyoung Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity with thyroid cancer in Korean residents. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort includes individuals ≥ 40 years who were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 4977 thyroid cancer participants were matched with respect to age, sex, income, and region of residence with 19,908 controls at a ratio of 1:4. Crude and adjusted (for the Charlson comorbidity index, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and obesity) odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The adjusted OR of smoking for thyroid cancer was 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.72, P < 0.001), and that of alcohol consumption was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92, P < 0.001). The adjusted ORs of the BMI categories were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05–1.22, P = 0.002) for obese I, and 1.24 (95% CI 1.04–1.47, P = 0.014) for obese II. The ORs of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower, and those of overweight and obesity were higher in thyroid cancer patients than in individuals in the control group.

scholarly journals Sodium Status and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Yazd, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Dashti- Rahmat Abadi ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari- Khosravi ◽  
Mahdieh Nemayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Soltani ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Studies on the relationship of urinary sodium with overweight and obesity led to controversial results. Furthermore, no study has ever investigated the association between sodium status and obesity in Iranian adults. The present study examined the association of urinary sodium levels with overweight and obesity in adults living in Yazd, Iran. Methods: The present study recruited 240 adults randomly selected from adults, who participated in Yazd Health Study (YaHS). A 24-hour urine sample was collected from the participants. Participants' demographic information, history of chronic diseases, and smoking status were obtained. The height and weight of the participants were also assessed using standard methods. We compared the weight and body mass index (BMI) of the participants based on the urinary sodium excretion tertiles. The logistic regression model in crude and multivariable adjusted models was used to compare the odds of obesity between urinary sodium tertiles. Results: The findings showed that the mean urinary sodium was not significantly different among overweight, obese, and individuals with normal BMI (P > 0.05) using the crude and multivariable models. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the mean BMI according to urinary sodium excretion tertiles. In addition, the analyses showed that the sodium status was not significantly associated with odds of developing obesity in crude and in multivariable adjusted models. Conclusion: No significant relationship was seen between sodium status and overweight or obesity. Future prospective studies are highly recommended to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking Status and the Association between Media Use and Overweight and Obesity

2007 ◽  
Vol 166 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Yore ◽  
J. E. Fulton ◽  
D. E. Nelson ◽  
H. W. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

Influence of 8-week daily consumption of a new product combining green coffee hydroxycinnamates and beta-glucans on polyphenol bioavailability in subjects with overweight and obesity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Seguido ◽  
Rosa María Tarradas ◽  
Susana González ◽  
Joaquín García-Cordero ◽  
Beatriz Sarria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
New Product ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
New Strategies

Nutraceuticals based on plant extracts rich in polyphenols, as well as dietary fibres, are new strategies to fight overweight/obesity and associated diseases. However, to understand the potential effects of polyphenols...

scholarly journals Consumption of Foods Derived from Subsidized Crops Remains Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk: An Update on the Evidence Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3244
Author(s):  
Whitney L. Do ◽  
Kai M. Bullard ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Mohammed K. Ali ◽  
K. M. Venkat Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Farm Bill ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Food Commodities

In this study, we examined the associations between the consumption of foods derived from crops subsidized under the 2008 United States (US) Farm Bill and cardiometabolic risk factors and whether the magnitude of these associations has changed since the 2002 US Farm Bill. Four federal databases were used to estimate daily consumption of the top seven subsidized commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat, rice, sorghum, dairy, and livestock) and to calculate a subsidy score (0–1 scale) for Americans’ daily dietary intake during 2009–2014, with a higher score indicative of a higher proportion of the diet derived from subsidized commodities. The cardiometabolic risk factors included obesity, abdominal adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia. Linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, the poverty–income ratio, the smoking status, educational attainment, physical activity, and daily calorie intake. During 2009–2014, adults with the highest subsidy score had higher probabilities of obesity, abdominal adiposity, and dysglycemia compared to the lowest subsidy score. After the 2002 Farm Bill (measured using data from 2001–2006), the subsidy score decreased from 56% to 50% and associations between consuming a highly-subsidized diet and dysglycemia did not change (p = 0.54), whereas associations with obesity (p = 0.004) and abdominal adiposity (p = 0.002) significantly attenuated by more than half. The proportion of calories derived from subsidized food commodities continues to be associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk factors, though the relationship with obesity and abdominal adiposity has weakened in recent years.

scholarly journals Recognition and Participation of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Turkey: Meta-analysis of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aydoğan ◽  
S Metintaş ◽  
M F Önsüz
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crc Screening

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies about the proportion of recognition of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy (CS) methods and participation to them in any period of life for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in Turkey. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Turkey Citation Index and YOK Thesis Center databases were screened both in Turkish and English language to identify relevant studies and key words ’colorectal cancer’, ’colon cancer’, ’cancer screening’, ’information’, ’attitude’, ’behavior’, ’awareness’ and ’Turkey’ were. Criteria for inclusion in the analysis were; conducted in Turkey, original and cross-sectional, conducted CRC risky groups (having CRC in the first degree patients and 50 and above age), studies that give the number of participants and number of taking FOBT and CS screening in any period of their lives and/or the number of knowing them. The studies that met the criteria were read as double blind. The data were entered into the Open Meta Analyst demo program. Because of p &lt; 0.001 in the heterogeneity test, random effects model was used in group analysis of the articles. The proportion and 95% confidence interval of knowing and taking FOBT and CS were calculated from the total number of cases. Results A total of 1176 articles were reached in first review. Duplications and inappropriated studies were eliminated, and 52 studies were selected. Eight studies about recognition FOBT, 16 about participation FOBT, 9 about recognition CS and 17 about participation CS were taken in analysis. After analysis it was found that 1315 of 4334 individuals (19.3%, 95%CI:6.6-32.1) recognized to FOBT, 1174 of 6825 individuals (13.2%, 8.0-18.5) participated to FOBT, 2197 of 5728 individuals (31.7%, 18.2-45.2) recognized to CS and 913 of 8860 individuals (10.0%, 8.1-12.0) participated to CS. Conclusions The proportion of recognition and participation to FOBT and CS were found less than expected. Key messages The proportion of recognition and participation CRC screening methods is low in risky groups. Awareness and participation of screening should be increased in risky groups.

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