scholarly journals Association of Psychological Resilience with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a General Population in Italy: Prospective Findings from the Moli-Sani Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Anwal Ghulam ◽  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Alessandro Gialluisi ◽  
Federica Santonastaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
General Adult Population

Psychological resilience (PR) is the capacity to adapt positively in face of adversity. Its role as an independent protective factor has been acknowledged in recent years. We aimed to test the association of PR with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a general adult population. We performed longitudinal analyses on 10,406 CVD-free individuals from the Moli-Sani cohort (follow up = 11.2 year). PR was assessed by the 25-item Connor and Davidson resilience scale. PR factors were identified through polychoric factor analysis. Associations with mortality were tested using multivariable Cox regressions. Higher levels of PR were associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a model including sex and age (HR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.62–1.00). The association decreased after inclusion of socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors into the model (HR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.62–1.03). No relation was observed with cardiovascular mortality in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.56–1.39). An inverse association of Factor 1 (reflecting positive acceptance of change) with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.82–0.98; p value = 0.01) was found. However, at a borderline non-significant way, PR predicts all-cause mortality in a general population of Italian adults. This is supported by the findings demonstrating a significant association between the PR’s domain reflecting a positive acceptance of change and all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical associations of wheezes and crackles in the general population: the Tromsø study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Aviles-Solis ◽  
C. Jácome ◽  
A. Davidsen ◽  
R. Einarsen ◽  
S. Vanbelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Lung Sounds ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Abstract Background Wheezes and crackles are well-known signs of lung diseases, but can also be heard in apparently healthy adults. However, their prevalence in a general population has been sparsely described. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of wheezes and crackles in a large general adult population and explore associations with self-reported disease, smoking status and lung function. Methods We recorded lung sounds in 4033 individuals 40 years or older and collected information on self-reported disease. Pulse oximetry and spirometry were carried out. We estimated age-standardized prevalence of wheezes and crackles and associations between wheezes and crackles and variables of interest were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. Results Twenty-eight percent of individuals had wheezes or crackles. The age-standardized prevalence of wheezes was 18.6% in women and 15.3% in men, and of crackles, 10.8 and 9.4%, respectively. Wheezes were mostly found during expiration and crackles during inspiration. Significant predictors of expiratory wheezes in multivariable analyses were age (10 years increase - OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.09–1.30), female gender (1.45, 1.2–1.8), self-reported asthma (1.36, 1.00–1.83), and current smoking (1.70, 1.28–2.23). The most important predictors of inspiratory crackles were age (1.76, 1.57–1.99), current smoking, (1.94, 1.40–2.69), mMRC ≥2 (1.79, 1.18–2.65), SpO2 (0.88, 0.81–0.96), and FEV1 Z-score (0.86, 0.77–0.95). Conclusions Nearly over a quarter of adults present adventitious lung sounds on auscultation. Age was the most important predictor of adventitious sounds, particularly crackles. The adventitious sounds were also associated with self-reported disease, current smoking and measures of lung function. The presence of findings in two or more auscultation sites was associated with a higher risk of decreased lung function than solitary findings.

scholarly journals Physiological Aldosterone Concentrations Are Associated with Alterations of Lipid Metabolism: Observations from the General Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hannich ◽  
H. Wallaschofski ◽  
M. Nauck ◽  
M. Reincke ◽  
C. Adolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models

Objective. Aldosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are involved in many pathophysiological processes that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Previously, associations between the concentrations of aldosterone and certain components of the lipid metabolism in the peripheral circulation were suggested, but data from the general population is sparse. We therefore aimed to assess the associations between aldosterone and HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, triglycerides, or non-HDL-C in the general adult population. Methods. Data from 793 men and 938 women aged 25–85 years who participated in the first follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania were obtained. The associations of aldosterone with serum lipid concentrations were assessed in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and HbA1c. Results. The linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations of aldosterone with LDL-C (β-coefficient = 0.022, standard error = 0.010, p=0.03) and non-HDL-C (β-coefficient = 0.023, standard error = 0.009, p=0.01) as well as an inverse association of aldosterone with HDL-C (β-coefficient = −0.022, standard error = 0.011, p=0.04). Conclusions. The present data show that plasma aldosterone is positively associated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C and inversely associated with HDL-C in the general population. Our data thus suggests that aldosterone concentrations within the physiological range may be related to alterations of lipid metabolism.

Bipolar Affective Disorder in Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tromans ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
Ignatius Gunaratna ◽  
Natalie Orr ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Individual

People with Intellectual Disability (ID) experience Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) at a rate probably similar to that of the general population, though diagnosis may be delayed or missed owing to numerous factors, including communication deficits and atypical clinical presentations, especially in those with more severe ID. BPAD is caused by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and associated with numerous other forms of psychiatric and physical illness. Diagnostic criteria used for the general population may have clinical utility for those with milder ID, though ID-specific classification systems may be more useful in those with moderate-severe ID. There has been limited research regarding treatment of BPAD in individuals with ID. However, NICE guidelines have recommended treatment in line with that of the general adult population. Treatment decisions should be a collaborative process wherever possible, involving the patient, carer, clinician, and other health professionals. Factors specific to the individual patient should be taken into account in any subsequent therapeutic approach, including the acceptability of blood test monitoring and comorbid illness, among other factors.

Psychological Needs of Professional Police Personnel

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Simon ◽  
Veronica Wilde ◽  
Robert M. Cristal
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Police Work ◽  
College Males ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule ◽  
General Adult Population

The psychological needs, as measured by the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, of a sample of 29 male county police personnel were compared to the EPPS needs of normative samples of males selected from the general population and college males. The police personnel differed significantly from general adult population males on 9 of the 15 EPPS needs and from college males on 7. The EPPS needs of Ss who had been involved in police work for more than 6 yr. were not different from those of Ss who had been involved in police work for less than 6 yr.

A PubMed Citations Search Study on the Prevalence of Epiphora in the General Adult Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (04) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Ivan O. Haefliger ◽  
Yasmina D. Haefliger ◽  
Ana Rosa Pimentel de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Purpose To assess the prevalence of epiphora in the general adult population based on PubMed search citations. Methods 1) Electronic PubMed MEDLINE database search (September 13, 2019) with the terms (Medical Subject Headings or MeSH) “prevalence” and “epiphora”, 2) “epiphora” and “dry eye”, and 3) “prevalence”, “epiphora”, and “dry eye”. Review of all citations from these searches containing the term “epiphora” either in their abstract or title. Results 1) PubMed search retrieved 2 617 137 citations for “prevalence”, 26 135 for “epiphora”, and 2554 for “prevalence” AND “epiphora”. Within the latter 2554 citations, the word “epiphora” appeared in the abstract or title of only 109 citations (< 5%). None of these 109 citations assessed the prevalence of epiphora in the adult general population as the primary end point. Only one abstract mentioned that out of 125 patients, 7.2% indicated, retrospectively, that they had already had epiphora before cataract surgery. Two large population-based studies addressed the incidence of epiphora, not in adults, but in infants (20%) and children (7.7%). 2) The PubMed search showed 22 487 citations for “dry eye”, 30 211 for “epiphora” OR “dry eye”, and up to 18 414 joint citations for the terms “epiphora” AND “dry eye”. These 18 414 citations were 70 and 82% of the number of MeSH citations for “epiphora” and “dry eye” alone, respectively. Of these 18 414 citations, the word “epiphora” only appeared in 131 citations (< 1%), one of them being an extra report mentioning a 32% incidence of epiphora among postmenopausal women. 3) The search found 2206 citations for “prevalence” AND “epiphora” AND “dry eye”, with only 10 of them (< 1%) containing the word “epiphora”. Conclusions Despite a large number of citations retrieved by PubMed searches, there seems to be a lack of studies on the prevalence of epiphora in the adult general population. There is apparently also a large number of overlapping PubMed citations retrieved for searches with the terms “epiphora” AND “dry eye”, although more than 99% of them did not even display the word “epiphora”. Although epiphora is considered a common complain, its prevalence in the adult general population deserves to be further assessed.

Abstract 12676: Regular Intake of Pepper Decreases Cardiovascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Upadhaya ◽  
Seetharamprasad Madala ◽  
Kanchan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Regular Intake ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Spice consumption has been shown to be beneficial on lipid and fasting glucose profile. However, there is no clear evidence regarding long-term effects of spice consumption. Methods: Systematic electronic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for studies, both randomized and non-randomized, that studied association of pepper consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. A random-effects model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR). Results: Our search identified 4 observational studies (259,184 participants in regular pepper consumption group and 305,563 participants in low or no pepper consumption group). Regular pepper consumption was associated with significant reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.87 [0.84-0.91], I 2 = 25%, p value <0.00001) (Figure 1). In addition, pepper consumption was associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.84 [0.77-0.91], I 2 = 66 %, p value < 0.0001) (Figure 2), mortality related to ischemic heart disease (HR: 0.76 [0.66 -0.87], I 2 = 0%, p value = 0.0001) and cancer (HR: 0.91 [ 0.85-0.97], I 2 = 0%, p value = 0.003). However, stroke related mortality was similar in both groups (HR: 0.78 [0.56-1.10], I 2 = 61%, p value = 0.15). Conclusions: This study showed that regular intake of pepper significantly decreases rates of all-cause, cancer-related and cardiovascular mortality.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and clinical correlates of suicidal acts: Results from a national population survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Robertson Blackmore ◽  
Sarah Munce ◽  
Iris Weller ◽  
Brandon Zagorski ◽  
Stephen A. Stansfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
General Adult Population

BackgroundClinical samples have identified a number of psychosocial risk factors for suicidal acts but it is unclear if these findings relate to the general population.AimsTo describe the prevalence of and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal acts in a general adult population.MethodData were obtained from a Canadian epidemiological survey of 36 984 respondents aged 15 years and older (weighted sample n=23 662 430).ResultsOf these respondents, 0.6% (weighted n=130 143) endorsed a 12-month suicidal act. Female gender (OR=4.27, 95% CI 4.05–4.50), being separated (OR=37.88, 95% CI 33.92–42.31) or divorced (OR=7.79, 95% CI 7.22–8.41), being unemployed (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.50–1.80), experiencing a chronic physical health condition (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.67–1.86) and experiencing a major depressive episode in the same 12-month period as the act (OR=9.10, 95% CI 8.65–9.59) were significantly associated with a suicidal act.ConclusionsThe psychosocial correlates of suicidal acts in this sample are consistent with those previously reported in clinical and general population samples. These findings reinforce the importance of the determination of suicide risk and its prevention not only of psychiatric illness but of physical and psychosocial factors as well.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Spironolactone on Kidney Function and Hyperkalemia-Associated Hospitalization in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Ta Yang ◽  
Chew-Teng Kor ◽  
Yao-Peng Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: Spironolactone, a non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, can protect against cardiac fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction, and improve endothelial dysfunction and proteinuria. However, the safety and effects of spironolactone on patient-centered cardiovascular and renal endpoints remain unclear. Methods: We identified predialysis stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients between 2000 and 2013 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID 2005). The outcomes of interest were end-stage renal disease (ESRD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), hyperkalemia-associated hospitalization (HKAH), all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. The Fine and Gray sub-distribution hazards approach was adopted to adjust for the competing risk of death. Results: After the propensity score matching, 693 patients with stage 3–4 CKD were spironolactone users and 1386 were nonusers. During the follow-up period, spironolactone users had a lower incidence rate for ESRD than spironolactone non-users (39.2 vs. 53.69 per 1000 person-years) and a higher incidence rate for HKAH (54.79 vs. 18.57 per 1000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratios for ESRD of spironolactone users versus non-users were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51–0.84; p value < 0.001) and 3.17 (95% CI, 2.41–4.17; p value < 0.001) for HKAH. A dose-response relationship was found between spironolactone use and risk of ESRD and HKAH. There were no statistical differences in MACE, HHF, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality between spironolactone users and non-users. Conclusion: Spironolactone represented a promising treatment option to retard CKD progression to ESRD amongst stage 3–4 CKD patients, but strategic treatments to prevent hyperkalemia should be enforced.

scholarly journals A-17 Psychological Resilience and Concussion Recovery in Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-613
Author(s):  
N Ernst ◽  
A Trbovich ◽  
S R Eagle ◽  
H Bitzer ◽  
A P Kontos
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Concussion Recovery ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objective Psychological resilience has been positively associated with sport achievement and psychological well-being, while being negatively associated with psychological distress. Lower psychological resilience may also increase the risk of protracted recovery from concussion. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and clinical outcomes among adolescent and young adult athletes. Method Fifty-seven patients (11–22 years; m = 15.2, SD = 2.76) were diagnosed with a sport-related concussion (SRC) within two weeks of injury. Patients completed the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) at first visit in addition to neurocognitive screening (ImPACT) and vestibular/oculomotor screening (VOMS). Participants were divided into “Low”, “Moderate” and “High” resilience using CD-RISC-10 tertiles. A series of one-way ANOVAS with pairwise comparisons (Tukey post-hoc test) were used to compare groups across outcomes measures. Results Significant differences were present between the High Resilience (m = 15.22 days; SD = 8.87) and Low Resilience (m = 30.95 days; SD = 23.76) groups in Days to Clearance (p = .032), DASS-21 Total score (p = 0.01), DASS-21 Depression subscale (p = 0.022), DASS-21 Anxiety subscale (p = 0.01), and DASS-21 Stress subscale (p = 0.002). No significant relationships were observed between resilience and ImPACT, VOMS, or PCSS score for any group. Conclusions Athletes with low psychological resilience immediately following concussion had a recovery time twice that of athletes with high resilience. All groups in the study exhibited recovery times within a normal time frame (i.e., ≤ 30 days), but high psychological resiliency may serve as a protective factor for recovery outcomes among athletes experiencing concussion.

scholarly journals Avaliação da resiliência de pessoas com condições crônicas e cuidadores

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Amanda De Oliveira Vasconcelos ◽  
Vanessa Carla Batista ◽  
Ivi Ribeiro Back ◽  
Maria Emília Grassi Busto Miguel ◽  
Verônica Francisqueti Marquete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Resilience Scale

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar a resiliência de pessoas com doenças crônicas e seus cuidadores. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizou-se com 98 pacientes e familiares, na residência do participante. Coletaram-se os dados por entrevistas semiestruturadas e a escala de resiliência de Young. Realizaram-se estatísticas descritivas e o teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fischer adotando-se p- valor <0,05 como significativo. Apresentam-se os resultados em tabelas. Resultados: revela-se que, dos 98 participantes, 26,53% cuidadores e 73,47% pacientes. Observou-se a pontuação média da escala de resiliência de 143,90 pontos (±15,98) e mediana de 145,00 pontos, com pontuação mínima de 53 e máxima 171, considera-se que o score máximo possível da escala é de 175 pontos. Conclusão: predominou-se cuidadores com menos de 60 anos de idade, do sexo feminino e com ensino fundamental incompleto. Apresentaram-se os pacientes maiores scores mínimos para escala de resiliência, mostrando-se mais resilientes que seus cuidadores. Descritores: Doença Crônica; Resiliência Psicológica; Enfermagem; Cuidadores; Relações Familiares; Promoção da Saúde.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the resilience of people with chronic diseases and their caregivers. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted with 98 patients and family members, in the participant’s residence. Data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews and the Young resilience scale. Descriptive statistics were performed, as well as the chi-square and Fisher's exact test adopting p- value <0.05 as significant. The results are presented in tables. Results: of the 98 participants, 26.53% are caregivers and 73.47%, patients. The average resilience scale score were 143.90 points (±15.98) and median of 145.00 points, with a minimum score of 53 and a maximum of 171, considering the maximum possible scale score of 175 points. Conclusion: prevalence of caregivers aged less than 60 years, females and with incomplete elementary education. The patients presented higher minimum resilience scale scores, proving to be more resilient than their caregivers. Descritores: Chronic Disease; Psychological Resilience; Nursing; Caregivers; Family Relations; Health Promotion. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de resistencia de las personas con enfermedades crónicas y sus cuidadores. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, realizado con 98 pacientes y familiares, en la residencia del participante. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y la escala de la resistencia de Young. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher, adoptándose p- valor <0,05 como significativo. Se presentan los resultados en tablas. Resultados: de los 98 participantes, 26,53% son cuidadores y 73.47%, pacientes. La puntuación promedio de la escala de resiliencia fue de 143,90 puntos (±15,98) y mediana de 145.00 puntos, con un puntaje mínimo de 53 y un máximo de 171, considerándose la puntuación máxima posible en la escala de 175 puntos. Conclusiones: predominaron los cuidadores con menos de 60 años de edad, mujeres y con educación primaria incompleta. Los pacientes presentan puntuaciones mínimas superiores en la escala de resiliencia, demostrando más resistencia que sus cuidadores. Descritores: Enfermedad Crónica; Resiliencia Psicológica; Enfermería; Cuidadores; Relaciones Familiares; Promoción de la Salud.

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