Colorectal Carcinoma: A General Overview and Future Perspectives in Colorectal Cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer represents one of the prominent causes of mortality worldwide in men and women. The objective of this study was to search for new potential anticancer compounds, both in prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. The anticancer potential of marine bacterial extracts against Human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) was evaluated as well as the partial identification of bioactive metabolites. Methods: All bacterial extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity against HCT116 cell line by means of MTT assay. The highly cytotoxic dichloromethane extracts of marine sponge-associated bacteria Vibrio sp. and Bacillus sp. were analyzed by GC-MS. Results: Two fractions, Vib3 and Bac3, exhibited a very interesting cytotoxicity against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line, with a percentage of cytotoxicity of 96.04 % and 29.48 %, respectively. Discussion: The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of two major fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acids, in Vib3 fraction and fatty acid esters and phenolic compounds in Bac3 fraction. Conclusion: Based on previous literature, it may be hypothesized that the anticancer activity of bacterial extracts could be, at least partially, to the fatty acids fraction.

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EZH2 Expression and its Correlation with Clinicopathological Features in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2016-0042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 287-292

Author(s):

Xiao-yang Liu ◽

Hua Liu ◽

Lin Gu ◽

Hai-lun Zheng

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Tumor Biomarker ◽

Ezh2 Expression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression and clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsA total of sixty-six patients with colorectal carcinoma were admitted to our general surgery department from January 2011 to December 2014. The EZH2 expression levels in the cancer tissues (CTs) from the 66 patients with colorectal cancer and those in distant normal colorectal tissues from 30 cases were examined through immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. The relationship between the expression of EZH2 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients was analyzed.ResultsEZH2 in colorectal carcinoma tissues is granularly brown, predominantly expressed and diffused in the nuclei of tumor cells. Positive rates of EZH2 in intestinal CTs and in distant normal intestinal tissues are 62.12% (41/66) and 6.67% (2/30), respectively with significant difference (P < 0.05). Western blotting also confirmed its elevated expression in colorectal CTs. EZH2-positive expression in CTs was related to degree of differentiation, Duke staging, and tumor size (P < 0.05) but was unrelated to the patient’s gender, age or tumor site (P = 0.05). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the EZH2-positive group and the EZH2-negative group were 43.8% and 67.5%, respectively. The risk of disease progression of the EZH2-positive patients in the follow-up period was significantly higher than that of the EZH2-negative patients (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.04–4.80, P < 0.05).ConclusionEZH2 is closely related to colorectal carcinoma development and disease progression, and thus could be used as a tumor biomarker that may indicate prognosis.

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Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer

Molecular Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12943-021-01318-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fei Long ◽

Zhi Lin ◽

Liang Li ◽

Min Ma ◽

Zhixing Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Rna Binding Proteins ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Cis Acting ◽

New Class ◽

Functional Peptides ◽

Mirna Sponges

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that is often fatal. Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, circRNAs constitute a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules that are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns in eukaryotes. Based on accumulating evidence, circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, and blood from patients with CRC. Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors that mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoradiation resistance in CRC. Although the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results have been obtained in studies investigating CRC. In particular, the expression of circRNAs in CRC is comprehensively modulated by multiple factors, such as splicing factors, transcription factors, specific enzymes and cis-acting elements. More importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on CRC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and even translating functional peptides. Finally, circRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the clinical practice of CRC. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC and further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their functions and how their expression is regulated. Based on this review, we hope to reveal the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer and highlight the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in cancer research.

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Towards safer and appropriate application of endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1 colorectal carcinoma as total excisional biopsy: Future perspectives

Digestive Endoscopy ◽

10.1111/den.12326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 216-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Shinji Tanaka ◽

Naoki Asayama ◽

Kenjiro Shigita ◽

Nana Hayashi ◽

Shiro Oka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽

Excisional Biopsy ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

T1 Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Submucosal Dissection

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CA 72-4 Compared with Cea and CA 19-9 as a Marker of Some Gastrointestinal Malignancies

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460089901400309 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J.B. Lopez ◽

G.P Royan ◽

M.N. Lakhwani ◽

M. Mahadaven ◽

J. Timor

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Single Marker ◽

The Individual ◽

Esophageal Carcinomas

The objective of this study was to compare CA 72-4 with CEA and CA 19-9 in gastrointestinal malignancies. CA 72-4 was assayed by radioimmunoassay and CEA and CA 19-9 with the Abbott IMx analyser. The study included 52 patients with gastrointestinal cancer and 20 controls with benign gastrointestinal diseases. The 52 cases showed marker sensitivities of 39%, 49% and 35% for CA 72-4, CEA and CA 19-9, respectively, and 64% when the markers were combined. Marker expression in serum was highest in colorectal carcinoma followed by gastric and esophageal carcinoma. The sensitivities of the individual markers in colorectal, gastric and esophageal carcinomas, respectively, were: CA 72-4, 56%, 32% and 18%; CEA, 83%, 33% and 18%; CA 19-9, 53%, 25% and 18%. The sensitivity of the three markers in combination was 89%, 50% and 46% in colorectal, gastric and esophageal cancer, respectively. The specificity of CA72-4, CEA and CA 19-9 was 100%, 72% and 86%, respectively. However, CA 72-4 is not a useful a marker for gastrointestinal cancers because of its poor sensitivity. CEA, which had the best overall sensitivity and a reasonable specificity, was the most useful single marker, especially for colorectal cancer. Whereas the single markers were not useful in gastric and esophageal cancer, the combination of the three may be.

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Radiotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Current Standards and Future Perspectives

Visceral Medicine ◽

10.1159/000446486 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Matthias F. Häfner ◽

Jürgen Debus

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Current Standards

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COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2578 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (04) ◽

pp. 566-570

Author(s):

AYAZ GUL ◽

SYED IFTIKHAR ALAM ◽

RASHID ASLAM ◽

Waqar Alam

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Young Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Surgical Department ◽

Male Preponderance ◽

Histologic Types ◽

Hospital Study

Objective: Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of death in the world. Its incidence in young patients is on rise. Objective: To determine the common types of colorectal carcinoma in patients below 40 years of age presenting to tertiary care level hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study Setting: It was carried out at Surgical Department, KTH, Peshawar Period: January 2007 to January 2008. Materials and methods: Total of 50 patients younger than forty years of age with colorectal cancer were included in study for the determination of histologic types. Results: There were 66% males and 34% were females. The commonest affected age group was 31-35 years old having 46% cases. On history 86% patients complained of altered bowel habits and on clinical examination anemia was present in 72% patients. Left and right sided tumors were found in 70% and 30% patients respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest type found in 94% cases followed by lymphoma (4%). Conclusions: The incidence in young age group (≤ 39 years) was highest There was slight male preponderance. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest tumor.

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Case Report: Carcinoma of Colon

Journal of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Liver Functions ◽

10.15436/2471-0601.18.1837 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

sushila ladumor ◽

Adham Darweesh

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Case Report ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Early Stage ◽

Occult Lesion ◽

Carcinoma Of Colon ◽

Ct And Mri

Colorectal cancer is a disease that is curable if diagnosed at early stage and also it is preventable if predisposing adenomas are detected and removed. Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) is commonest malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and is the second most usually diagnosed cancer in adults, mainly at 6th to 7th decades of life[2]. CT and MRI are the modalities of choice used for staging. Colonoscopy for better evaluation and tissue diagnosis as well as to see other occult lesion. Surgical resection may be curative although five-year survival rate is 40 - 50 %.

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Bioactivity of PEGylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation Studied in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11113061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3061

Author(s):

Natalia Krasteva ◽

Dessislava Staneva ◽

Bela Vasileva ◽

George Miloshev ◽

Milena Georgieva

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Carcinoma Cells ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Mitochondrial Activity

Central focus in modern anticancer nanosystems is given to certain types of nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO). Its functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) demonstrates high delivery efficiency and controllable release of proteins, bioimaging agents, chemotherapeutics and anticancer drugs. GO–PEG has a good biological safety profile, exhibits high NIR absorbance and capacity in photothermal treatment. To investigate the bioactivity of PEGylated GO NPs in combination with NIR irradiation on colorectal cancer cells we conducted experiments that aim to reveal the molecular mechanisms of action of this nanocarrier, combined with near-infrared light (NIR) on the high invasive Colon26 and the low invasive HT29 colon cancer cell lines. During reaching cancer cells the phototoxicity of GO–PEG is modulated by NIR laser irradiation. We observed that PEGylation of GO nanoparticles has well-pronounced biocompatibility toward colorectal carcinoma cells, besides their different malignant potential and treatment times. This biocompatibility is potentiated when GO–PEG treatment is combined with NIR irradiation, especially for cells cultured and treated for 24 h. The tested bioactivity of GO–PEG in combination with NIR irradiation induced little to no damages in DNA and did not influence the mitochondrial activity. Our findings demonstrate the potential of GO–PEG-based photoactivity as a nanosystem for colorectal cancer treatment.

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