scholarly journals Irrigation-Induced Changes in Chemical Composition and Quality of Seeds of Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Polit ◽  
Iwona Ciereszko ◽  
Alina Dubis ◽  
Joanna Leśniewska ◽  
Anna Basa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Semi Solid

The quality and amount of yellow lupine yield depend on water availability. Water scarcity negatively affects germination, flowering, and pod formation, and thus introduction of an artificial irrigation system is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation on the quality of yellow lupine seeds. Raining was applied with a semi-solid device with sprinklers during periods of greatest water demand. It was shown that watered plants produced seeds of lesser quality, having smaller size and weight. To find out why seeds of irrigated plants were of poor quality, interdisciplinary research at the cellular level was carried out. DNA cytophotometry evidenced the presence of nuclei with lower polyploidy in the apical zone of mature seeds. This may lead to formation of smaller cells and reduce depositing of storage materials. The electrophoretic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses revealed differences in protein and cuticular wax profiles, while scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed, among various chemical elements, decreased calcium content in one of seed zones (near plumule). Seeds from irrigated plants showed slightly higher germination dynamics but growth rate of seedlings was slightly lower. The studies showed that irrigation of lupine affected seed features and their chemical composition, an ability to germination and seedlings growth.

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.) and Its Potential Application in a Functional Beverage

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Eman Abdo ◽  
Sobhy El-Sohaimy ◽  
Omayma Shaltout ◽  
Ahmed Abdalla ◽  
Ahmed Zeitoun
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Good Source

Beetroot is a good source of minerals, fibers, and bioactive components. The present research work was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of beetroots (juice, peels, leaves and pomace) enhancing the extracted bioactive components, and developing a functional probiotic beverage. Chemical composition and minerals content of beetroot parts were estimated. The bioactive components were extracted by instant extraction method (IEM) and overnight extraction method (at −20 °C) (OEM) to determine total phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH inhibition ratio. The extracted beetroot juice was mixed with milk for valorization of the beverage nutritional value and fermented with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures to create a novel functional beverage. Chemical composition, minerals content, and bioactive components of beverages were estimated. The leaves exhibited the highest calcium content (1200 mg/100 g). Juice showed the highest amount of all minerals except for calcium and magnesium. Overnight extraction method (OEM) increased the antioxidant activity in peels and stems. Natural juice exhibited the highest activity compared to extracts. Fermentation of beet-milk beverage with LA-5 and ABT-5 cultures enhanced the beverage taste, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. Beetroot wastes and juice comprise a valuable nutritional source. Fermentation improved the nutritional value of beetroot and the acceptability of the product.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foliar Application of Calcium Fertilizers on the Quality of Highbush Blueberry Fruits Belonging to the ‘Duke’ Cultivar

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Dariusz OCHMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

The studies were conducted in the period of 2010-2011, in the Laboratory of Orcharding at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, and related to the bushes of the highbush blueberry of the Duke cultivar. The authors examined the impact of foliar calcium fertlizers (Calcinit, Calcium chloride, Fruton Calcium Calcium, Folanx®Ca29 Lebosol Calcium Forte Calcium Forte) on the fruit size and firmness, their chemical composition, content of macronutrients in the foliage and fruits, and their colour. It was found that the applied fertlizers have varied impact on the examined attributes. The bushes sprayed with the Lebosol Calcium Forte and Calcinit preparations had big fruits with a high content of K and Mg, and dark foliage. The application of the Lebosol Calcium Forte fertilizer increased the content of polyphenols and vitamin C in the fruits. The smallest amounts of such compounds were determined in the fruits sprayed with the Calcinit fertilizer. The highest firmness and resistance to mechanical damage were achieved in the case of the fruits collected from the bushes sprayed with the foliar fertlizers containing calcium chloride, such as Fruton Calcium and Folanx Ca29. It was determined that the application of the calcium preparations resulted in the increase of the calcium content in the fruits and foliage. The highest amounts of this element were determined in the case of the plants sprayed with the Folanx Ca29 and Lebosol Calcium Forte preparations.

scholarly journals Contaminant Emissions As Indicators of Chemical Elements in The Snow Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Southern Andes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Pizarro ◽  
Pablo Vergara ◽  
Sergio Cerda ◽  
Raul Cordero ◽  
Ximena Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Latitudinal Transect ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

Abstract The chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 mm and 10 mm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.

Prospects for the use of carrot powder in the production of bread from triticale flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
T.N. Tertychnaya ◽  
◽  
A.V. Drannikov ◽  
A.A. Shevtsov ◽  
N.V. Zasypkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bakery Industry

The analysis of modern achievements in the technology of producing bread from triticalе flour using additives of vegetable origin has shown that the finished product is not always characterized by a balanced chemical composition caused by a low content of micronutrients, organoleptic indicators, uneven porosity of the crumb. Obtaining bread of increased nutritional and biological value is achieved due to the use of carrot powder and triticalе flour of the T-70 variety. The bread prepared accordingto the proposed method has improved physico-chemical parameters, which ensures the production of products of sufficient volume with a more elastic crumb and well developed porosity. To evaluate the quality of bread, generally accepted methods were used in the bakery industry. Protein content was determined by Kjeldahl titrimetric metod (GOST 13496.4–93), phosphorus was determined by vanado molybdate metod (GOST 26657–97), calcium content was determined by trilonometry metode with fluorexone (GOST 26570–95). Bread obtained using additives of plant origin is of interest from the point of view of chemical composition and can be considered as a product of therapeutic and prophylactic purpose.

scholarly journals Features of the chemical composition of crayfish

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Marina L. Kalayda ◽  
◽  
Madina F. Khamitova ◽  
Ilia A. Bogatyrev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Edible Parts

The cultivation of crayfish in the structure of aquaculture in the Middle Volga region can be an important component. Currently, natural crayfish populations in the Republic of Tatarstan include 2 species – narrow-toed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus Esch.) and wide-toed crayfish (A. astacus L.). The development of aquabiological technologies allows the use of natural crayfish populations for the tasks of creating industrial breeding farms. In connection with the global trend of the growing popularity of crayfish in food use, the importance of research on the chemical composition of crayfish as objects of consumption grows. The chemical analysis of narrow-fingered crayfish revealed 13 elements, of which calcium is found in maximum amount in the dry residue. The calcium content in the narrow crayfish was 154.057 g/kg dry weight (fig. 1), the chitinous shell of crayfish contains relatively more calcium – up to 376.282 g/kg of dry weight. The following sequences of the content of chemical elements in crayfish from the Kuibyshev reservoir are noted:  in the muscle tissue of edible parts Ca ˃K ˃S ˃P ˃Cu ˃Fe ˃Zn ˃Mn ~ Br ˃Sr;  in the shell Ca ˃Si ˃P ˃S ˃K ˃Sr ˃Ti ˃Fe ˃Mn ˃Cu ˃Br ˃Zn ˃As. In crayfish from the Kuibyshev reservoir we studied, the raw muscle mass of the edible parts of the crayfish contained 88.80% of water, 10.28% of organic substances and 0.92% of mineral substances, and in the chitin-containing raw shells of crayfish, respectively, contained 59.2% of water, 36.42% organic matter and 4.38% mineral matter. The particular interest is the study of crayfish shells, since they consist mainly of chitin. It is a bearing polysaccharide for invertebrate, reaching 85% of the weight of the integuments. In the cuticle of arthropods, chitin forms composite complexes with proteins, pigments, calcium salts. In the composition of the shells of crayfish, 376.282 mg/kg dry mass of calcium is noted. In smaller quantities phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc are noted. Titanium was found in crayfish shells in the amount of 1845 mg/kg dry weight and was not found in their muscle tissue and other aquatic organisms in the region. In the studied crayfish, the content of heavy metals in the wet mass was: Zn – 0.42 mg/kg; Cu 6.5 mg/kg; Fe – 1.39 mg/kg; Sr – 0.23 mg/kg. Residual amounts of zinc and copper in the muscular tissue of the edible parts of crayfish of the Kuibyshev reservoir are within the normal range. The content of hazardous elements (lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury) in the crayfish from the Kuibyshev reservoir is within the sanitary and epidemiological norms, and in the Volga delta crayfish the lead content is exceeded.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LUNAR SAMPLES

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (45) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A. Gavrishin ◽  
A. Coradini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lunar Samples ◽  
First Time

The aim of the research is to assess the reproducibility of analyses of the chemical composition of lunar samples and to study the quality of lunar regolith. As a result of the space expeditions "Moon" and "Apollo" performed by the USSR and the United States, numerous lunar samples were delivered to Earth. This paper explores two aspects of assessing the quality of lunar samples. 1) Reproducibility of analyses. Assessment of errors of determining the concentrations of chemical elements in lunar samples. 2) Assessment of the quality of the lunar regolith by the magnitude of the differences with the composition of the earth's soil (geoecological quality assessment). Geoecological assessment of the quality of the composition of the lunar regolith was made for the first time. Comparison of the chemical composition of the regolith delivered by the Luna-16 space expedition with the composition of terrestrial soils at concentrations of 30 elements has been made. It is determined that the lunar soil in the concentrations of many elements is significantly different from the earths. The geoecological situation is rated as a "crisis". 

Chemical Composition of Alloys as Primary Material Property Influencing the Accuracy of Measurements Obtained in Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDX) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Dawid Szyba
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Material Tests

The properties of the material affect the quality of the manufactured product. Before transferring the finished product to the production phase and sending it to the customer, material tests should be carried out. Examined material properties such as chemical composition, phase composition, grain boundaries influence results obtained after measurements of the chemical composition. The spectrometers used in SEM or as separate XRFs can be compared due to the principle of operation. The main difference in EDS/WDX or XRF is the types of a beam that excite the characteristic X-rays radiation peaks. Unfortunately, both types of spectroscopy have limitations due to materials properties such as the application light chemical elements in alloys an example of B. As well as small quantities of chemical elements in used alloys that affect the obtained results.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term donor irrigation on quality of underground water in the south-steppe zone of Ukraine (case of the Baraboy River, Odessa Region)

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Ya. S. Yarov ◽  
N. S. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Artesian Water

The article presents the results of in-situ studies of the chemical composition and quality of underground (subsoil and artesian) water within the basin of the Baraboy River where irrigation of agricultural areas using the water resources of the Dniester River has been carried out since 1967. These water resources are fed into the network of reservoirs and channels of the Lower Dniester Irrigation System. Filtration losses of water from irrigation areas and water supply and sewage systems of settlements replenish the reserves of underground (subsoil) waters increasing the ingress therein of dissolved substances from the sedimentary rocks which leads to increase in the concentrations of certain ingredients included in chemical composition of surface and underground waters within the basin of the Baraboy River. It is shown that groundwater is enriched with nitro-gen compounds containing high concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, calcium and magnesium. Mineralization, toxicity and degree of contamination of underground water increase along the length of the Baraboy River. The chemical composition of the groundwater coming to the riverbed of the Baraboy River does not meet the fishing requirements and worsen the water quality of fish farming water bodies. The results of assessment of groundwater quality at the stations under study give reason to consider these sources of groundwater as an important factor affecting the hydrochemical regime and the quality of the water of the Baraboy River and its reservoirs which should be taken into account when developing the recommendations for optimization of the current hydroecological state of the Baraboy River as a whole. If high mineralization and significant content of principle ions in groundwater can be explained by natural factors, the high level of contamination by biogenic substances is resulted from entering of industrial, domestic and return waters from irrigated areas into aquifers. Such contamination is not a temporary but a permanent phenomenon. In terms of magnesium content artesian waters used for utility and drinking water supply are recognized as «mediocre, suitable with limitations and having undesirable quality». In addition, after 50 years of operation compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus were found in artesian water, and this was not a case in 1960s of the last century. A conclusion on the negative effect of long-term donor irrigation on the quality of underground water and on the need for additional treatment of water of artesian aquifers of the Sarmatian Stage used for centralized water supply was made.

scholarly journals Study of the nature and causes of damage of 40KhN2MA steel propshafts

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
M. R. Orlov ◽  
L. V. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Fretting Corrosion ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Cause Of Formation ◽  
High Level

The nature and character of the destruction of the high-loaded airscrew shaft of the gas turbine engine made of steel 40KhN2MA are studied using the methods of scanning electron and optical microscopy and X-ray spectral microanalysis. We determined the chemical composition, microstructure and character of destruction of the flange part of the shaft. It is shown that chemical composition of the shaft material meets the requirements of the regulatory documents and defects of metallurgical origin are absent both in the metal of the shaft and in the fatigue fractures. All the identified cracks have been formed during operation, and developed according to the fatigue mechanism. Zones of fretting-wear and fretting-corrosion damage to the surface in the stud holes are the foci of the fatigue crack birth in the airscrew shaft. The cause of formation and development of the fatigue cracks in the shaft flange is a high level of contact stresses in the flange body, attribute to a poor quality of the interface of the splined joint due to significant fretting corrosion damage to the splines and vibration damages. A set of recommendations and measures aimed at elimination of the adverse factors is elaborated. To exclude the formation and development of fatigue cracks in the splined flange upon operation, we recommend to: optimize the tightening torque of the splined joint; introduce quality control of the interface between contact surfaces of the splined joint when replacing the airscrews; address the issue of dynamic balancing of the airscrews upon their production and repair.

scholarly journals Use of pulsed spray airflow for electric arc spraying of different types of wires

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1(59)) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Royanov ◽  
Irina Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
Spraying Process

The object of research is the control of the process of formation of a spraying air flow and the transfer of particles of liquid metal from electrodes during arc spraying. One of the problem areas of the arc spraying process is the oxidation of the sprayed metal particles by the oxygen of the air flow during their transportation to the sprayed surface. This leads to the formation of a sufficiently large amount of oxides of chemical elements, which significantly deteriorate the adhesion strength and burn out alloying elements that are necessary to obtain a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating. The suitability and durability of coatings during use depends on the strength of adhesion to the substrate. In the course of the study, methods were used to determine the adhesion strength of the coating to the base – the Steffens method and methods for studying the microstructure of coatings were taken as the basis. The data was processed and dependencies were plotted. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the quality of the resulting coating in terms of such an indicator as improvements in chemical composition. And also to influence the chemical composition by controlling the process of transfer of molten metal using a pulsating air flow. The obtained results of approbation of the method allow us to consider it effective, as evidenced by the quality of the obtained coatings. This is due to the fact that the correctness of the formulation and solution of the problem provided adequate results. In contrast to the existing methods, the proposed one makes it possible to significantly influence the amount of harmful oxygen involved in the formation of a sprayed coating, which makes it possible to obtain a sprayed layer with the required performance characteristics. And also allows to improve its quality without significant capital costs. In addition, the issues of resource and energy saving are being addressed, since the burnout of chemical elements decreases and the air consumption during arc metallization decreases. To solve this problem, a simple design of the pulsator is proposed, which provides the ability to control the spray flow by adjusting the level of overlapping of the holes.

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