scholarly journals Identification of (Z)-8-Heptadecene and n-Pentadecane as Electrophysiologically Active Compounds in Ophrys insectifera and Its Argogorytes Pollinator

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Bohman ◽  
Alyssa M. Weinstein ◽  
Raimondas Mozuraitis ◽  
Gavin R. Flematti ◽  
Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Ethyl Linoleate ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Headspace Volatile ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Sexually Deceptive Orchids ◽  
Specific Species

Sexually deceptive orchids typically depend on specific insect species for pollination, which are lured by sex pheromone mimicry. European Ophrys orchids often exploit specific species of wasps or bees with carboxylic acid derivatives. Here, we identify the specific semiochemicals present in O. insectifera, and in females of one of its pollinator species, Argogorytes fargeii. Headspace volatile samples and solvent extracts were analysed by GC-MS and semiochemicals were structurally elucidated by microderivatisation experiments and synthesis. (Z)-8-Heptadecene and n-pentadecane were confirmed as present in both O. insectifera and A. fargeii female extracts, with both compounds being found to be electrophysiologically active to pollinators. The identified semiochemicals were compared with previously identified Ophrys pollinator attractants, such as (Z)-9 and (Z)-12-C27-C29 alkenes in O. sphegodes and (Z)-9-octadecenal, octadecanal, ethyl linoleate and ethyl oleate in O. speculum, to provide further insights into the biosynthesis of semiochemicals in this genus. We propose that all these currently identified Ophrys semiochemicals can be formed biosynthetically from the same activated carboxylic acid precursors, after a sequence of elongation and decarbonylation reactions in O. sphegodes and O. speculum, while in O. insectifera, possibly by decarbonylation without preceding elongation.

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Sucrose Carboxylic Acid Polyesters — A Prototype of Non-Caloric or Surface Active Compounds

Lipid / Fett ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Angelika Elsner ◽  
G. Mieth ◽  
W. Engst ◽  
L. Aust ◽  
H.-J. Leverenz
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Compounds

scholarly journals Bioactivity-guided Separation of the Active Compounds in Acacia Pennata Responsible for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattamapan Lomarat ◽  
Sirirat Chancharunee ◽  
Natthinee Anantachoke ◽  
Worawan Kitphati ◽  
Kittisak Sripha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Biological Testing ◽  
Amyloid Aggregation ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Β Amyloid

The objective of this study was to evaluate the health benefits of plants used in Thai food, specifically Acacia pennata Willd., in Alzheimer's prevention. A. pennata twigs strongly inhibited β-amyloid aggregation. Bioactivity-guided separation of the active fractions yielded six known compounds, tetracosane (1), 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2), methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4), confertamide A (5) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Biological testing revealed that tetracosane (1) was the most potent inhibitor of β-amyloid aggregation, followed by 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2) with IC50 values of 0.4 and 12.3 μM. Methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6) moderately inhibited β-amyloid aggregation. In addition, tetracosane (1) and methyl tridecanoate (3) weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These results suggested that the effect of A pennata on Alzheimer's disease was likely due to the inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation. Thus A. pennata may be beneficial for Alzheimer's prevention.

scholarly journals Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking-Based Analysis on Bioactive Anticoronary Heart Disease Compounds in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim and Bulbus allii Macrostemi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yi-Ding Yu ◽  
Wang-Jun Hou ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Yi-Tao Xue ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Ethyl Linoleate ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Trichosanthes Kirilowii

Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Bulbus allii Macrostemi are the components of Gualou Xiebai decoction (GLXB), a commonly used herbal combination for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in traditional Chinese medicine. Although GLXB is associated with a good clinical effect, its active compounds and mechanism of action remain unclear, which limits its clinical application and the development of novel drugs. In this study, we explored key compounds, targets, and mechanisms of action for GLXB in the treatment of CHD using the network pharmacology approach. We identified 18 compounds and 21 action targets via database screening. Enrichment analysis indicated that the effects of GLXB in patients with CHD are primarily associated with the regulation of signalling pathways for tumour necrosis factor, nuclear factor-kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, arachidonic acid metabolism, and insulin resistance. GLXB thus exerts anti-inflammatory, antihypoxic, and antiagglutinating effects; regulates lipid metabolism; and combats insulin resistance in CHD via these pathways, respectively. After reverse targeting, we observed that the main active compounds of GLXB in the treatment of CHD were quercetin, naringenin, β-sitosterol, ethyl linolenate, ethyl linoleate, and prostaglandin B1. To explore the potential of these compounds in the treatment of CHD, we verified the affinity of the compounds and targets via molecular docking analysis. Our study provides a bridge for the transformation of natural herbs and molecular compounds into novel drug therapies for CHD.

scholarly journals Characterization of organic matter in sauce-aroma Chinese liquors by GC-MS and high resolution mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Yue Song ◽  
Lingyuan Xie ◽  
Jiahao Li ◽  
Zhouyang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Ethyl Linoleate ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Ethyl Palmitate ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Resolution Mass

In this study, a total of 25 main compounds of three sauce-aroma Chinese liquors were identified by GC-MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and 6 of them (methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, ethyl linoleate, methyl oleate, and ethyl oleate) were speculated to be characteristic substances of the Maotai series with sauce-aroma type. This study aims to find out the characteristic fingerprint of Chinese liquor and provide a new way for the rapid identification of liquor type and quality. Further experiments are needed to verify the suppose.

Lubrication Properties of Biodiesel: Experimental Investigation and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 1075-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Luo ◽  
Wei Yu Fan ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Guo Zhi Nan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Ethyl Linoleate ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ethyl Stearate ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Low Sulfur

In this work, biodiesels, such as such as ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, ethyl ricinoleate, were adopted as lubricity additives for low-sulfur diesel fuel, at the concentration range of 0.1~2 wt%. Tribological evaluation obtained from the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) showed that double bonds or hydroxyl introduced in the carbon chain of the esters could lead to a higher lubrication performance. The lubricity efficiency order was explained by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The lubricity enhancing properties of the esters are mainly determined by the cohesive energy of adsorbed films formed on iron surface. The greater the cohesive energy, the more efficiently it is that the esters enhance the lubricity of low-sulfur diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Olfactory receptor responses to sex pheromone components in the redbanded leafroller moth.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Response Frequency ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Odor Quality ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Redbanded Leafroller ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Electrical responses of single olfactory receptor neurons of the male redbanded leafroller moth were elicited by each of the principle components of the sex pheromone and six other behaviorally active compounds. Response frequencies to equal intensities of each of these compounds and changes in response frequency with increasing amounts of any one compound, varied from receptor to receptor. These differences in response characteristics appear to be due to factors intrinsic to the olfactory recptor neuron and not to factors external to it. The encoding of odor quality by these receptor neurons cannot be in the simple presence or absence of activity in any one of them. Rather, odor quality may be encoded by the pattern of activity which invariably arises across an ensemble of receptor neurons, each having its own distribution of sensitivities.

Direct carbon–carbon bond formation via reductive soft enolization: a syn-selective Mannich addition of α-iodo thioesters

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. 7864-7868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Truong ◽  
Scott J. Sauer ◽  
Cyndie Seraphin-Hatcher ◽  
Don M. Coltart
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Carbon Bond ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Soft Enolization ◽  
Amino Carboxylic Acid

The β-amino carboxylic acid moiety is a key feature of numerous important biologically active compounds.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Anticancer Perspective of Pyridopyrimidine Scaffold - An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-461
Author(s):  
Chaithra R. Shetty ◽  
C. S. Shastry
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic

The core pyridopyrimidines are gaining interest in organic and heterocyclic chemistry in recent days, as this scaffold acts as a building block because of its wide range of biological and pharmacological applications like anticancer, antimicrobial, fungicidal, antiviral, CNS, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review mainly emphasizes the evolution in anticancer properties of pyridopyrimidines since 2008 especially the method of synthesis and anticancer activity of synthesized compounds with reporting of active anticancer scaffolds. Important starting materials which are widely used for the synthesis are 2-thioxopyrimidine, ethyl 2-cyanoacetate, 2-amino-3-cyano-4-trifluoromethyl-6-phenyl-pyridine, 2-amino-4,6-disubstituted nicotinonitrile, 2-chloro-3-pyridine carboxylic acid, in which 2-thioxopyrimidine is found to be mostly employed in the synthesis. Pyridopyrimidines which are synthesized from different starting materials, in which the more active compounds are reported here which may help in further discovery/ development of novel molecules.

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