scholarly journals Age, Sex Hormones, and Circadian Rhythm Regulate the Expression of Amyloid-Beta Scavengers at the Choroid Plexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6813
Author(s):  
Ana C. Duarte ◽  
André Furtado ◽  
Mariya V. Hrynchak ◽  
Ana R. Costa ◽  
Daniela Talhada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Aβ Degradation ◽  
Aβ Clearance ◽  
The Impact

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is thought to derive from the impairment of Aβ clearance mechanisms rather than from its overproduction, which consequently contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The choroid plexus epithelial cells constitute an important clearance route for Aβ, either by facilitating its transport from the cerebrospinal fluid to the blood, or by synthesizing and secreting various proteins involved in Aβ degradation. Impaired choroid plexus synthesis, secretion, and transport of these Aβ-metabolizing enzymes have been therefore associated with the disruption of Aβ homeostasis and amyloid load. Factors such as aging, female gender, and circadian rhythm disturbances are related to the decline of choroid plexus functions that may be involved in the modulation of Aβ-clearance mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the impact of age, sex hormones, and circadian rhythm on the expression of Aβ scavengers such as apolipoprotein J, gelsolin, and transthyretin at the rat choroid plexus. Our results demonstrated that mRNA expression and both intracellular and secreted protein levels of the studied Aβ scavengers are age-, sex-, and circadian-dependent. These data suggest that the Aβ-degradation and clearance pathways at the choroid plexus, mediated by the presence of Aβ scavengers, might be compromised as a consequence of aging and circadian disturbances. These are important findings that enhance the understanding of Aβ-clearance-regulating mechanisms at the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier.

MMPs contribute to TNF-α-induced alteration of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. C855-C864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Zeni ◽  
Eva Doepker ◽  
Ulf Schulze Topphoff ◽  
Sabine Huewel ◽  
Tobias Tenenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus separate the central nervous system from the blood forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. The choroid plexus is the main source of CSF, whose composition is markedly changed during pathological disorders, for example regarding matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases (TIMPs). In the present study, we analyzed the impact of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the blood-CSF barrier using an in vitro model based on porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells (PCPEC). TNF-α evoked distinct inflammatory processes as shown by mRNA upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The cytokine caused a drastic decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance within several hours representing an enhanced permeability of PCPEC monolayers. In addition, the distribution of tight junction proteins was altered. Moreover, MMP activity in PCPEC supernatants was significantly increased by TNF-α, presumably due to a diminished expression of TIMP-3 that was similarly observed. MMP-2, -3, and -9 as well as TIMP-1 and -2 were also analyzed and found to be differentially regulated by the cytokine. The TNF-α-induced breakdown of the blood-CSF barrier could partially be blocked by the MMP inhibitor GM-6001. Our results show a contribution of MMPs to the inflammatory breakdown of the blood-CSF barrier in vitro. Thus TNF-α may mediate the binding of leukocytes to cellular adhesion molecules and the transmigration across the blood-CSF barrier.

scholarly journals Assessment of cerebral microbleeds by susceptibility-weighted imaging in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A neuroimaging biomarker of the disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianvincenzo Sparacia ◽  
Francesco Agnello ◽  
Giuseppe La Tona ◽  
Alberto Iaia ◽  
Federico Midiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau 181

Purpose The objective of this study was to correlate the presence and distribution of cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer’s disease patients with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels) and cognitive decline by using susceptibility-weighted imaging magnetic resonance sequences at 1.5 T. Material and methods Fifty-four consecutive Alzheimer’s disease patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T to assess the presence and distribution of cerebral microbleeds on susceptibility-weighted imaging images. The images were analyzed in consensus by two neuroradiologists, each with at least 10 years’ experience. Dementia severity was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination score. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between the number and location of cerebral microbleed lesions with the age, sex, duration of the disease, cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels, and cognitive functions. Results A total of 296 microbleeds were observed in 54 patients; 38 patients (70.4%) had lobar distribution, 13 patients (24.1%) had non-lobar distribution, and the remaining three patients (5.6%) had mixed distribution, demonstrating that Alzheimer’s disease patients present mainly a lobar distribution of cerebral microbleeds. The age and the duration of the disease were correlated with the number of lobar cerebral microbleeds ( P < 0.001). Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta, phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels, and cognitive decline were correlated with the number of lobar cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer’s disease patients ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Lobar distribution of cerebral microbleeds is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and the number of lobar cerebral microbleeds directly correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau 181 protein levels and with the cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease patients.

Pengaruh Lama Pengasinan Terhadap Kadar Protein Putih Telur Itik

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
Muji Rahayu ◽  
Siti Aminah
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Egg White Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Duck Egg ◽  
Egg Period ◽  
Graph Presentation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background : Egg  is one of the animal protein source, which has delicious taste, easy to digest and highly nutritious. Besides its affordable price, its supply availability is unquestionable as well. However, due to its short storability, it requires special treatment, such as preserving, to store it for long period. One way to preserve the egg is by pickling egg, which generally requires seven to ten days of marinating. During the process of marinating, there will be a visual change of egg white and yolk. Their structures  will be more solid (the occurrence of thickening process) because salinization will lead to protein denaturalization. Consequently, it has an influence as well towards the content of egg white protein of duck egg. This study is aimed to explore the impact of various time of pickling egg towards egg white protein of duck egg. Method  : The study where takes place in a laboratories, is a true experimental study for the reason that the researcher must provide intervention, hence all of potentially confounding variables are manageable. Samples that had been used in this study are duck eggs which were bought from North Brebes. This study is expected to generate data from four various time of pickling egg and control (no treatment). Since there are four samples, accordingly the number of data resulted are twenty. The resulted data will be descriptively presented in table, graph, presentation, and narration. Result  : Protein level examination within duck white egg shows changes  in protein levels that occurs in every variation of pickling egg time, where the average results of the assay of duck egg white protein is 14.94% without treatment (control), in five days of pickling time is 13.68%, in seven days of pickling time is 13.29%, in nine days of pickling time is 12.87% and eleven days of pickling time is 12.78%. Conclusion  : There is a significant impact among the period of pickling time to the protein level degradation of duck white egg. Keywords : Duck egg, period of pickling time, level protein of duck white egg.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

Effects of Food Protein Levels on Haematological Parameters of Growing Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Serge-Olivier Konan KOUASSI ◽  
◽  
Yves Bénarèce Tra DJE BI ◽  
Soualio KAMAGATE ◽  
Mathieu Nahounou BLEYERE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to determine the impact of dietary crude protein levels on the hematological parameters of Japanese quail from growth to ovipositor. To this end, five feeds with different crude protein levels (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26%) were supplied to 700 quails of three weeks of age. These were subdivided into six batches, including three batches of females and three batches of males for each feed group. After subjecting the quails to diets containing the different protein levels, four samples were taken at the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh week of age. The samples taken were analyzed using an SYSMEX XN 350 automated hematological analyzer. The results of this investigation indicated that non-significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in hematological parameters in both female and male quails. This study showed that dietary crude protein levels had no impact on the health status of Japanese quails. Keywords: Japanese quails, Crude protein, Hematological parameters.

Amyloid beta in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Blood as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

HAPS Educator ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Brie Paddock ◽  
Kimberly Canfield ◽  
Sarah Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Beta

Fluoxetine Protects against Dendritic Spine Loss in Middle-aged APPswe/PSEN1dE9 Double Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Spine Pathology ◽  
The Impact

Background: Studies have suggested that cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with dendritic spine loss, especially in the hippocampus. Fluoxetine (FLX) has been shown to improve cognition in the early stage of AD and to be associated with diminishing synapse degeneration in the hippocampus. However, little is known about whether FLX affects the pathogenesis of AD in the middle-tolate stage and whether its effects are correlated with the amelioration of hippocampal dendritic dysfunction. Previously, it has been observed that FLX improves the spatial learning ability of middleaged APP/PS1 mice. Objective: In the present study, we further characterized the impact of FLX on dendritic spines in the hippocampus of middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. Results: It has been found that the numbers of dendritic spines in dentate gyrus (DG), CA1 and CA2/3 of hippocampus were significantly increased by FLX. Meanwhile, FLX effectively attenuated hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser396 and elevated protein levels of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) and synapsin-1 (SYN-1) in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These results indicated that the enhanced learning ability observed in FLX-treated middle-aged APP/PS1 mice might be associated with remarkable mitigation of hippocampal dendritic spine pathology by FLX and suggested that FLX might be explored as a new strategy for therapy of AD in the middle-to-late stage.

Understanding the Impact of Bullying in a Unionized U.S. Public Sector Workforce

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen El Ghaziri ◽  
Shellie Simons ◽  
Jane Lipscomb ◽  
Carla L. Storr ◽  
Kathleen McPhaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Bargaining Unit ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Organizational Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Background: Workplace Bullying (WPB) can have a tremendous, negative impact on the victims and the organization as a whole. The purpose of this study was to examine individual and organizational impact associated with exposure to bullying in a large U.S. unionized public sector workforce. Methods: A cross-sectional Web-based survey was conducted among 16,492 U.S. state government workers. Survey domains included demographics, negative acts (NAs) and bullying, supportiveness of the organizational climate, and individual and organizational impacts of bullying. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact among respondents who reported exposure to bullying. Findings: A total of 72% participants responded to the survey (n = 11,874), with 43.7% (n = 5,181) reporting exposure to NAs and bullying. A total of 40% (n = 4,711) participants who experienced WPB reported individual impact(s) while 42% ( n = 4,969) reported organization impact(s). Regular NA was associated with high individual impact (negatively impacted them personally; odds ratio [OR] = 5.03) when controlling for other covariates including: female gender (OR =1.89) and job tenure of 6 to 10 years (OR = 1.95); working in a supportive organizational climate and membership in a supportive bargaining unit were protective of high impact (OR = 0.04 and OR = 0.59, respectively). High organizational impact (transferring to another position) was associated with regular NA and bullying (OR = 16.26), female gender (OR = 1.55), providing health care and field service (OR = 1.68), and protective effect of organizational climate (OR = 0.39). We found a dose-response relationship between bullying and both individual and organizational-level impact. Conclusion/Application to Practice: Understanding the impacts of WPB should serve to motivate more workplaces and unions to implement effective interventions to ameliorate the problem by enhancing the organizational climate, as well as management and employee training on the nature of WPB and guidance on reporting.

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