scholarly journals Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Revealed Molecular Mechanism for Salt Resistance in Soybean Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12848
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Jianfeng Wang ◽  
Keke Li ◽  
Shengwang Wang ◽  
Juan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Salinity stress is a threat to yield in many crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, three soybean cultivars (JD19, LH3, and LD2) with different salt resistance were used to analyze salt tolerance mechanisms using physiology, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and bioinformatic methods. Physiological studies showed that salt-tolerant cultivars JD19 and LH3 had less root growth inhibition, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, lower ROS accumulation, and lower Na+ and Cl- contents than salt-susceptible cultivar LD2 under 100 mM NaCl treatment. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that compared with LD2, salt stress increased the expression of antioxidant metabolism, stress response metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, auxin response protein, transcription, and translation-related genes in JD19 and LH3. The comparison of metabolite profiles indicated that amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle were important metabolic pathways of soybean in response to salt stress. In the further validation analysis of the above two pathways, it was found that compared with LD2, JD19, and LH3 had higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation rate, more amino acid accumulation, and faster TCA cycle activity under salt stress, which helped them better adapt to salt stress. Taken together, this study provides valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance of soybean and also proposes new ideas and methods for cultivating stress-tolerant soybean.

scholarly journals Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal metabolic mechanisms of Nitraria sibirica Pall. to salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanyong Li ◽  
Xiaoqian Tang ◽  
Xiuyan Yang ◽  
Huaxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Region ◽  
Nitraria Sibirica

AbstractNitraria sibirica Pall., a typical halophyte that can survive under extreme drought conditions and in saline-alkali environments, exhibits strong salt tolerance and environmental adaptability. Understanding the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic response to salt stress of plant will better promote the cultivation and use of halophytes. To explore the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic of N. sibirica response to salt stress, two-month-old seedlings were treated with 0, 100, and 400 mM NaCl. The results showed that the differentially expressed genes between 100 and 400 mmol L−1 NaCl and unsalted treatment showed significant enrichment in GO terms such as binding, cell wall, extemal encapsulating structure, extracellular region and nucleotide binding. KEGG enrichment analysis found that NaCl treatment had a significant effect on the metabolic pathways in N. sibirica leaves, which mainly including plant-pathogen interaction, amino acid metabolism of the beta alanine, arginine, proline and glycine metabolism, carbon metabolism of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and spliceosome. Metabolomics analysis found that the differential metabolites between the unsalted treatment and the NaCl treatment are mainly amino acids (proline, aspartic acid, methionine, etc.), organic acids (oxaloacetic acid, fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, etc.) and polyhydric alcohols (inositol, ribitol, etc.), etc. KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed that 100 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment had a greater effect on the sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism in N. sibirica leaves, while various amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, photosynthetic carbon fixation and sulfur metabolism and other metabolic pathways have been significantly affected by 400 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment. Correlation analysis of differential genes in transcriptome and differential metabolites in metabolome have found that the genes of AMY2, BAM1, GPAT3, ASP1, CML38 and RPL4 and the metabolites of L-cysteine, proline, 4-aminobutyric acid and oxaloacetate played an important role in N. sibirica salt tolerance control. This is a further improvement of the salt tolerance mechanism of N. sibirica, and it will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for treatment of saline-alkali soil and the cultivation of halophytes.

Effects of Si+, K+ and Ca2+ on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Osmolytes in Halocnemum strobilaceum under Salt Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2542-2550
Author(s):  
Dan Su ◽  
Nian Lai Chen ◽  
Tian Peng Gao ◽  
Chun Yan Wang ◽  
Hong Mei Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Salts ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Halocnemum Strobilaceum

We evaluated the effects of silicon , potassium, and calcium on the salt-tolerant plant Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pal.l) Bie under salt stress. The experimental treatments consisted of a NaCl-only treatment (150, 450, or 900 mmol/l NaCl), a complex salts treatment (NaCl with K+, Ca2+,andSi+at total concentrations of 150, 450, or 900 mmol/l;(Na+:K+:Ca2+:Si+=1:0.03:0.14:0.004), and a control with no complex ions or NaCl. After 20 and 60 days of treatments, we investigated activities of the major antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), as well as succulence and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline(Pro) and glycine betain (GB). We found that additions of K+, Ca2+, and Si+partially alleviated the negative effects of salinity stress by increasing the salt tolerance of the plant. The improved salt tolerance was associated with increased Pro, GB,and increased activities of SOD, CAT, and POD,and decrease MDA. In contrast, the NaCl-only treatments caused marked decreases in succulence and soluble protein contents. The results of these experiments suggest that K+, Ca2+, and Si+can alleviate the damaging effects of salt on H. strobilaceum by preventing oxidative membrane and oxidant enzyme activities damage, and that they may be associated with osmotic adjustment.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Tolerant and Sensitive Varieties Reveals That Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Contributes to Salt Tolerance in Mulberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9402
Author(s):  
Tiantian Gan ◽  
Ziwei Lin ◽  
Lijun Bao ◽  
Tian Hui ◽  
Xiaopeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Selection Of

Mulberry, an important woody tree, has strong tolerance to environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, and heavy metal stress. However, the current research on mulberry resistance focuses mainly on the selection of resistant resources and the determination of physiological indicators. In order to clarify the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in mulberry, the physiological changes and proteomic profiles were comprehensively analyzed in salt-tolerant (Jisang3) and salt-sensitive (Guisangyou12) mulberry varieties. After salt treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and proline content were significantly increased compared to control, and the MDA and proline content in G12 was significantly lower than in Jisang3 under salt stress. The calcium content was significantly reduced in the salt-sensitive mulberry varieties Guisangyou12 (G12), while sodium content was significantly increased in both mulberry varieties. Although the Jisang3 is salt-tolerant, salt stress caused more reductions of photosynthetic rate in Jisang3 than Guisangyou12. Using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomics, the changes of mulberry proteome levels were analyzed in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive mulberry varieties under salt stress. Combined with GO and KEGG databases, the differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in the GO terms of amino acid transport and metabolism and posttranslational modification, protein turnover up-classified in Guisangyou12 while down-classified in Jisang3. Through the comparison of proteomic level, we identified the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may play an important role in salt tolerance of mulberry. We clarified the molecular mechanism of mulberry salt tolerance, which is of great significance for the selection of excellent candidate genes for saline-alkali soil management and mulberry stress resistance genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Melatonin Application Improves Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Cen ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Huayue Liu ◽  
Danyang Tian ◽  
Yunwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated forage grass. The productivity and forage quality of alfalfa are severely affected by salt stress. Melatonin is a bioactive molecule with versatile physiological functions and plays important roles in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Melatonin has been proven efficient in improving alfalfa drought and waterlogging tolerance in recent studies. In our reports, we applied melatonin exogenously to explore the effects of melatonin on alfalfa growth and salt resistance. The results demonstrated that melatonin application promoted alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, and reduced oxidative damage under salt stress. Further application research found that melatonin alleviated salt injury in alfalfa plants under salt stress. The electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and H2O2 content were significantly reduced, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were increased with melatonin pretreatment compared to control plants under salt stress with the upregulation of genes related to melatonin and antioxidant enzymes biosynthesis. Melatonin was also involved in reducing Na+ accumulation in alfalfa plants. Our study indicates that melatonin plays a primary role as an antioxidant in scavenging H2O2 and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes to improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa plants.

scholarly journals An AP2/ERF Gene, HuERF1, from Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Qu ◽  
Quandong Nong ◽  
Shuguang Jian ◽  
Hongfang Lu ◽  
Mingyong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Ethylene Response Factors

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a high salt-tolerant fruit, and ethylene response factors (ERFs) play important roles in transcription-regulating abiotic tolerance. To clarify the function of HuERF1 in the salt tolerance of pitaya, HuERF1 was heterogeneously expressed in Arabidopsis. HuERF1 had nuclear localization when HuERF1::GFP was expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts and had transactivation activity when HuERF1 was expressed in yeast. The expression of HuERF1 in pitaya seedlings was significantly induced after exposure to ethylene and high salinity. Overexpression of HuERF1 in Arabidopsis conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress, reduced the accumulation of superoxide (O2 · ¯ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and improved antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that HuERF1 is involved in ethylene-mediated salt stress tolerance, which may contribute to the salt tolerance of pitaya.

Influence of NaCl Salinity on the Behaviour of Protease, Aminopeptidase and Carboxypeptidase in Rice Seedlings in Relation to Salt Tolerance

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Dubey ◽  
M Rani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Activities of the enzymes protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase were determined in seedlings of rice cultivars with different salt tolerances raised under increasing levels of NaCl salinity. Salinity caused a marked increase in protease activity in roots as well as shoots, though activity was higher in roots than in shoots. Salt-tolerant cultivars possessed higher levels of protease activity in control as well as salt-stressed seedlings compared with salt-susceptible cultivars. During a growth period of 5-20 days, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity increased up to days 10-15 and decreased thereafter. Salt treatment caused a sharp increase in LAP activity in roots of both sets of cultivars. The increase was larger in tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. In shoots, unlike roots, higher salinity suppressed LAP activity, and suppression was more marked in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones. Carboxypeptidase activity was higher in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones under both control as well as salt treatments. Roots maintained higher levels of carboxypeptidase activity than shoots. Results suggest an increased rate of proteolysis in salt-stressed rice seedlings and an association of salt-tolerance ability with higher protease and aminopeptidase activities and lower carboxypeptidase activity under salinisation.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Maize Inbred Lines to Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4725
Author(s):  
Fenqi Chen ◽  
Peng Fang ◽  
Yunling Peng ◽  
Wenjing Zeng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that causes great loss of yield and serious decrease in quality in maize (Zea mays L.). Therefore, it is very important to reveal the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in maize. To acknowledge the molecular mechanisms underlying maize salt tolerance, two maize inbred lines, including salt-tolerant 8723 and salt-sensitive P138, were used in this study. Comparative proteomics of seedling roots from two maize inbred lines under 180 mM salt stress for 10 days were performed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. A total of 1056 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. In total, 626 DEPs were identified in line 8723 under salt stress, among them, 378 up-regulated and 248 down-regulated. There were 473 DEPs identified in P138, of which 212 were up-regulated and 261 were down-regulated. Venn diagram analysis showed that 17 DEPs were up-regulated and 12 DEPs were down-regulated in the two inbred lines. In addition, 8 DEPs were up-regulated in line 8723 but down-regulated in P138, 6 DEPs were down-regulated in line 8723 but up-regulated in P138. In salt-stressed 8723, the DEPs were primarily associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Intriguingly, the DEPs were only associated with the nitrogen metabolism pathway in P138. Compared to P138, the root response to salt stress in 8723 could maintain stronger water retention capacity, osmotic regulation ability, synergistic effects of antioxidant enzymes, energy supply capacity, signal transduction, ammonia detoxification ability, lipid metabolism, and nucleic acid synthesis. Based on the proteome sequencing information, changes of 8 DEPs abundance were related to the corresponding mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results from this study may elucidate some details of salt tolerance mechanisms and salt tolerance breeding of maize.

scholarly journals Comparative physiological and full-length transcriptome analyses reveal the molecular mechanism of melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihua Zhan ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Zhanqi Wang ◽  
Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Signal Molecule

Abstract Background Melatonin, a multifunctional signal molecule, has been reported to play crucial roles in growth and development and stress responses in various plant species. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a food crop with extremely high values of nutrition and healthcare. Recent reports have revealed the protective role of melatonin in alleviating salt stress. However, little is known about its regulatory mechanisms in response to salt stress in okra. Results In this study, we explored whether exogenous melatonin pretreatment could alleviate salt stress (300 mM NaCl) of okra plants. Results showed that exogenous application of melatonin (50 μM) significantly enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress, as demonstrated by the plant resistant phenotype, as well as by the higher levels of the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content in comparison with nontreated salt-stressed plants. Additionally, melatonin pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content and scavenged O2•- in melatonin-pretreated plants, which may be attributed to the higher levels of enzyme activities including POD and GR. Moreover, a combination of third- (PacBio) and second-generation (Illumina) sequencing technologies was applied to sequence full-length transcriptomes of okra. A total of 121,360 unigenes was obtained, and the size of transcript lengths ranged from 500 to 6000 bp. Illumina RNA-seq analysis showed that: Comparing with control, 1776, 1063 and 1074 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified from the three treatments (NaCl, MT50 and MT + NaCl, respectively). These genes were enriched in more than 10 GO terms and 34 KEGG pathways. Nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in all three treatments. Many transcription factors including MYB, WRKY, NAC etc., were also identified as DEGs. Conclusions Our preliminary results suggested that melatonin pretreatment enhanced salt tolerance of okra plants for the first time. These data provide the first set of full-length isoforms in okra and more comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanism of melatonin responses to salt stress.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq And WGCNA Analysis Identifies Salt-Responsive Genes In Pear (Pyrus Ussuriensis Maxim)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Chen ◽  
Huizhen Dong ◽  
Zhihua Xie ◽  
Kaijie Qi ◽  
Xiaosan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Rna Seq

Abstract Background: Pear is one of the most abundant fruit crops and has been cultivated world-wide. However, the salt injury events caused by increased salinity limited the distribution and sustainable production of pear crops. Therefore, it is needed to take further efforts to understand the genetics and mechanisms of salt tolerance to improved salt resistance and productivity.Results: In this work, we analyzed the dynamic transcriptome of pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) under salt stress by using RNA-Seq and WGCNA. A total of 3540, 3831, 8374, 6267 and 5381 genes were identified that were differentially expressed after exposure to 200mM NaCl for 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and 1163 genes were shared among the five comparisons. KEGG enrichment analysis of these DEGs (differentially expressed genes) revealed that “MAPK signaling” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” pathways were highly enriched. Meanwhile, 622 DEGs identified from WGCNA were highly correlated with these pathways, and some of them were able to indicate the salt tolerance of pear varieties. In addition, we provide a network to demonstrate the time-sequence of these co-expressed MAPK and hormone related genes.Conclusion: A comprehensive analysis about salt-responsive pear transcriptome were performed by using RNA-Seq and WGCNA. We demonstrated that “MAPK signaling” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” pathways were highly recruited during salt stress, and provided new insights into the metabolism of plant hormones related signaling at transcriptome level underlying salt resistance in pear. The dynamic transcriptome data obtained from this study and these salt-sensitive DEGs may provide potential genes as suitable targets for further biotechnological manipulation to improve pear salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Screening of rice genotypes for salt tolerance by physiological and biochemical characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Bhowmik ◽  
Mohammad Golam Kibria ◽  
Mohammad Saidur Rhaman ◽  
Yoshiyuki Murata ◽  
Md. Anamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Biochemical Responses

Crop production is unexpectedly hampered by different abiotic stresses. Salinity is one of the leading stresses, which snappishly hampers plant developmental progression. Local rice landraces exhibit noticeable salt tolerance as well as high yield. However, research is scarce about the physio-biochemical responses of local landraces and modern cultivar under saline conditions. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to reveal the physio-biochemical responses of local landraces and modern cultivar under salinity stress. Five landraces (Jotai, Icheburogolghor, Morishal, Chapail, Kumro buro) and two modern cultivars (BR23 and BRRI dhan41) were subjected to 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl treatment. The effects of salt stress on morphological parameters, proline contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Salt stress reduces the morphological parameters of all tested cultivars. The Morishal and BRRI dhan41 exhibited higher growth of plant and physiological parameters than other cultivars under the highest salinity. The catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited a significant increase whereas peroxidase (POX) activity significantly declined in all the cultivars under salinity stress. Morishal and BRRI dhan41 showed the highest proline content under the maximum saline condition. These results suggest that the high tolerant landrace and modern cultivars were Morishal and BRRI dhan41 respectively. These results also suggest that Morishal and BRRI dhan41 exhibited high tolerance to salinity by enhancing proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities.

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