scholarly journals Adipose Lipolysis Regulates Cardiac Glucose Uptake and Function in Mice under Cold Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13361
Author(s):  
Youngshim Choi ◽  
Hyunsu Shin ◽  
Ziwei Tang ◽  
Yute Yeh ◽  
Yinyan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
And Function

The heart primarily uses fatty acids as energy substrates. Adipose lipolysis is a major source of fatty acids, particularly under stress conditions. In this study, we showed that mice with selective inactivation of the lipolytic coactivator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) in adipose tissue (FAT-KO mice), relative to their littermate controls, had lower circulating FA levels in the fed and fasted states due to impaired adipose lipolysis. They preferentially utilized carbohydrates as energy fuels and were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant. Under cold stress, FAT-KO versus control mice had >10-fold increases in glucose uptake in the hearts but no increases in other tissues examined. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac mRNAs for atrial and brain-type natriuretic peptides, two sensitive markers of cardiac remodeling, were also elevated. After one week of cold exposure, FAT-KO mice showed reduced cardiac expression of several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins. After one month of cold exposure, hearts of these animals showed depressed functions, reduced SERCA2 protein, and increased proteins for MHC-β, collagen I proteins, Glut1, Glut4 and phospho-AMPK. Thus, CGI-58-dependent adipose lipolysis critically regulates cardiac metabolism and function, especially during cold adaptation. The adipose-heart axis may be targeted for the management of cardiac dysfunction.

Environmental influences on adiponectin levels in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Imbeault
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Output

In addition to its classic role in the storage and release of nonesterified fatty acids, the adipocyte is now recognized as a critical source of many endocrine signals. Of these signals, adiponectin has been found to promote lipid oxidation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and to reduce glucose output in the liver. Because of the effects of adiponectin on these organs, the search for factors or conditions that could positively influence the synthesis of this adipocyte-derived protein has drawn a great deal of interest. This brief review explores the effects of environmental influences such as weight loss, acute food intake, exercise, and cold exposure on circulating adiponectin levels in humans.

scholarly journals Warm Perches: A Novel Approach For Reducing Cold Stress Effect on Production, Plasma Hormones, and Immunity in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Hu ◽  
Heng Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Stress Effect

Abstract Background: Cold temperature is a common environmental stressor that has a great impact on the poultry industries, inducing pathophysiological stress in birds with profound economic losses. Current methods used for preventing cold stress, such as reducing ventilation and using gas heaters, are facing challenges due to poor indoor air quality and its deleterious effects on bird and caretaker health. The aim of this study was to examine if the novelly designed warmed perch system, as a thermal device, can reduce cold stress-associated adverse effects on laying hens. Methods: Seventy-two 32-week-old DeKalb hens were randomly assigned to 36 cages arranged to 3 banks. The banks were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: cages with warmed perches (WP; perches with circulating water at 30 oC), air perches (AP, regular perches only) or no perches (NP) for a 21- day trial. The room temperature was set at 10 oC during the entire experimental period. Rectal temperature and body weight were measured from the same bird of each cage at day 1, 8, 15, and 21 during the cold exposure. Egg production was recorded daily. Feed intake, egg and eggshell quality were determined during the 1st and 3rd week of cold stress. Plasma levels of corticosterone, thyroid hormones (3, 3’, 5-triiodothyronine and thyroxine), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, were determined at day 1 and 21 post initiation of cold exposure. Results: Compared to both AP and NP hens, WP hens were able to maintain their body temperature without increasing feed intake and losing body weight. The eggs laid by WP hens had thicker eggshell during the 3rd week of cold exposure. Warmed perch hens also had a lower thyroxine conversion rate (3, 3’, 5-triiodothyronine/thyroxine) at day 1, while higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 at day 21. Plasma levels of corticosterone, 3, 3’, 5-triiodothyronine, and IL-10 were not different among treatments. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the warmed perch system can be used as a novel thermal device for preventing cold stress-induced negative effects on hen health and welfare through regulating innate immunity and metabolic hormonal homeostasis.

EFFECTS OF ACUTE COLD EXPOSURE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF NORADRENALINE AND ADRENALINE IN SHEEP

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. THOMPSON ◽  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON ◽  
V. A. HAMMOND ◽  
G. A. HILLS
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

Six acute cold trials were performed with mature wethers shorn to a fleece depth of 5–10 mm and maintained in a controlled environment chamber. Heart rate, hematocrit and plasma concentrations of glucose, noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were measured during each trial which consisted of a 90-min period at 25 °C, a 150-min period of cold stress (to −19 °C) and a 120-min warming period. All measurements and samples were taken from outside the controlled environment chamber by means of extended conduits to minimize animal disturbance. Mean values at 25 °C were: heart rate 69 beats/min, hematocrit 26.7%, plasma glucose 62 mg/100 ml, NA 0.24 ng/ml and A 0.07 ng/ml. By 120- to 150-min cold exposure, mean values of all variables had increased (P < 0.001) to: heart rate 223 beats/min, hematocrit 33.1%, plasma glucose 115 mg/100 ml, NA 1.11 ng/ml and A 0.24 ng/ml. Following cold exposure, mean values of all variables returned toward pre-cold period values as chamber temperature approached 25 °C. A seventh trial performed at constant temperature (24 °C) demonstrated the marked elevation in plasma catecholamine concentrations when an experimental animal was disturbed. These trials demonstrated: (a) that plasma NA and A concentrations in resting unrestrained ruminants are similar to those of other animals in the same state, (b) that it is important to minimize animal disturbance while studying catecholamines, and (c) that he sympatho-adrenal medullary system is involved in the physiological response of sheep to acute cold stress.

scholarly journals Suppression of Myocardial HIF-1α Compromises Metabolic Adaptation and Impairs Cardiac Function in Patients with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease During Puberty

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Liu ◽  
Qipeng Luo ◽  
Zhanhao Su ◽  
Junyue Xing ◽  
Jinlin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
And Function

Background: Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a complex pathophysiological condition involving systemic chronic hypoxia (CH). Some CCHD patients are unoperated due to various reasons and remain chronically hypoxic throughout their lives, which heightens the risk of heart failure as they age. Hypoxia activates cellular metabolic adaptation to balance energy demands by accumulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α). This study aims to determine the effect of CH on cardiac metabolism and function in CCHD patients and its association with age. The role of HIF-1α in this process was investigated and potential therapeutic targets were explored. Methods: CCHD patients ( n = 25) were evaluated for cardiac metabolism and function using positron-emission tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Heart tissue samples were subjected to metabolomic and protein analyses. CH rodent models were generated to enable continuous observation of changes in cardiac metabolism and function. The role of HIF-1α in cardiac metabolic adaptation to CH was investigated using genetically modified animals and isotope-labeled metabolomic-pathway tracing studies. Results: Prepubertal CCHD patients had glucose-dominant cardiac metabolism and normal cardiac function. By comparison, among patients who had entered puberty, the levels of myocardial glucose uptake and glycolytic intermediates were significantly decreased, but fatty acids were significantly increased, along with decreased left-ventricular ejection fraction. These clinical phenotypes were replicated in CH rodent models. In CCHD patients and animals exposed to CH, myocardial HIF-1α was upregulated prior to puberty, but was significantly downregulated during puberty. In cardiomyocyte-specific Hif-1α -knockout mice, CH failed to initiate the switch of myocardial substrates from fatty acids to glucose, thereby inhibiting ATP production and impairing cardiac function. Increased insulin resistance (IR) during puberty suppressed myocardial HIF-1α and was responsible for cardiac metabolic maladaptation in animals exposed to CH. Pioglitazone significantly reduced myocardial IR, restored glucose metabolism, and improved cardiac function in pubertal CH animals. Conclusions: In CCHD patients, maladaptation of cardiac metabolism occurred during puberty, along with impaired cardiac function. HIF-1α was identified as the key regulator of cardiac metabolic adaptation in animals exposed to CH, and pubertal IR could suppress its expression. Pioglitazone administration during puberty might help improve cardiac function in CCHD patients.

Platelet Function in Experimentally Induced Pancreatitis in the Dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Jacobs ◽  
R J Murtaugh ◽  
R H Fertel
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Functional Defect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimentally Induced

SummaryEvidence suggests that changes in prostaglandins and disseminated intravascular coagulation accompany pancreatitis. Both may induce changes in platelet function. We wished to determine if experimentally induced pancreatitis in the dog was associated with altered platelet number and function, and whether there were concomitant changes in prostaglandins. Evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dogs with pancreatitis were red blood cell fragmentation, increased platelet turnover indicated by macro-platelets and the transient presence of fibrin degradation products in urine. There were no significant changes in platelet count. The platelets from dogs with pancreatitis showed a functional defect characterized by significantly decreased aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid, and collagen. Release of adenosine triphosphate from platelets was reduced in collagen-stimulated aggregation. There were no changes in the plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2, 6-Keto-PGF1a, and PGE2. This defect may have been due to the generation of fibrin degradation products and platelet “exhaustion”.

scholarly journals Cellular and metabolic mechanisms of nutrient actions in immune function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Immune Cell Function ◽  
And Function

AbstractVarious nutrients can change cell structure, cellular metabolism, and cell function which is particularly important for cells of the immune system as nutrient availability is associated with the activation and function of diverse immune subsets. The most important nutrients for immune cell function and fate appear to be glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamin D. This perspective will describe recently published information describing the mechanism of action of prominent nutritional intervention agents where evidence exists as to their action and potency.

scholarly journals The Sum of Plasma Fatty Acids iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-CLA, and cis6-18:1 as Biomarker of Dairy Intake Established in an Intervention Study and Validated in the EPIC Cohort of Gipuzkoa

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Alaitz Berriozabalgoitia ◽  
Juan Carlos Ruiz de Gordoa ◽  
Mertxe de Renobales ◽  
Gustavo Amores ◽  
Luis Javier R. Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Dairy Product Consumption

The questioned reliability of 15:0, 17:0, and trans9-16:1 acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake also questions the relationship between the intake of these products and their health effects. Two studies were conducted in the same geographical region. In an intervention study, volunteers followed a diet rich in dairy products followed by a diet without dairy products. Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids (FA) were analyzed, and their correlations with dairy product intakes were tested. The FA biomarkers selected were validated in the Gipuzkoa cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) observational study. The correlation coefficients between plasma concentrations of iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-18:2, and cis6-18:1 and the dairy fat ingested are similar in both studies, indicating that their concentration increases by 0.8 µmol/L per gram of dairy fat ingested. The biomarkers are positively related to plasma triglycerides (r = 0.324 and 0.204 in the intervention and observational studies, respectively) and total cholesterol (r = 0.459 and 0.382), but no correlation was found between the biomarkers and atherogenicity indexes. In conclusion, the sum of the plasma concentration of the selected FAs can be used as biomarkers of dairy product consumption. A linear relationship exists between their plasma concentrations and ruminant product intake. These biomarkers allow for obtaining consistent relationships between dairy intake and plasma biochemical parameters.

Plasma glycerophospholipid profile, erythrocyte n–3 PUFAs, and metabolic syndrome incidence: a prospective study in Chinese men and women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Chen ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Geng Zong ◽  
Huaixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Background Animal studies have highlighted critical roles of glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism in various metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related features such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. However, human prospective studies of associations between circulating GPs and risks of MetS are scarce. Objectives We aimed to investigate whether GPs are associated with incidence of MetS in a well-established cohort. Methods A total of 1243 community-dwelling Chinese aged 50–70 y without MetS at baseline and followed up for 6 y were included in current analyses. A total of 145 plasma GPs were quantified by high-throughput targeted lipidomics. MetS was defined using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. Results After 6 y, 429 participants developed MetS. Eleven GPs, especially those with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) or very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) at the sn-2 position, including 1 phosphatidylcholine (PC) [PC(18:0/22:6)], 9 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) [PE(16:0/22:6), PE(18:0/14:0), PE(18:0/18:1), PE(18:0/18:2), PE(18:0/20:3), PE(18:0/22:5), PE(18:0/22:6), PE(18:1/22:6), and PE(18:2/22:6)], and 1 phosphatidylserine (PS) [PS(18:0/18:0)], were positively associated with incident MetS (RRs: 1.16–1.30 per SD change; Bonferroni-corrected P &lt; 0.05). In network analysis, the strongest positive association for MetS incidence was evidenced in a module mainly composed of PEs containing C22:6 and PSs [RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31 per SD change; Bonferroni-corrected P &lt; 0.05]. This association was more pronounced in participants with lower erythrocyte total n–3 PUFA concentrations [Bonferroni-corrected Pinter(P value for the interaction)&lt; 0.05]. Conclusions Elevated plasma concentrations of GPs, especially PEs with LCPUFAs or VLCPUFAs at the sn-2 position, are associated with higher risk of incident MetS. Future studies are merited to confirm our findings.

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