scholarly journals Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Bertrand Ebner ◽  
Louis Vincent ◽  
Jelani Grant ◽  
Claudia Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
South Florida ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapies, there has been a decrease in HIV-related mortality, but an increase in non-AIDS-related comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to investigate current status of cardiac catheterization (CC) procedures in people with HIV (PWH). This is a retrospective study done at a University Hospital in South Florida between 2017 and 2019. Medical records from 985 PWH indicated that CC was performed in 1.9% of the cases. Of the PWH who underwent CC, 68% were found to have obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Among obstructive CAD cases, PCI was performed in 77% and CABG in 21% of cases; 26% had a repeat procedure and 11% died from non-cardiac causes. When comparing PWH who had CC to those who did not, there was a significantly higher rate of statin use (63% vs. 25%, p < 0.015) and a higher prevalence of low ejection fraction (38% vs. 11%, p = 0.004) among those patients who underwent CC. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.13), HbA1c levels (p = 0.32), CD4 count (p = 0.45) nor in undetectable viral load status (p = 0.75) after controlling for age, sex and BMI. Despite the finding of traditional CVD risk factors among PWH, there were no differences in HIV-related factors among patients requiring CC, supporting the importance of optimization of traditional CVD risk factors in this population.

scholarly journals Effect of DASH Diet Versus Healthy Dietary Advice on the Estimated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272098095
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Said ◽  
Inas T. El Sayed ◽  
Eman E. Ibrahim ◽  
Ghada M. Khafagy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diet Versus

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most leading cause of mortality worldwide. Changes in diet can reduce subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation in parallel with reductions of other CVD risk factors. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of the DASH diet versus usual healthy dietary advice (HDA) on the estimated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: It was a prospective interventional nonrandomized controlled study, conducted on 92 participants attending Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics, Cairo University. The participants were assigned to 2 dietary groups, the DASH and HDA groups, for 12 weeks. All subjects were subjected to anthropometric measurement, assessment of lipid profile, and the estimated cardiovascular risk pre-and post-intervention. Results: The estimated cardiovascular risk was reduced significantly in both the DASH and HDA groups, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the risk reduction. By comparing the percent change between pre and post-intervention in both DASH and HDA groups, the following are the results: BMI dropped by 6.5% versus 2.5%, systolic blood pressure decreased by 6.9% and 4.1%, fasting blood sugar dropped by 5.5% and 3.1%, total cholesterol dropped by 5.2% and 3.1%, LDL dropped by 8.2%, and 3.1%, and HDL increased by 8.2% and 2.4%, in DASH and HDA groups, respectively. Conclusion: Both the DASH diet and HDA are associated with improvement in CVD risk factors. Although better risk factors decline with the DASH diet, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.

Determining the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Knowledge and Related Factors Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110464
Author(s):  
Emine Karaman ◽  
Aslı Kalkım ◽  
Banu Pınar Şarer Yürekli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors

In this study was to determine knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and to explore related factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who have not been diagnosed with CVD. This descriptive study was conducted with 175 adults. Data were collected individual identification form and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) scale. A negative correlation was found between age and CARRF-KL score. A significant difference was found between educational status and CARRF-KL score. The individuals described their health status as good, managed their condition with diet and exercise, received information from nurses, adults with DM in their family and those with no DM complications had significantly higher scores in CARRF-KL. The knowledge of an individual with DM about CVD risk factors should be assessed, CVD risks should be identified at an early stage, and individuals at risk should be subjected to screening.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in patients with localized urinary tract tumors (UTT).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 422-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ramos ◽  
Yu-Ning Wong ◽  
Simon J. Crabb ◽  
Guenter Niegisch ◽  
Joaquim Bellmunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Metastatic Setting ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Localized Disease

422 Background: VTE is common in cancer patients, but there is limited data in patients with UTT. We previously demonstrated that non-urothelial histology, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors or renal dysfunction increased VTE risk in metastatic UTT. In this study, we assessed the frequency and risk factors for VTE in localized disease. Methods: Data was collected via an electronic data capture platform from 29 centers. Patients diagnosed with < cT2, > N1, or M1 disease at diagnosis were excluded. Patients without a date of diagnosis, last follow up, or VTE data were excluded. Cumulative, unadjusted VTE incidence was calculated from time of diagnosis, excluding VTEs diagnosed in the metastatic setting. Chi-squared analyses were used to assess differences in VTE rates for various patient, therapy, and tumor-related factors. Significant covariates were incorporated into a multivariate, logistic regression model. Results: 1131 patients were eligible for analysis. Perioperative chemotherapy was utilized in 46.9% (530/1131) of patients. 70.8% (801/1131) underwent definitive surgical intervention. There were 64 VTEs (cumulative incidence 5.7%). Treatment with chemotherapy (p = 0.609) or surgery (p = 0.886) did not increase VTE risk. In the univariate analysis, non-urothelial histology (p = 0.025), CVD or CVD risk factors (p = 0.004), renal dysfunction (p = 0.023), and radiation to the primary tumor (p = 0.048) were statistically significant factors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that non-urothelial histology and CVD or CVD risk factors were associated with increased VTE risk (table). Conclusions: The VTE incidence of 5.7% in localized disease is lower than our previously reported rate in the metastatic setting (8.2%). Consistent with our findings in metastatic UTT, non-urothelial histology and CVD or CVD risk factors increase VTE risk in localized disease. Additional analyses to control for baseline demographics in patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy will be performed. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaron Ras ◽  
Duncan Mosie ◽  
Matthew Strauss ◽  
Lloyd Leach
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Firefighting is a hazardous occupation, and the firefighters’ fitness for duty is affected by their knowledge of and attitudes toward their health and their relationship in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude toward health and CVD risk factors among firefighters in South Africa.Design and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design. A sample of 110 firefighters, males and females, aged 18 to 65 years were conveniently sampled from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service. A researcher-generated self-administered questionnaire was completed online to obtain data from firefighters. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results: The results showed that 52.8% of firefighters had a poor knowledge of health, and 47.2% had a good knowledge of health, while 10% reported a negative attitude towards health and 90.0% had a positive attitude towards health. There was a significant difference between firefighters’ knowledge of health and their attitudes toward health (p<0.05), particularly related to marital status, age, years of experience and in those with CVD risk factors (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between knowledge of CVD and knowledge of health-risk behaviors (p<0.05).Conclusion: Significant differences in health knowledge and attitudes toward health were present in married, aged and hypertensive firefighters. Overall health knowledge and health-risk behaviours were significant predictors of attitudes toward health.

Abstract 16935: Cardiovascular Disease in Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients - A Case-Control Study Using Electronic Medical Records Data

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Mukherjee ◽  
Howard Wiener ◽  
Russell Griffin ◽  
Lisle M Nabell ◽  
Carrie G Lenneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction: Cancer survivors have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to age-adjusted general population. However, traditional CVD risk factors alone do not fully explain increased CVD risk in cancer patients. Cancer-related factors like cancer site, stage and chemotherapy may also contribute to CVD. Despite increase in head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases in recent years, little is known about CVD risk in HNSCC patients. We aim to assess association of traditional risk factors and cancer-related factors with CVD in HNSCC patients. Methods: Electronic medical records data of 2391 HNSCC patients diagnosed between 2012-2018 at the UAB O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, were included. ICD-9/10 codes were used to identify HNSCC patients, CVD cases and traditional risk factors. CVD cases were defined as those with composite events of ischemic heart disease and/ or heart failure; controls were without any CVD diagnosis. Cancer site, stage and treatment were included. Logistic regression [OR(95%CI)] was used to assess association of risk factors with CVD, adjusting for age, race, and gender. Results: HNSCC patients were mostly white (82.7%), male (74.7%) and had Stage III/IV cancer (46.6%). Oral cavity was the most common cancer site (32.9%), followed by oropharynx (31.7%); 55.4% patients had hypertension, 23.0% had dyslipidemia, and 16.1% had diabetes. CVD was diagnosed in 16.1% patients, who were more likely to be older [median age 67.0 vs 60.0 years, p<0.0001]. In the multivariable model, hypertension [2.08(1.54-2.80)], diabetes [2.03(1.52-2.70)] and dyslipidemia [2.36(1.82-3.07)] were associated with CVD. Smoking status was not associated. Association of cancer stage with CVD varied by cancer site. Stage III/IV oropharynx cancer patients had lower odds of CVD than stage I/II oropharynx patients [0.38(0.30-0.92)]. No association with cancer stage was observed in oral cavity patients. Compared to chemotherapy, surgery [0.85(0.63-1.14)] and other treatments {0.61(0.41-0.89)] had lower odds of CVD. Conclusions: Traditional CVD risk factors remain associated with CVD in HNSCC patients. In addition, cancer-related factors (oropharynx cancer, advanced cancer stage and chemotherapy) are also associated with CVD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control and Lifestyle Factors in Young to Middle-Aged Adults with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Garshick ◽  
Georgeta D. Vaidean ◽  
Anish Vani ◽  
James A. Underberg ◽  
Jonathan D. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: While progress in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been noted over the past several decades, there are still those who develop CVD earlier in life than others. Objective: We investigated traditional and lifestyle CVD risk factors in young to middle-aged patients compared to older ones with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with a new diagnosis of obstructive CAD undergoing coronary intervention was performed. Young to middle-aged patients were defined as those in the youngest quartile (n = 281, mean age 50 ± 6 years, 81% male) compared to the other three older quartiles combined (n = 799, mean age 69 ± 7.5 years, 71% male). Obstructive CAD was determined by angiography. Results: Young to middle-aged patients compared to older ones were more likely to be male (p < 0.01), smokers (21 vs. 9%, p < 0.001), and have a higher body mass index (31 ± 6 vs. 29 ± 6 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Younger patients were less likely to eat fruits, vegetables, and fish and had fewer controlled CVD risk factors (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.0 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). Compared to older patients, higher levels of psychological stress (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4), financial stress (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.5), and low functional capacity (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 2.4–4.5) were noted in the young to middle-aged population as well. Conclusion: Lifestyle in addition to traditional CVD risk factors should be taken into account when evaluating risk for development of CVD in a younger population.

scholarly journals Lack of Excess Cardiovascular Risks among First Degree Relatives of Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: Is Lifestyle the Cause?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo H Raimi ◽  
Bolade Folasade Dele-Ojo ◽  
Samuel A Dada ◽  
Joseph O Fadare
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
State University ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is rising worldwide with a projected increase of more than 50% in next three decades. Family History of Diabetes (FHD) is a recognised risk factor for DM, but development of DM in relatives of people with the disease, who carry susceptible genes, is dependent on interaction with other factors such as nutrition, physical activity and environment. Aim: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and impact of lifestyle on the CVD risk factors among adult Nigerian with FHD. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among staff and students of Ekiti State University and Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Eighty-six participants with FHD were age and sex-matched with 86 participants who had no FHD. Relevant demographic and lifestyle information were obtained, and clinical measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences and blood pressures were obtained by standard protocols. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid panel were determined. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria (IDF). The clinical, laboratory and other variables of the people with FHD and those without FHD were compared with Pearson’s Chi-Square and Student’s t-test. Results: The age, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory parameters were similar between the two groups. Participants with FHD consume more poultry (17.6% vs 3.5%) and less red meat (27.1% vs 37.2%) than those without FHD (p=0.036), but the level of physical activity and consumption of fruits/vegetables, and smoking did not differ between the two groups. Metabolic syndrome was equally prevalent between the people with or without FHD (p=0.846). There was no significant difference (p>0.05), in the prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and obesity between the two groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar among people with or without FHD. Healthy lifestyle may explain the lack of excess CVD risk factors among people with FHD.

scholarly journals Cardio vascular risk profile among diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Shubhransu Patro ◽  
Sushant Kande ◽  
Dandi Suryanarayana Deo ◽  
Debasis Pathi ◽  
Sidharth Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Diabetes is associated with reduced quality of life and wide range of complications including CVD which vary geographically. The likely causes for the dramatic increase in the CVD rates include lifestyle changes associated with urbanization and the epidemiologic as well as nutritional transitions that are associated with economic development. This study aims to identify the CVD risk factors that exists among the diabetes patients of Odisha.Methods: The study was conducted in KIMS during July-December 2016. A total of 300 diabetic and 300 non-diabetic patients were included in the study. Medical history and lifestyle data were collected using a pretested structured format and a separate checklist for laboratory results. Patient interview, physical examination and laboratory analysis were performed. Chi-square test was performed to identify significance of difference between prevalence of risk factors between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses (forward stepwise addition) were performed to identify the variables significantly associated with CVD risk factors. Significance level of 5% was considered.Results: Total 376 males and 224 females were enrolled in the study with higher proportion of male participants in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Overall mean age of study subjects was 47.5±10.4 years. No significant difference was observed for demographic distribution between both groups. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients was 86%, while prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia were 71% and 62.3% respectively.Conclusions: Overall prevalence of CVD risk factors observed in this study among population of Odisha, is higher compared to reported prevalence for other regions of India.

Abstract P139: Association of a Potentially Functional Wnt Pathway Mutation With Carotid Artery Wall Traits in African Ancestry Men

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L Kuipers ◽  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Ryan Cvejkus ◽  
Clareann H Bunker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery Wall ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Significant Difference

The wingless (Wnt) pathway is known to regulate many human systems, including embryonic development, bone mineralization, and cancer. There is emerging basic research evidence that the Wnt pathway is also involved in angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and vascular damage repair. However, there have been no studies of the Wnt pathway and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human populations. In a cohort of Afro-Caribbean men (the Tobago Health Study (THS)), we previously identified a potentially functional coding mutation (Ala64Thr) in the Frizzled-1 ( FZD1 ) gene, which acts as a co-receptor with the low-density lipoprotein receptor protein (LRP) to initiate the Wnt signaling cascade. This mutation has a carrier frequency of ~4% in the THS and additional studies reported in the 1000 genomes project have found similar frequencies in other predominantly West African populations. In order to investigate the phenotypic consequences of this Wnt pathway mutation on subclinical CVD, we measured carotid artery wall traits using B-mode ultrasonography in 64 Ala64Thr mutation carriers and 395 controls from the THS. For this analysis, carotid artery measures of interest included carotid plaque prevalence, and common carotid mean intima-media thickness (IMT), inter-adventitial diameter (IAD), and lumen diameter (LD). We assessed differences in carotid traits by Ala64Thr status using multiple linear regression adjusting for CVD risk factors, including age, BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Men were aged 64 years and were overweight (BMI: 27.5kg/m 2 ), on average. Prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is high in this sample (66% and 24%, respectively). Men with Ala64Thr tended to be older and had higher prevalence of hypertension than non-carriers (P<0.05 for both). Carrying the Ala64Thr mutation was associated with significantly wider carotid diameters and, after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, mutation carriers had >1/3 of a SD greater LD than non-carriers (P=0.01). The effect magnitude of this mutation was similar for IAD, though not statistically significant (P=0.08). There was no significant difference in carotid IMT or plaque prevalence. While this mutation is not expected to be severely deleterious using in silico prediction software, Ala64 is highly conserved and located in a putative signaling peptide sequence. Carriers of a low frequency FZD1 coding mutation show greater remodeling of the carotid artery compared to non-carriers, suggesting that the Wnt pathway may be involved in vascular changes that occur early in the atherosclerotic disease process.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of four commercially available weight-loss programmes on lipid-based cardiovascular risk factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Morgan ◽  
BA Griffin ◽  
DJ Millward ◽  
A DeLooy ◽  
KR Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Weight Watchers

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relative efficacy of four popular weight-loss programmes on plasma lipids and lipoproteins as measures of CVD risk.DesignA multi-centred, randomised, controlled trial of four diets – Dr Atkins’ New Diet Revolution, The Slim-Fast Plan, Weight Watchers Pure Points programme and Rosemary Conley’s ‘Eat yourself Slim’ Diet and Fitness Plan – against a control diet, in parallel for 6 months.Setting and subjectsThe trial was conducted at five universities across the UK (Surrey, Nottingham, Ulster (Coleraine), Bristol and Edinburgh (Queen Margaret University College)) and involved the participation of 300 overweight and obese males and females aged 21–60 years in a community setting.ResultsSignificant weight loss was achieved by all dieting groups (5–9 kg at 6 months) but no significant difference was observed between diets at 6 months. The Weight Watchers and Rosemary Conley (low-fat) diets were followed by significant reductions in plasma LDL cholesterol (both −12·2 % after 6 months, P < 0·01), whereas the Atkins (low-carbohydrate) and Weight Watchers diets were followed by marked reductions in plasma TAG (–38·2 % and –22·6 % at 6 months respectively, P < 0·01). These latter two diets were associated with an increase in LDL particle size, a change that has been linked to reduced CVD risk.ConclusionsOverall, these results demonstrate the favourable effects of weight loss on lipid-mediated CVD risk factors that can be achieved through commercially available weight-loss programmes. No detrimental effects on lipid-based CVD risk factors were observed in participants consuming a low-carbohydrate diet.

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