scholarly journals The Link between SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Inflammation and Hypercoagulability-Impact of Hemorheologic Alterations on Cardiovascular Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3015
Author(s):  
Johanna Sandor-Keri ◽  
Istvan Benedek ◽  
Stefania Polexa ◽  
Imre Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Blood Coagulability

The link between severe forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and cardiovascular diseases has been well documented by various studies that indicated a higher risk of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients, in parallel with a higher risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases. It seems that inflammation, which is a major pathophysiological substrate for both acute myocardial infarction and severe forms of COVID-19, may play a pivotal role in the interrelation between these two critical conditions, and hypercoagulability associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection could be responsible for acute cardiovascular complications. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) proved to be independent predictors for prognosis in acute coronary syndromes and systemic inflammatory diseases; therefore, they may be used as independent prognostic markers of disease severity in COVID-19 infection. The aim of this review is to present the most recent advances in understanding the complex link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation and alteration of blood coagulability and hemorheology, leading to major cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Role of Adipokines in Atherosclerosis: Interferences with Cardiovascular Complications in Rheumatic Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morena Scotece ◽  
Javier Conde ◽  
Rodolfo Gómez ◽  
Verónica López ◽  
Jesús Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pathologic Alteration ◽  
Holistic Vision

Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of mortality by cardiovascular events. In fact, several rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatic patients, these alterations do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Obesity and its pathologic alteration of fat mass and dysfunction, due to an altered pattern of secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, could be one of the links between cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Indeed, the incidence of CVDs is augmented in obese individuals with rheumatic disorders. Thus, in this paper we explore in detail the relationships among adipokines, rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular complications by giving to the reader a holistic vision and several suggestions for future perspectives and potential clinical implications.

scholarly journals Role of the Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Colazzo ◽  
Paolo Gelosa ◽  
Elena Tremoli ◽  
Luigi Sironi ◽  
Laura Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotrienes ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Owing to their properties, CysLTs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation; therefore, CysLT modifiers as synthesis inhibitors or receptor antagonists, central in asthma management, may become a potential target for the treatment of other inflammatory diseases such as the cardiovascular disorders. 5-LO pathway activation and increased expression of its mediators and receptors are found in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects observed by using CysLT modifiers are promising and contribute to elucidate the link between CysLTs and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of present research about the role of the CysLTs in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Evaluation of The use of Psychoactive Substances Among Patients Admitted to a Cardiology Intensive Care Unit: Prevalence and Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S201-S201
Author(s):  
C. Chevallier ◽  
A. Batisse ◽  
B. Merat ◽  
J.G. Dillinger ◽  
E. Bourgogne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Toxicological Research ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
High Level ◽  
Systematic Identification

IntroductionAddiction to psychoactive substances (PAS) can lead to cardiovascular complications. Cardiotoxicity of drugs is known but it is rarely documented by toxicology.ObjectivesWe conducted a prevalence study on PAS use among patients with cardiac symptoms, with an analysis of diagnosis and a description of PAS user's characteristics.AimsTo improve the therapeutic management in addictology for cardiac patients.MethodsProspective observational study performed during 3 months. Patients admitted in cardiology had to complete a hetero-questionnaire about his PAS consumption and a qualitative toxicological research in urine and/or blood (immunochemical/GC–MS detection).ResultsOne hundred and sixty-one patients were included: 86% men, aged 24–68 years (Table 1). Results show a high level of PAS use in our population: 8.7%. A significant PAS use is observed among patients aged 40–70 years, with a prevalence of 22% for the 40–49, 15% for the 50–59 and 7% for the 60–69. PAS detected were mainly cannabis and cocaine. Clinical diagnoses of patients positive to PAS were acute coronary syndromes and severe cardiac arrhythmias.ConclusionsIn patients admitted in cardiology, toxicological screening is rarely done. Our study shows a significant PAS use among patients aged 40–70 years. According to data of the French Health Barometer, there is regular use of cannabis and cocaine at respectively 3% and 1.1% among people aged 18–64. These results invite us to achieve a more systematic identification of PAS use among patients with cardiovascular disorders and to optimize the therapeutic management by a systematic orientation in addictology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Association between Peripheral Blood Cells and the Frailty Syndrome in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1433
Author(s):  
Constantin Bodolea ◽  
Elisabeta I. Hiriscau ◽  
Elena-Cristina Buzdugan ◽  
Alin I. Grosu ◽  
Laurențiu Stoicescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cell ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Frail Patients

Background: Frailty syndrome is characterized by multisystem dysregulation frequently found in older individuals or even in younger patients with chronic disabling diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To determine whether peripheral blood cell count, and its subpopulations, red blood cell and platelets, morphology and different ratios (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and red blood distribution width-to-platelet ratio) are associated with cardiac frail patients, and through this to improve the prediction of frailty status in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cohort study enrolling 179 patients with cardiovascular disease divided into two groups: non-frail group (100 pts) and frail group (79 pts), a cohort detached from the Frail.RO study. The frailty was evaluated based on the Fried criteria; haematological markers, sociodemographic data, and variables related to cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities were also recorded. Results: Lower lymphocytes, platelet count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly associated with a more severe frailty syndrome. Regarding red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration and red cell distribution width significantly correlated with the severity of the frailty syndrome. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for these markers associated with the frailty syndrome revealed an acceptable sensitivity of 66 % and specificity of 65% to identify frail individuals. Malnutrition and hypercholesterolemia are relevant predictors for identifying frailty in hospitalized cardiovascular patients. Conclusion: The evaluation of peripheral blood cell composition routinely measured in clinical practice can represent a valuable, but limited indicator, to diagnose frailty syndrome and eventually, the effects of interventions in frail patients with cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Macrophages as Emerging Key Players in Mitochondrial Transfers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidan Pang ◽  
Changqing Zhang ◽  
Junjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Obesity And Cancer ◽  
Host Tissues

Macrophages are a group of heterogeneous cells widely present throughout the body. Under the influence of their specific environments, via both contact and noncontact signals, macrophages integrate into host tissues and contribute to their development and the functions of their constituent cells. Mitochondria are essential organelles that perform intercellular transfers to regulate cell homeostasis. Our review focuses on newly discovered roles of mitochondrial transfers between macrophages and surrounding cells and summarizes emerging functions of macrophages in transmitophagy, metabolic regulation, and immune defense. We also discuss the negative influence of mitochondrial transfers on macrophages, as well as current therapies targeting mitochondria in macrophages. Regulation of macrophages through mitochondrial transfers between macrophages and their surrounding cells is a promising therapy for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, obesity, and cancer.

scholarly journals Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio as a New Predictor of In-hospital Mortality in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyao Zhai ◽  
Biyang Zhang ◽  
Jianlong Wang ◽  
Yuyang Liu ◽  
Yujie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: It has been discovered that both inflammation and platelet aggregation could cause crucial effect on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. As a combination of platelet and lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was proved to be correlated with the severity as well as prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Exploring the relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients was the purpose of this study. Method: PLR was calculated by dividing platelet count by lymphocyte count. All patients were grouped by PLR quartiles and the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The independent effect of PLR was determined by binary logistic regression analysis. The curve in line with overall trend was drawn by local weighted regression (Lowess). Subgroup analysis was used to determine the relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality in different subgroups. Result: We included 5577 CICU patients. As PLR quartiles increased, in-hospital mortality increased significantly (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 13.9 vs 8.3, P <0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, PLR was proved to be independently associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: OR, 95% CI: 1.99, 1.46-2.71, P<0.001, P for trend <0.001). The Lowess curves showed a positive relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality. The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with low Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) or with less comorbidities had higher risk of mortality for PLR. Further, PLR quartiles had positive relation with length of CICU stay (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 2.7, 1.6-5.2 vs 2.1, 1.3-3.9, P<0.001), and the length of hospital stay (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 7.9, 4.6-13.1 vs 5.8, 3.3-9.8, P<0.001). Conclusion: PLR was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in CICU patients.

scholarly journals Determination of serum glycated albumin and high sensitivity C - reactive protein in the insight of cardiovascular complications in diabetic chronic kidney disease patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
Bhooma Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Giri Padmanabhan ◽  
Kumaresan Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction ◽  
Group I

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been proved as one among the cardiovascular complications and pre- dominant in patients with CKD. In CKD patients, Glycated albumin (GA) express a superior marker of glycemic control than HbA1c. Nevertheless, the precision of GA for the prediction of cardiovascular diseases among the CKD population has been ineffectively reported. The present study looks at the part of GA, HbA1c in CKD to envisage vascular complications. Materials and methods: One hundred and ninety-four patients were selected in the present study. The study has a control group (Group I, N: 52) and participants were divided into two groups based on vein diseases (Group II, N: 42; two vessels and group III, N: 100; triple vessel disease). Serum glycated albumin, hsCRP and other routine parameters were estimated in all the three groups. 2-dimensional echocardiography (2D Echo) has been done by a cardiologist to all the study patients for assessing ejection fraction and distinguish the sort of vessel diseases. Results: Group I compared with group II and III shown there was a significant association among blood glucose, serum creati- nine, HbA1c, mean blood glucose, GA, ejection fraction and hsCRP. Additionally, observed that increased levels of HbA1c, GA and creatinine inversely related to the left ventricle ejection fraction. Notwithstanding, GA and hsCRP predict precisely the left ventricle ejection fraction than different parameters. Conclusion: GA alongside hsCRP might be appropriate markers for anticipating cardiovascular diseases particularly left ventricle hypertrophy in diabetic CKD population. Keywords: CKD; glycemic control; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy; GA; HbA1c. 

scholarly journals Vascular erectile dysfunction: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
A.A. Kamalov ◽  
◽  
S.T. Matskeplishvili ◽  
M.E. Chaliy ◽  
D.A. Okhobotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Scientific Publications

Introduction. Erectile dysfunction (ED) combines many conditions leading to erectile dysfunction and disability to perform sexual intercourse. It was confirmed that the most common cause of ED is vascular disorders, primarily associated with atherosclerosis that leads to cardiovascular diseases. Objective. To analyze the available literature data about the methods for diagnosis vascular ED, including according to cardiovascular system status. Materials and methods. The results of the search in scientific databases Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Elibrary.ru were analyzed. After a detailed verification of the reliability of sources, impact factors of journals and the sequence of presentation of the material, 63 most relevant scientific publications were selected directly for citation. Results. The first step of the vascular ED diagnosis is the monitoring of nocturnal penile tumescences. Next, the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and ED are evaluated: anamnesis of elevated blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, body weight, measurement of blood pressure, blood analysis with the lipid and glycemic profiles. For the diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction (END), the determination of flow-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery is used, with the possible determination of the rate of blood filling after decompression. After the END is confirmed in patients with ED, it is useful to determine the vascular age using the SCORE scale. For further management of the patient with ED and END, stratification of the associated with sexual activity cardiovascular complications risk is recommended. Conclusion. The proposed diagnostic algorithm will allow not only identify the vascular component of ED at an early stage, but also to avoid fatal cardiovascular complications by prescribing and recommending therapeutic and preventive measures to patients with asymptomatic cardiovascular diseases.

Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiovascular disorders: roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidaseThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry X. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
In Cells

Cardiovascular diseases are the predominant cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Underlying mechanism for the susceptibility of diabetic patients to cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. Elevated oxidative stress was detected in diabetic patients and in animal models of diabetes. Hyperglycemia, oxidatively modified atherogenic lipoproteins, and advanced glycation end products are linked to oxidative stress in diabetes. Mitochondria are one of major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases electron leak and the generation of ROS from the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). High levels of glucose and lipids impair the activities of MRC complex enzymes. NADPH oxidase (NOX) generates superoxide from NADPH in cells. Increased NOX activity was detected in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increased the expression of NOX in vascular endothelial cells. Accumulated lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS production is linked to many processes associated with diabetic cardiovascular complications. Overproduction of ROS resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX activation is associated with uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which leads to reduced production of nitric oxide and endothelial-dependent vasodilation. Gene silence or inhibitor of NOX reduced oxidized or glycated LDL-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells. Statins, hypoglycemic agents, and exercise may reduce oxidative stress in diabetic patients through the reduction of NOX activity or the improvement of mitochondrial function, which may prevent or postpone the development of cardiovascular complications.

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