scholarly journals Bone Biopsy for Histomorphometry in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): State-of-the-Art and New Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4617
Author(s):  
Luca Dalle Carbonare ◽  
Maria Teresa Valenti ◽  
Sandro Giannini ◽  
Maurizio Gallieni ◽  
Francesca Stefani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Concrete Solution ◽  
The Cost

The use of bone biopsy for histomorphometric analysis is a quantitative histological examination aimed at obtaining quantitative information on bone remodeling, structure and microarchitecture. The labeling with tetracycline before the procedure also allows for a dynamic analysis of the osteoblastic activity and mineralization process. In the nephrological setting, bone biopsy is indicated to confirm the diagnosis of subclinical or focal osteomalacia and to characterize the different forms of renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Even if bone biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and specific classification of ROD, the use of this approach is very limited. The main reasons for this are the lack of widespread expertise in performing or interpreting bone biopsy results and the cost, invasiveness and potential pain associated with the procedure. In this regard, the sedation, in addition to local anesthesia routinely applied in Italian protocol, significantly reduces pain and ameliorates the pain perception of patients. Concerning the lack of widespread expertise, in Italy a Hub/Spokes model is proposed to standardize the analyses, optimizing the approach to CKD patients and reducing the costs of the procedure. In addition, new tools offer the possibility to evaluate the osteogenic potential or the ability to form bone under normal and pathological conditions, analyzing mesenchymal stem cells and their ability to differentiate in the osteogenic lineage. In the same way, circulating microRNAs are suggested as a tool for exploring osteogenic potential. The combination of different diagnostic approaches and the optimization of the bioptic procedure represent a concrete solution to spread the use of bone biopsy and optimize CKD patient management.

Classification of the factors forming the cost of the web-site

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
E. S. Epifanov
Keyword(s):  
Web Site ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Web

This article presents a classification of major factors that shape the cost of Internet site. Also discusses the limitations in determining the objectives of the web site; advantages and disadvantages of different factors.

scholarly journals Classification of cesarean section through Robson criteria: an emerging concept to audit the increasing cesarean section rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4674
Author(s):  
Anita Kant ◽  
Shweta Mendiratta
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vaginal Birth After Cesarean ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
Poor Tolerance ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The Cost

Background: There has been an increase in rate of cesarean section over last five decades. This is a matter of international public health concern as it increases the cesarean section related maternal morbidity. The aim of the present study was to audit the increasing rate of caesarean section.Methods: In the present study, all cases delivered by cesarean section during the period of six months were recorded and classified according to Robson's 10 group classification system. This was an attempt to see which clinically relevant groups contributed most to the cesarean deliveries.Results: There was a trend of increased percentage of cesarean section in group 5 and 2 respectively in present study. Increasingly sedentary lifestyle and poor tolerance to pain are adding to cesarean delivery on maternal request.Conclusions: We should judiciously make use of vaginal birth after cesarean section but not at the cost of maternal or fetal health. Standardization of indication of cesarean deliveries, regular audits and definite protocols in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 hospital will aid in curbing the rate of cesarean deliveries in hospitals.

ORGANIZATION OF AUDITING OPERATING EXPENSES OF ENTERPRISE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Audit ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Administrative Expenses ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of the study is to study the organization and procedure for conducting an audit of operating expenses of the enterprise. Materials and methods. The study used research methods such as monographs and synthesis (when analyzing existing publications), analysis, induction and deduction, comparisons and key components. Research results. The essence of the audit is to provide practical assistance to the management and economic services of the enterprise in the management and management of its finances, as well as the establishment of financial and management accounting, providing various consultations. Audit can be divided into the following stages: organizational, pilot, final. Operating expenses are a major component of an enterprise's costs. These are the costs associated with the main activity of the enterprise (production of products, services, performance of work). According to P (C) BO 16 “Expenses” to operating expenses include administrative expenses, sales expenses, other operating expenses. Expenditure audit entities may include: accounting policies, cost accounting transactions, records in primary documents, accounting records and reporting, information on accounting misconduct, and abuses that have been documented in audit acts, audits, auditors' reports. The audit of costs should begin with the verification of the statement of financial results to confirm the accuracy of its performance, the study of the organization of production (if the enterprise is engaged in production) and technological processes, the study of cost estimates, planned calculations and other conditions. When reviewing the accumulation and write-off of administrative expenses, sales costs and other operating expenses, the auditor should check the correctness of the classification of expenses to administrative, sales and other operating expenses. The following techniques are used to collect audit evidence: document verification, confirmation, counting, surveys, analytical procedures. Through the procedures of observation, questioning and confirmation, they obtain the supporting information contained in the accounting records. The calculation procedure consists in checking the arithmetic accuracy of the primary documents and accounting records or in performing the calculations independently (inventory). Analytical procedures involve the analysis of the most important indicators and ratios, including a summary study of deviations and relationships that conflict with other information relevant to the case or deviate from the expected indicators. During the cost audit, the auditor checks the appropriateness of the formulas used in the calculations, the correctness of the calculation procedures (the amount of tests depends on the materiality of the estimated values). Conclusions. Operating expense audit is an integral part of an enterprise's overall audit. Improving organizational aspects of cost audit is associated with deepening the practice of analytical procedures at all stages of the audit. For organization of internal audit of expenses at the enterprise it is necessary to carry out regular control of correctness of their formation.

scholarly journals CERTIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND QUALITY CONTROL IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
CH Bekmurotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Product Classification ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
The Cost

The article reviewed the certification and quality control of the technological process for the production of vegetable oil. There is a procedure for packaging, quality control of products, determination of quality indicators and quality control of finished products. The procedure for using refined cottonseed oil and its varieties, the requirements for placement and storage of vegetable oils, as specified in the regulatory documents, the quality control of vegetable oils and other solutions for cottonseed oil are provided. The gas analyzer shows a solution for measuring the amount of solution by painting the tubes of a mixture of gas and air in oil. Detailed information on the production of vegetable oils, the cost of raw materials, the level of fat content of cotton seeds and the methods used to produce oil from cotton seeds. Methods for certification of vegetable oils, types of quality control, methods of testing and quality determination are presented. It was shown that the procedure for refined production of cottonseed oils and their types, as well as the state of the product classification of products based on the method of producing vegetable oils for consumer purposes, analysis of the sequence of refined oils and refining processes.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION OF BUSINESS CARDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kostyshyn ◽  
Yulia Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Business World ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
The Cost

The article considers modern aspects of the use, accounting and taxation of business cards, which are currently an integral part of communication and exchange of contacts in the business world. In particular, the essence of the concept of “business card” is studied, which is a carrier of information not only about the person-owner, but usually also contains information about the activities of the enterprise where its owner works. The classification of business cards into personal, business and corporate depending on their application and the information presented on them is systematized. Particular attention is paid to business cards, which are also a tool for advertising, as well as corporate, because, when they are distributed is the primary information to society, business partners about the company (company) and its activities. The authors substantiate why business cards are not an “additional benefit”, because they are issued to employees not for his personal purposes, but to achieve business goals of the employer: expanding customer base, increasing sales, making a profit, etc., in addition, companies do not give them in the property, but only oblige employees to use such cards during contacts with various participants in economic activity. Accordingly, the influence of such a decision on the process of taxation of the manufacture of this type of business cards is shown. The peculiarities of displaying information on the movement of business cards in the account, which requires their identification as “assets”, or rather – “stocks”, because they fully meet the criteria for defining these terms, presented in the legislation of Ukraine. Business cards are a controlled material resource of the enterprise, in which in the past certain funds or other stocks are invested, and in the future it is expected to receive from their distribution economic effect – benefit, it is an asset of the enterprise. Analytical accounts are offered to detail information on the cost of self-made or purchased business cards, which will facilitate the formation of clear management reports, will provide specific information for internal analysis. The sequence of reflection in the accounting of expenses at the time of transfer (write-off from the balance) of business cards depending on the center of responsibility with the use of certain primary documents is given.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Method for Quantitative Analysis of Covid -19 using CT Chest Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Volumetric Ct ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The manual diagnostic tests performed in laboratories for pandemic disease such as COVID19 is time-consuming, requires skills and expertise of the performer to yield accurate results. Moreover, it is very cost ineffective as the cost of test kits is high and also requires well-equipped labs to conduct them. Thus, other means of diagnosing the patients with presence of SARS-COV2 (the virus responsible for COVID19) must be explored. A radiography method like chest CT images is one such means that can be utilized for diagnosis of COVID19. The radio-graphical changes observed in CT images of COVID19 patient helps in developing a deep learning-based method for extraction of graphical features which are then used for automated diagnosis of the disease ahead of laboratory-based testing. The proposed work suggests an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based technique for rapid diagnosis of COVID19 from given volumetric CT images of patient’s chest by extracting its visual features and then using these features in the deep learning module. The proposed convolutional neural network is deployed for classifying the infectious and non-infectious SARS-COV2 subjects. The proposed network utilizes 746 chests scanned CT images of which 349 images belong to COVID19 positive cases while remaining 397 belong negative cases of COVID19. The extensive experiment has been completed with the accuracy of 98.4 %, sensitivity of 98.5 %, the specificity of 98.3 %, the precision of 97.1 %, F1score of 97.8 %. The obtained result shows the outstanding performance for classification of infectious and non-infectious for COVID19 cases.

Classification of Occupational Safety Costs in terms of Medical Examinations in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
G.T. Aitkenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of the study of the classification of occupational safety costs, in particular the classification of costs for medical examinations, according to the current requirements of the regulatory legal acts and documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. The Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not regulate the cost of financing occupational safety costs in the organizations. In addition, there are no state-approved methodology for planning and occupational safety budgeting costs. International research in the field of occupational safety confirms the positive effect of the investments in occupational safety on the competitiveness, productivity, and sustainability of the enterprise at the market. At the same time, the methodologically sound organization of planning and financing of occupational safety costs depends on their correct classification, which further contributes to the construction of a rational budgetary system of the enterprise in the field of occupational safety. The need for cost classification is due to the fact, that the existing occupational safety activities have different signs and types of costs. In the process of the study the empirical data is used, for example, codes, laws, and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the scientific research from near and far abroad. The paper offers three signs of the classification of occupational safety costs. In accordance with the proposed signs of cost classification, the types of medical examinations that employers are legally required to conduct for their employees are distributed. Thus, the classification of occupational safety costs, which is aimed at the cost management, should consider all the main options for solving managerial tasks of the enterprise in the field of occupational safety, and should be applicable in practice. At the same time, the classification of costs with varying degrees of detail contributes to the sound planning and financing of the costs for employee occupational safety, which will lead to a positive result from the investment.

Artificial Odour Classification System

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Nor Idayu Mahat ◽  
Maz Jamilah Masnan ◽  
Ali Yeon Md Shakaff ◽  
Ammar Zakaria ◽  
Muhd Khairulzaman Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Classification Rule ◽  
Good Classification Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

This chapter overviews the issue of multicollinearity in electronic nose (e-nose) classification and investigates some analytical solutions to deal with the problem. Multicollinearity effect may harm classification analysis from producing good parameters estimate during the construction of the classification rule. The common approach to deal with multicollinearity is feature extraction. However, the criterion used in extracting the raw features based on variances may not be appropriate for the ultimate goal of classification accuracy. Alternatively, feature selection method would be advisable as it chooses only valuable features. Two distance-based criteria in determining the right features for classification purposes, Wilk's Lambda and bounded Mahalanobis distance, are applied. Classification with features determined by bounded Mahalanobis distance statistically performs better than Wilk's Lambda. This chapter suggests that classification of e-nose with feature selection is a good choice to limit the cost of experiments and maintain good classification performance.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Signatures as Future Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Diabetes States

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srividya Vasu ◽  
Kenjiro Kumano ◽  
Carly M. Darden ◽  
Irum Rahman ◽  
Michael C. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Diabetes results from the inability of pancreatic islets to maintain blood glucose concentrations within a normal physiological range. Clinical features are usually not observed until islets begin to fail and irreversible damage has occurred. Diabetes is generally diagnosed based on elevated glucose, which does not distinguish between type 1 and 2 diabetes. Thus, new diagnostic approaches are needed to detect different modes of diabetes before manifestation of disease. During prediabetes (pre-DM), islets undergo stress and release micro (mi) RNAs. Here, we review studies that have measured and tracked miRNAs in the blood for those with recent-onset or longstanding type 1 diabetes, obesity, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. We summarize the findings on miRNA signatures with the potential to stage progression of different modes of diabetes. Advances in identifying selective biomarker signatures may aid in early detection and classification of diabetic conditions and treatments to prevent and reverse diabetes.

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