scholarly journals Biomarkers of Trifluridine-Tipiracil Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5568
Author(s):  
Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
World Series ◽  
Pretreated Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) is a newer generation chemotherapy that has been approved for the later-line treatment of metastatic colorectal and gastric/gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. The oral drug provides a modest benefit of prolongation of survival over placebo in pretreated patients with these cancers with acceptable toxicity. Studies have shown rare objective responses (2–4%), and the disease control rates were 44% in both colorectal and gastric cancer randomized trials. Thus, the majority of patients progress through treatment and are burdened by toxicities. To better characterize the sub-group of patients with a higher probability of benefit from trifluridine/tipiracil, predictive biomarkers have been sought using data from randomized trials as well as from non-randomized trials and real-world series. Biomarkers examined include clinical characteristics of the patients, laboratory tests, and tumor derived biomarkers. These studies show that early neutropenia on treatment, and ratios of leukocyte subsets, are potential biomarkers able to predict trifluridine/tipiracil benefit. Combinations of laboratory values and clinical characteristics and proteins involved in trifluridine transport and activation have been examined with initial positive results.

scholarly journals The relationship between teacher stress and job satisfaction as moderated by coping using single-item measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Seth Woods
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Teacher Stress ◽  
Teacher Job Satisfaction ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Teacher stress has been studied for decades and the negative outcomes of too much stress are well known, such as burnout and lack of teacher retention. The present study focuses on the relationship between teacher stress and teacher job satisfaction. The Transactional Model of stress specifies that coping must be accounted for when considering a person's stress reaction, as a person's coping capacity or resources are what determines whether stress reaction will occur. The present study seeks to answer the question: Does coping moderate the relationship between teacher stress and job satisfaction? Moderation analysis was conducted using data from randomized trials examining a leadership training program. The results showed that coping moderated the relationship between stress and job satisfaction. Adding to the importance of this study for practitioners is that all three constructs (stress, coping, and job satisfaction) were measured using single items, making it easy for practitioners to measure among their staff.

scholarly journals Anti-aging properties of metformin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Anna Małgorzata Łopuszyńska ◽  
Mateusz Pawlicki ◽  
Magdalena Kozioł ◽  
Aleksandra Krasa ◽  
Ewa Piekarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Effects Of Aging

 Introduction: Life expectancy of human population is being constantly prolonged, hence there is a lot of research into drug that will prevent the effects of aging. There are many reports that metformin, which is a drug used in type 2 diabetes, has anti-aging effects. It belongs to the group of biguanides and has been used since the 1950s. It is a relatively safe, cheap and effective drug, which makes it a promising subject for many studies. The purpose of this review is to present the latest developments in this field. Material and methods: PubMed scientific base was searched using following keywords: metformin, aging, anti-aging, in years 2017-2021. Results: Numerous studies show that metformin has an impact on aging through the nutrient pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and its effects on reactive oxygen species. In addition, it has an anti-cancer effect, inhibiting, among others, rectal cancer cells and p53 mutant colon cancer. Research in rodents has shown that this drug has anti-aging effects on many organs, including the CNS, ovaries, prostate, heart muscle and skin. Conclusions: Metformin, which is the most commonly used oral drug in type 2 diabetes, has many other mechanisms of action. Its anti-aging effect works on many organs in our bodies, which gives hope to find an anti-aging substance. However, multicentre, randomized trials are needed to determine the exact anti-aging dose, its possible side effects, and effects on various organisms. 

scholarly journals Comparing the Clinical Characteristics and Mortality of Residential and Non-Residential Older People with COVID-19: Retrospective Observational Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Francesc X. Marin-Gomez ◽  
Jacobo Mendioroz-Peña ◽  
Miguel-Angel Mayer ◽  
Leonardo Méndez-Boo ◽  
Núria Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Using Data

Nursing homes have accounted for a significant part of SARS-CoV-2 mortality, causing great social alarm. Using data collected from electronic medical records of 1,319,839 institutionalised and non-institutionalised persons ≥ 65 years, the present study investigated the epidemiology and differential characteristics between these two population groups. Our results showed that the form of presentation of the epidemic outbreak, as well as some risk factors, are different among the elderly institutionalised population with respect to those who are not. In addition to a twenty-fold increase in the rate of adjusted mortality among institutionalised individuals, the peak incidence was delayed by approximately three weeks. Having dementia was shown to be a risk factor for death, and, unlike the non-institutionalised group, neither obesity nor age were shown to be significantly associated with the risk of death among the institutionalised. These differential characteristics should be able to guide the actions to be taken by the health administration in the event of a similar infectious situation among institutionalised elderly people.

scholarly journals A study of 235 cases of human brucellosis in Sana’a, Republic of Yemen

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Al Shamahy ◽  
S. G. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

We studied the clinical characteristics of brucellosis among all patients with brucellosis referred to the Central Health Laboratory from the main hospitals in Sana’a during a 2-year period [1992-93] [235 adults and children]. A history was taken from each patient and clinical examination, general laboratory tests and brucellosis laboratory tests carried out. The overall clinical picture of brucellosis in this study is very similar to that reported by other workers in this geographical area. Awareness of the presenting features and the realization that brucellosis should be part of the differential diagnosis of febrile patients with enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes will lead to an increasing index of suspicion for this disease.

scholarly journals Investigation of performance properties of rubber with metal fillers

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
S. V. Pashukevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Of Revolution ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Positive Results

The work conducts laboratory tests on the rubber of the first group of GOST 8752-70 with the introduction of the metal components. The filler is introduced into the rubber mixture on laboratory rollers. Fine powders of copper (Cu), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) are used as fillers. The dependences of the temperature in the contact zone of the sample and the body of revolution on the concentration of the filler and the dependence of wear on the concentration of the filler for the same loads and sliding speeds are obtained, the fillers that give the rubber the greatest wear resistance are revealed, and the rational amount of the filler is determined. The positive results of laboratory tests give grounds to recommend various equipment including aerospace equipment for use in sealing devices of hydraulic systems, rubber products with metal fillers in the indicated concentrations, which will extend their service life and increase their reliability

scholarly journals Cervical arterial dissection: clinical characteristics in a neurology service in São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
Danyelle Sadala Reges ◽  
Marcela Mazzeo ◽  
Rafael Rosalino ◽  
Vivian Dias Baptista Gagliardi ◽  
Leandro Gama Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Arterial Dissection ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACT Cervical arterial dissection accounts for only a small proportion of ischemic stroke but arouses scientific interest due to its wide clinical variability. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate its risk factors, outline its clinical characteristics, compare treatment with antiaggregation or anticoagulation, and explore the prognosis of patients with cervical arterial dissection. Methods: An observational, retrospective study using data from medical records on patients with cervical arterial dissection between January 2010 and August 2015. Results: The total number of patients was 41. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 75 years, with an average of 44.5 years. The most common risk factor was smoking. Antiaggregation was used in the majority of patients (65.5%); 43% of all patients recanalized in six months, more frequently in patients who had received anticoagulation (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The presence of atherosclerotic disease is considered rare in patients with cervical arterial dissection; however, our study found a high frequency of hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia. The choice of antithrombotic remains controversial and will depend on the judgment of the medical professional; the clinical results with anticoagulation or antiaggregation were similar but there was more recanalization in the group treated with anticoagulation; its course was favorable in both situations. The recurrence of cervical arterial dissection and stroke is considered a rare event and its course is favorable.

Conventional Assessment of Gastrointestinal Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 531-544
Author(s):  
Gerard E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Genomic Testing ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Digestive Health

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly complex and dynamic organ system having a multitude of physiological functions. The choice of laboratory tests should be personalized and not performed in a shotgun manner, which can lead to false positive results and imparts financial stress to patients. The assessment of digestive health conditions requires giving astute attention to the patient’s history and a methodical utilization of laboratory tests to define root causation of illness and opportunities for intervention. This chapter segregates the most common tests and procedures to evaluating gastrointestinal condition into conventional tests that are usually covered by medical insurance and functional medicine and genomic testing that by-in-large have larger out-of-pocket expenses. Strategic utilization of these tests are essential to the proper evaluation of gastrointestinal illness.

scholarly journals Assessing Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers of Regorafenib Response in Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: REGOSARC Study

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3746
Author(s):  
Thomas Brodowicz ◽  
Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger ◽  
Nicolas Penel ◽  
Olivier Mir ◽  
Jean-Yves Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Randomized Phase Ii ◽  
Rna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pretreated Patients ◽  
Low Prevalence

Regorafenib significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in pretreated patients with advanced non-adipocytic sarcoma (HR = 0.46; p < 0.001) in a placebo-controlled, randomized, phase-II trial (NCT01900743). Thus, here, we assessed the prevalence of 57 biomarkers and their prognostic and predictive values for PFS and overall survival (OS). We analyzed 134/182 patients included in this trial, treated with regorafenib (n = 71, 53%) or placebo (n = 63, 47%). Mutational analyses were performed via full coding sequence analysis for 10 genes, and mutation hotspot panel for 50 genes (four genes in common). H19 was studied with RNA in-situ hybridization. The prognostic and predictive biomarkers’ values were studied only for biomarkers found positive/mutated in at least 10 patients. Overall, 25 out of 57 studied biomarkers, including five out of seven genes involved in angiogenesis, were found mutated/positive in at least one patient, of which 23 biomarkers had low prevalence (fewer than eight out of 134 patients), contrasting with H19 (n = 24, 18%), and TP53 (n = 35, 26%). However, in multivariable models of PFS and OS, including treatment effects and interactions, no significant prognostic or predictive values of the tested biomarkers were observed. Though several promising biomarkers were found to be positive/mutated, none of them were identified as viable predictive and prognostic biomarkers.

scholarly journals Potential Novel Biomarkers in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Crossland ◽  
Francesca Perutelli ◽  
Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik ◽  
Nuala Mooney ◽  
Nina Milutin Gašperov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Prognostic, diagnostic or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed for assessment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), a major risk for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The main goal of this review generated within the COST Action EUROGRAFT “Integrated European Network on Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease” was to identify potential novel biomarkers for cGvHD besides the widely accepted molecular and cellular biomarkers. Thus, the focus was on cellular biomarkers, alloantibodies, glycomics, endothelial derived particles, extracellular vesicles, microbiome, epigenetic and neurologic changes in cGvHD patients. Both host-reactive antibodies in general, and particularly alloantibodies have been associated with cGvHD and require further consideration. Glycans attached to IgG modulate its activity and represent a promising predictive and/or stratification biomarker for cGVHD. Furthermore, epigenetic changes such as microRNAs and DNA methylation represent potential biomarkers for monitoring cGvHD patients and novel targets for developing new treatment approaches. Finally, the microbiome likely affects the pathophysiology of cGvHD; bacterial strains as well as microbial metabolites could display potential biomarkers for dysbiosis and risk for the development of cGvHD. In summary, although there are no validated biomarkers currently available for clinical use to better inform on the diagnosis, prognosis or prediction of outcome for cGvHD, many novel sources of potential markers have shown promise and warrant further investigation using well characterized, multi-center patient cohorts.

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