scholarly journals The Expression of Prolactin Receptors in Benign Breast Tumors Is Not Associated with Serum Prolactin Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5866
Author(s):  
Olena Kolomiiets ◽  
Oleksandr Yazykov ◽  
Artem Piddubnyi ◽  
Mykola Lyndin ◽  
Ivan Lukavenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cystic Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Benign Breast Tumors

The role of prolactin (PRL) and its receptors in the initiation and development of benign breast tumors (BBT) has not been sufficiently studied. An imbalance in the system of hormone homeostasis is crucial in the development of BBT. In particular, an association between elevated prolactin levels and the development of BBT has been reported. Our study showed no significant differences between PRL receptor (PRL-R) expression in BBT tissue under normal and elevated serum PRL levels. There was also no significant correlation between age, PRL-R expression in BBT tissue, intact tissue, and PRL level in the serum. There was a strong significant correlation (p < 0.01; r = 0.92) between PRL-R expression in BBT samples and intact breast tissue, which did not depend on the serum PRL level. There was also no significant difference in the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in BBT tissues from women with normal and elevated levels of serum PRL (p > 0.05). No signs of PRL and its receptors were detected in the BBT cystic fluid women with elevated serum PRL levels. In summary, our prospective study showed that the expression of PRL-R in the tissue of BBT and physiological breast tissue does not depend on the level of serum PRL.

scholarly journals Mice with Impaired Extrathyroidal Thyroxine to 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Conversion Maintain Normal Serum 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Concentrations

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Christoffolete ◽  
Rafael Arrojo e Drigo ◽  
Fernanda Gazoni ◽  
Susana M. Tente ◽  
Vanessa Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Type 3

For T3 to mediate its biological effects, the prohormone T4 must be activated by removal of an outer-ring iodine by the type 1 or 2 deiodinases (D1 and D2) with approximately 60% of the daily T3 production in rodents being produced extrathyroidally through this pathway. To further define the role of these enzymes in thyroid hormone homeostasis, we backcrossed the targeted disruption of the Dio2 gene into C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice with genetically low D1 expression to create the C3H-D2KO mouse. Remarkably, these mice maintain euthyroid serum T3 levels with normal growth and no decrease in expression of hepatic T3-responsive genes. However, serum T4 is increased 1.2-fold relative to the already elevated C3H levels, and serum TSH is increased 1.4-fold. Despite these increases, thyroidal 125I uptake indicates no difference in thyroidal activity between C3H-D2KO and C3H mice. Although C3H-D2KO hepatic and renal D1 activities were well below those observed in wild-type mice (∼0.1-fold for both), they were 8-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, relative to C3H mice. Thyroidal D1 and cerebral cortical type 3 deiodinase activity were unchanged between C3H-D2KO and C3H mice. In conclusion, C3H-D2KO mice have notably elevated serum T4 levels, and this, in conjunction with residual D1 activity, is likely an important role in the maintenance of euthyroid serum T3 concentrations.

Bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 expression in pterygium and normal conjunctiva and their relationship with pterygium recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1237
Author(s):  
Meydan Turan ◽  
Gulay Turan
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recurrent Pterygium ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Purpose: Pterygium is a common lesion of the ocular surface, and its etiology and pathogenesis are still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis and proliferation in pterygium formation and recurrence. Materials and methods: In this study, p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were evaluated in primary pterygium ( n = 35) and recurrent pterygium ( n = 32) tissue samples and compared with normal conjunctiva ( n = 30) tissue samples. In addition, recurrent pterygiums were divided into three groups based on recurrence time, and their p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were compared. Results: The results show that p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were significantly higher in the pterygium tissue samples as compared to the control group ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When primary and recurrent pterygium tissues were compared, bcl-2 expression was higher in recurrent pterygium tissue samples ( p = 0.003). However, when Ki-67 and p53 expression levels were evaluated, no significant difference was found between primary and recurrent pterygium ( p = 0.215, p = 0.321, respectively). Also, p53 and Ki-67 expression were correlated in pterygium tissue samples, and Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in pterygium that recurrence in the first 6 months after surgery. There was no difference between groups 1, 2, and 3 in terms of p53 and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: Antiapoptotic mechanisms and proliferation play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression may be important in pterygium recurrence.

Parallel Assessment of Circulatory Cell-Free DNA by PCR and Nucleosomes by ELISA in Breast Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seefeld ◽  
S. El Tarhouny ◽  
A.X.C. Fan ◽  
S. Hahn ◽  
W. Holzgreve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Benign Breast Tumors

Objectives In order to assess the potential biomolecules for breast cancer, we analyzed in parallel the levels of cell-free glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cell-free nucleosomes in serum samples from patients with benign and malignant breast tumors. The levels of cell-free DNA obtained by quantitative PCR were compared with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods Twenty-three patients with benign breast tumors, 27 patients with breast cancer, and 32 age-matched healthy women were recruited. The amounts of serum nucleosomes were analyzed by ELISA and the levels of cell-free GAPDH were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The correlation between nucleosome and cell-free GAPDH levels was examined using the Spearman rank test. Results The levels of cell-free GAPDH were significantly higher in the serum samples of patients with benign and malignant breast tumors than in those of the control group (median 37,966 GE/mL, range 3,802–130,104 versus 11,770 GE/mL, range 2,198–73,522, p=0.035 and median 40,698 GE/mL, range 3,644–192,482 versus 11,770 GE/mL range 2,198–73,522, p=0.001). The concentration of cell-free GAPDH correlated significantly with the quantities of nucleosomes in serum samples (r=0.451, p=0.000). There was, however, no significant difference between healthy individuals and women with benign breast tumors or breast cancer in terms of nucleosomes determined by ELISA. Conclusion Our data suggest that the cell-free serum GAPDH DNA assayed by quantitative PCR is a better biomarker than nucleosomes assayed by ELISA in patients with breast tumors.

High-grade gliomas in children and adolescents: is there a role for reoperation?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa ◽  
Nicole Cavalari Camargo ◽  
Patricia Alessandra Dastoli ◽  
Jardel Mendonça Nicácio ◽  
Frederico Adolfo Benevides Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

OBJECTIVETumors of the CNS are the main causes of childhood cancer and have an incidence that exceeds that of leukemia. In addition, they are the leading causes of cancer-related death in childhood. High-grade gliomas account for 11% of such neoplasms and are characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and high morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of studies focusing on the factors that can prolong survival in these patients or guide therapeutic interventions. The authors aimed to investigate the factors related to longer survival durations, with a focus on reoperation for gross-total resection (GTR).METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, the authors analyzed 78 patients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas occurring across all CNS locations except diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Patients 0 to < 19 years of age were followed up at the Pediatric Oncology Institute. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed in the context of various prognostic factors, such as age, sex, histology, extent of tumor resection, reoperation for GTR, adjuvant treatment, and treatment initiation from 2010 onward.RESULTSWith a mean age at diagnosis of 8.7 years, 50% of the patients were female and approximately 39% underwent GTR at some point, which was already achieved in approximately 46% of them in the first surgery. The median OS was 17 months, and PFS was 10 months. In terms of median OS, the authors found no significant difference between those with reoperation for GTR and patients without GTR during treatment. Significant differences were observed in the OS in terms of the extent of resection in the first surgery, age, sex, Ki-67 expression, adjuvant treatment, and treatment initiation from 2010 onward. Furthermore, the PFS values significantly differed between those with GTR in the first surgery and Ki-67 expression ≥ 50%.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates the importance of GTR for these neoplasms, highlights the role of surgeons in its achievement in the first attempt, and questions the role of reoperation for this purpose. Finally, this study further supports the use of combined adjuvant treatment for the improvement of OS and PFS.

scholarly journals Effect of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene on the Proliferative Activity of the Breast Epithelium in Premenopausal Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMO.S22456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miliana T. Lucato ◽  
Ruffo Freitas-Junior ◽  
Marise A. R. Moreira ◽  
Júlio R. M. Bernardes-Junior ◽  
Sebastião A. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Normal Breast Tissue ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Breast Epithelium ◽  
Normal Breast Epithelium ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives To compare the effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on the proliferative activity of normal breast tissue in premenopausal women as measured by Ki-67/MIB-1 expression. Study Design A total of 48 women with benign breast nodules and a recommendation for surgical removal of the lesion took part in this study. They were randomized to use tamoxifen or raloxifene for 22 days, after which they were submitted to surgery. During the surgical procedure, a 1-cm fragment of normal breast tissue was removed to study Ki-67 expression. Results The mean percentage ratios between immunolabeled and non-labeled cells were 2.02 ± 1.09 and 3.13 ± 3.23 for the tamoxifen and raloxifene groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the tamoxifen ( n = 16) and raloxifene ( n = 14) groups in relation to the immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 ( P = 0.205). Conclusion The results of this study showed no difference between tamoxifen and raloxifene with respect to the potential of these drugs to reduce the proliferative activity of the normal breast epithelium in premenopausal women.

scholarly journals Meningiomas in Premenopausal Women: Role of the Hormone Related Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maiuri ◽  
Giuseppe Mariniello ◽  
Teresa Somma ◽  
Elia Guadagno ◽  
Sergio Corvino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundSeveral epidemiological and pathological findings suggest that the female sex hormones may influence the development of meningiomas. However, the role of pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and fertilization therapies is still controversial.MethodsFrom the surgical series of 354 patients with meningiomas operated between 2006 and 2019, the group of 72 premenopausal women was separately considered. The tumor location, WHO grade, Ki67-labeling index (LI), progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and histological types were studied in premenopausal women with and without hormone-related conditions were compared.ResultsIn this premenopausal group, 24 patients had hormone-related conditions, including use of oral contraceptives in 16, intrauterine fertilization in one, pregnancy in three, and tumors of the female reproductive system in four. The group of patients with hormone-related conditions, as compared to that with no hormone related conditions, showed slightly lower median age (38 versus 43 years) and no significant difference of meningioma location WHO grade, Ki 67-Li, PR expression and histological type. The clinical onset during pregnancy in three patients and tumor growth during contraceptive progesterone therapy in two others were evidenced.ConclusionThe biological behavior of meningiomas and their pathological findings, including PR expression, are not correlated with the different hormone related conditions in premenopausal female patients. Contraceptives and fertilization therapies, mainly with progesterone, should be avoided in patients with meningiomas.

scholarly journals Levosulpiride Induced Galactorrhea: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 748-750
Author(s):  
Srija Katta ◽  
Mounika Nerella ◽  
Bhakshi Vasudha ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Gollapalli
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Excessive Secretion ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Drug

Drug induced galactorrhea is a condition of increased prolactin level in the serum resulting in irregular menstrual cycle and galactorrhea in women. Levosulpiride is a novel drug with antipsychotic, anti-depressant, anti-emetic and anti-dyspeptic actions. Galactorrhea is the secretion of milky discharge from breast in men or women who are not breastfeeding for one year. It may result from excessive secretion of prolactin or increased sensitivity of breast tissue to prolactin.  A rare case on levosulpiride induced elevated serum prolactin level presenting as a distressing adverse effect of galactorrhoea in a female patient was reported. It’s important to keep a watch on prolactin levels during treatment with levosulpiride. For patients who present as a confirmed case of hyperprolactinemia, it is important to exclude other causes of prolactin elevation. Reporting the case would be a learning point for the fellow pharmacists and health care professionals in optimizing the therapy and requirement of strict monitoring of prescription that would minimize the medication errors. Keywords: Levosulpiride, galactorrhoea, anti-depressant, hyperprolactinemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in alcoholic patients: role of parenteral risk factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galperim ◽  
Hugo Cheinquer ◽  
Airton Stein ◽  
André Fonseca ◽  
Vagner Lunge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is elevated in alcoholic patients, but the risk factors are unclear. The role of parenteral risk factors are indeterminated in this population. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in alcoholic patients admitted to a detoxification unit and to evaluate the presence of underlying parenteral risk factors. METHODS: A total of 114 consecutive unselected alcoholic patients admitted to a single chemical dependency unit during 14 month were included. Epidemiological data and history of parenteral risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection were obtained with a standardized questionnaire. Blood was collected for determination of aminotransferases and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (ELISA-3). Positive samples were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and tested for genotype. RESULTS: Among the 114 alcoholics, 17 (15%) were anti-hepatitis C virus positive. Of these, 12 (71%) had detectable serum HCV-RNA by PCR. Genotype 1 was found in six cases and genotype 3 in five (one patient was undetermined). Forty-nine (43%) patients had elevated serum ALT and/or AST at baseline. The comparison between the 17 positive and the 97 negative patients showed significant differences in mean serum ALT levels (42 ± 41 IU/L vs. 22 ± 20 IU/L), rate of elevated ALT (65% vs. 34%), and presence of parenteral risk factors (94% vs. 10%). Comparison between alcoholic patients with and without elevated aminotransferases showed significant difference only in the rate of positive anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (24% vs. 7%). Furthermore, among the 17 anti-hepatitis C virus positive patients, the rate of detectable HCV-RNA was significantly higher in the 12 with elevated aminotransferases versus the 5 with normal aminotransferases (92% vs. 20%). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in alcoholics and the majority was confirmed by the presence of detectable HCV-RNA. Intravenous drug use was the main risk factor for hepatitis C virus infection in this population.

scholarly journals Clival Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma Mimicking a Chordoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine L. Karras ◽  
Isaac Josh Abecassis ◽  
Zachary A. Abecassis ◽  
Joseph G. Adel ◽  
Esther N. Bit-Ivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

Background. Purely ectopic pituitary adenomas are exceedingly rare. Here we report on a patient that presented with an incidental clival mass thought to be a chordoma. Endonasal resection, tumor pathology, and endocrinology workup revealed a prolactinoma.Case Presentation. A 41-year-old male presented with an incidental clival lesion presumed to be a chordoma. On MRI it involved the entire clivus, extended laterally to the petroclival junction, and invaded the cavernous sinuses bilaterally, encasing both internal carotid arteries, without direct extension into the sella. Intraoperatively, it was clear that the tumor originated from the clivus and that the sellar dura was completely intact. Frozen-section pathology was consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Immunostaining was positive for synaptophysin and prolactin with a low Ki-67 index, suggestive of a prolactinoma. Additional immunohistochemical stains seen in chordomas (EMA, S100, and Brachyury) and other metastatic tumors were negative. A postoperative endocrine workup revealed an elevated serum prolactin of 881.3 ng/mL (normal < 20).Conclusions. In conclusion, it is crucial to maintain an extensive differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with a clival lesion. Ectopic clival pituitary adenomas, although rare, may warrant an endocrinological workup preoperatively as the majority may respond to medical treatment.

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