scholarly journals Evaluating the Performance of the WHO International Reference Standard for Osteoporosis Diagnosis in Postmenopausal Women of Varied Polygenic Score and Race

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Xiangxue Xiao ◽  
Yingke Xu
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
T Score ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Whether the bone mineral density (BMD) T-score performs differently in osteoporosis classification in women of different genetic profiling and race background remains unclear. Methods: The genomic data in the Women’s Health Initiative study was analyzed (n = 2417). The polygenic score (PGS) was calculated from 63 BMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each participant. The World Health Organization′s (WHO) definition of osteoporosis (BMD T-score ≤ −2.5) was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of fracture. Results: T-score classification significantly underestimated the risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in the WHI study. An enormous underestimation was observed in African American women (POR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30–0.83) and in women with low PGS (predicted/observed ratio [POR]: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.64). Compared to Caucasian women, African American, African Indian, and Hispanic women respectively had a 59%, 41%, and 55% lower hazard of MOF after the T-score was adjusted for. The results were similar when used for any fractures. Conclusions: Our study suggested the BMD T-score performance varies significantly by race in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Evaluating the performance of the WHO international reference standard for osteoporosis diagnosis in postmenopausal women of varied polygenic score and race

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Xiangxue Xiao ◽  
Yingke Xu
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
T Score ◽  
Caucasian Women

AbstractBackgroundWhether the bone mineral density (BMD) T-score performs differently in osteoporosis classification in women of different genetic profiling and race background remains unclear.MethodsThe genomic data in the Women’s Health Initiative study was analyzed (n=2,417). The polygenic score (PGS) was calculated from 63 BMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each participant. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition of osteoporosis (BMD T-score≤-2.5) was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of fracture.ResultsT-score classification significantly underestimated the risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in the WHI study. An enormous underestimation was observed in African American women (POR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.83) and in women with low PGS (predicted/observed ratio [POR]: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.64). Compared to Caucasian women, African American, African Indian, and Hispanic women respectively had a 59%, 41%, and 55% lower hazard of MOF after the T-score was adjusted for. The results were similar when used for any fractures.ConclusionsOur study suggested the BMD T-score performance varies significantly by race in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Performance of FRAX in predicting fracture in the US postmenopausal women with varied race and genetic profiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Xiangxue Xiao ◽  
Yingke Xu
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Fracture Probability ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Frax Score

AbstractBackgroundWhether the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) performed differently in estimating the 10-year fracture probability in women of different genetic profiling and race remained unclear.MethodsThe genomic data in the Women’s Health Initiative study was analyzed (n=23,981). the genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 14 fracture-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each participant. FRAX without bone mineral density (BMD) was used to estimate fracture probability.ResultsFRAX significantly overestimated the risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in the WHI study. The most enormous overestimation was observed in women with low GRS (predicted/observed ratio [POR]: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.45-1.79), in Asian women (POR: 3.5, 95% CI 2.48-4.81), and in African American women (POR: 2.59, 95% CI: 2.33-2.87). Compared to the low GRS group, the 10-year probability of MOF adjusted for the FRAX score was 21% and 30% higher in median GRS group and high GRS group, respectively. Asian, African American, and Hispanic women respectively had a 78%, 76%, and 56% lower hazard than Caucasian women after the FRAX score was adjusted for. The results were similar when for hip fractures.ConclusionsOur study suggested the FRAX performance varies significantly by both genetic profiling and race in postmenopausal women.

Abstract 256: The Differences in Predictors of Osteoporosis between Genders Using Warfarin

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseel Hadi Abdulameer Alhashimi ◽  
Hadeer Akram Abdulrazzaq Al-Ani ◽  
Iman Nazar Talib Al-Ani ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Hanan Hussein Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fragility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postmenopausal Status ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Osteoporosis, chronic, progressive disease of multifactorial etiology, is systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with consequent increase in bone fragility. It is most common metabolic bone disease in sexes, races, and ages, therefore, screening at-risk population is essential. Warfarin increases the risk of osteoporosis because of its acting as vitamin K antagonist which is essential as co- factor in bone formation. Objectives: is to determine which gender and race (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) are more affected by the risk of osteoporotic condition and as osteopenia and osteoporosis dependent on definition of World Health Organization which based on bone mineral density (BMD) for each standard deviation (SD) reduction in BMD the relative risk of osteoporosis is increase 1.5-3 times. Methods: quantitative ultrasound machine is used to measure the T-score (BMD) for 270 subjects were divided in two groups; first group involved males and the second involved females. The subjects were also categorised based on using of warfarin more than one year of therapy and compared which factures influence on reduction of BMD. Results: There were 149 females showed significant difference of mean T-score of them when divided in two groups, the first group females less or equal to50 year’s old, non-using warfarin, premenopausal status, females had no history of fracture. Second group included females more than 50 years old, using warfarin more than one year, postmenopausal status, and had history with fractures. While no significant difference for males based on warfarin use. Results showed, Chinese females had more risk of osteoporosis (osteopinia, osteoporosis), than females non-using warfarin (odds ratio [OR] =2.4, 95% CI: 1.04- 5.75). Finally 25% changing of T-score for females was explained by interactions of risk factors; first using of warfarin more than 1 year and races and the second for using of warfarin more than one year and patients aged more than 50 years old. Conclusion: Chinese females with age more than 50 years old are more susceptible for the lower levels of BMD when they used warfarin therapy more than one year.

scholarly journals Performance of FRAX in Predicting Fractures in US Postmenopausal Women with Varied Race and Genetic Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Xiangxue Xiao ◽  
Yingke Xu
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Fracture Probability ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Frax Score ◽  
Whi Study

Background: Whether the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) performed differently in estimating the 10-year fracture probability in women of different genetic profiling and race remained unclear. Methods: The genomic data in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study was analyzed (n = 23,981). The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 14 fracture-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each participant. FRAX without bone mineral density (BMD) was used to estimate fracture probability. Results: FRAX significantly overestimated the risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in the WHI study. The most significant overestimation was observed in women with low GRS (predicted/observed ratio (POR): 1.61, 95% CI: 1.45–1.79) specifically Asian women (POR: 3.5, 95% CI 2.48–4.81) and in African American women (POR: 2.59, 95% CI: 2.33–2.87). Compared to the low GRS group, the 10-year probability of MOF adjusted for the FRAX score was 21% and 30% higher in the median GRS group and high GRS group, respectively. Asian, African American, and Hispanic women respectively had a 78%, 76%, and 56% lower hazard than Caucasian women after the FRAX score was adjusted. The results were similar for hip fractures. Conclusions: Our study suggested the FRAX performance varies significantly by both genetic profile and race in postmenopausal women.

Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Who Are At Risk of Fracture

2006 ◽  
Vol 00 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Ioachimescu ◽  
Angelo Licata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Increased Risk

Osteoporosis consists of decreased bone strength and increased risk of fractures due to decreased mass and abnormal bone microarchitecure. Almost 20% of postmenopausal women have osteoporosis as defined by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (T-score <- 2.5). Besides the bone mineral density (BMD) expressed by T-score, advancing age, premature menopause, low body weight (≤120lbs), maternal history of hip fracture, previous fracture, loss of height (≥3 inches) and the use of glucocorticosteroids are risk factors for bone fractures. Identifying the postmenopausal women at risk include both an evaluation for risk factors (including secondary causes of osteoporosis) and measurement of bone mass density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA).

scholarly journals Injury of African American Women by Financial Exploitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
Kimethria Jackson ◽  
Patsy Smith ◽  
Janet Wilson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Financial exploitation (FE) is one of the most common forms of older adult mistreatments. The World Bank defines FE as financial violence and the World Health Organization describes FE as financial or material abuse. Both international organizations recognize that FE causes deprivation/neglect leading to physical and emotional injury to victims. Older African Americans (OAA) are disproportionately affected by FE, impacting their health and welfare. A qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of FE among OAA. A Community Based Participatory Research approach was used to partner with a predominately African American-faith based community. Participant recruitment (n=12) was through community sponsored seminars that included verbal presentations, group discussions; individual surveys, Older Adult Financial Exploitation Measure (OAFEM). OAFEM data was analyzed to identify risks. Analysis of the interviews included Open and Axial coding, and data categorization. Using NVivo, Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen analysis as modified by Moustakas, five themes emerged.

IL-10-592 A/C Gene Polymorphism and Cytokine Levels are Associated with Susceptibility to Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Atefeh SADEGHI SHERMEH ◽  
Majid KHOSHMIRSAFA ◽  
Ali-Akbar DELBANDI ◽  
Payam TABARSI ◽  
Esmaeil MORTAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and especially resistant forms of it have a substantial economic burden on the community health system for diagnosis and treatment each year. Thus, investigation of this field is a priority for the world health organization (WHO). Cytokines play important roles in the relationship between the immune system and tuberculosis. Genetic variations especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact cytokine levels and function against TB. Material and Methods: In this research SNPs in IFN-γ (+874 T/A) and IL-10 (-592 A/C) genes, and the effects of these SNPs on cytokine levels in a total of 87 tuberculosis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. TB patients divided into two groups: 1) 67 drug-sensitive (DS-TB) and 2) 20 drug-resistant (DR-TB) according to drug sensitivity test using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the genotyping of two SNPs, the PCR-based method was used and IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and control group. Results: In -592A/C SNP, only two genotypes (AA, AC) were observed and both genotypes showed statistically significant differences between DR-TB and HCs (p=0.011). IL-10 serum levels in PTB patients were higher than HCs (p=0.02). The serum levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in DS-TB patients than that of the other two groups (p<0.001); however, no significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequencies in IFN-γ +874. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SNP at -592 position of IL-10 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to DR-TB. However, further investigation is necessary. Keywords: Polymorphism, IFN-γ, IL-10, tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis

scholarly journals Common variants in MAEA gene contributed the susceptibility to osteoporosis in Han Chinese postmenopausal women

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Cai ◽  
Jun Dong ◽  
Teng Lu ◽  
Liqiang Zhi ◽  
Xijing He
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chinese Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a complex bone metabolism disorder characterized by the loss of bone minerals and an increased risk of bone fracture. A recent study reported the relationship of the macrophage erythroblast attacher gene (MAEA) with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women. Our study aimed to investigate the association of MAEA with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in Han Chinese individuals. Methods A total of 968 unrelated postmenopausal Chinese women comprising 484 patients with PMOP and 484 controls were recruited. Four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that covered the gene region of MAEA were chosen for genotyping. Single SNP and haplotypic association analyses were performed, and analysis of variance was conducted to test the correlation between blood MAEA protein level and genotypes of associated SNPs. Results SNP rs6815464 was significantly associated with the risk of PMOP. The C allele of rs6815464 was strongly correlated with the decreased risk of PMOP in our study subjects (OR[95% CI]=0.75[0.63-0.89], P=0.0015). Significant differences in MAEA protein blood levels among genotypes of SNP rs6815464 were identified in both the PMOP (F=6.82, P=0.0012) and control groups (F=11.5, P=0.00001). The C allele was positively associated with decreased MAEA protein levels in blood. Conclusion This case-control study on Chinese postmenopausal women suggested an association between SNP rs6815464 of MAEA and PMOP. Further analyses showed that genotypes of SNP rs6815464 were also associated with the blood level of MAEA protein.

scholarly journals Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Testa ◽  
Germana Castelli ◽  
Elvira Pelosi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Health Organization

Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.

scholarly journals BMD status of Postmenopausal Women in relation with BMI: A study with 93 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Samira Sharmin ◽  
Mabubul Haque ◽  
Syedur Rahman Miah ◽  
Md Mahbub Ur Rahman ◽  
Jasmine Ara Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
T Score ◽  
Minimal Trauma ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Low bone mass is a common disorder in elderly population which predisposes to fracture with minimal trauma. This study was performed to find out the association between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Comilla and Mitford, Dhaka over a period of 12 months from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 93 postmenopausal women were enrolled for this study. All postmenopausal women underwent a BMD scan of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae using a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants were categorized into three groups according to their age and BMI. BMD were expressed base on T-score according to WHO criteria. The relation among BMI, age and BMD were assessed.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean age of the study group was 57.13±7.49 years with range of 46 to 75 years. The most postmenopausal women were in age group 55-65years. The mean BMI of the study subjects were 24.18±5.08 kg/m2 with a range of 15.62 to 36.20 kg/m2. Among 93 subjects osteopenia was greater at lumbar spine (45.2%) with T-score mean±SD-1.83±0.33 and osteoporosis at femoral neck (51.6%) with T-score mean ±SD-3.36±-0.67. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test showed inverse relationship between age and BMD both lumbar spine (r = -0.301, p = 0.003) and femoral neck (r = -0.303, p=0.003) whereas the positive relation between BMI and BMD both at lumbar spine (r=0.338, p=0.001) and femoral neck (r =0.343, p=0.001). These showed that with advancing age, BMD decreases and the risk of osteoporosis increases and with increasing BMI, BMD increases and risk of osteoporosis decreases.Conclusion: The findings of this study portrait that aging and low BMI are risk factors associated with bone loss. So preventive measure should be taken for high risk post menopausal women.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 138-141, July 2014

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