scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate Sealers against a Nutrient-Stressed Multispecies Biofilm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2722
Author(s):  
Rahul Bose ◽  
Konstantinos Ioannidis ◽  
Federico Foschi ◽  
Abdulaziz Bakhsh ◽  
Robert D. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Multispecies Biofilm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus

Purpose: This study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate sealers (BioRoot RCS and Total Fill BC) and conventional sealers (AH Plus and Tubli-seal) against planktonic bacteria and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of freshly mixed sealers were investigated using the direct contact test (DCT) and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm comprised of five endodontic strains. Antimicrobial activity was determined using quantitative viable counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis with live/dead staining. The pH of the sealers was analysed over a period of 28 days in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey tests and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis with a significance of 5%. Results: All endodontic sealers exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS caused a significant reduction in viable counts of the biofilms compared to AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05), while no significant difference could be observed compared to TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal (p > 0.05). CLSM analysis showed that BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC exhibited significant biofilm inhibition compared to Tubli-seal, AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS presented with the highest microbial killing, followed by TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal. Alkalizing activity was seen from the onset by BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC and AH Plus. After 28 days, BioRoot RCS demonstrated the highest pH in HBSS (pH > 12). Conclusions: Calcium silicate sealers exhibited effective antimicrobial properties. This was demonstrated by superior biofilm inhibition capacity and microbial killing, with strong alkalizing activity compared to epoxy-based and zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of five root canal sealers

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes ◽  
José Assis Pedroso ◽  
Rogério Castilho Jacinto ◽  
Morgana Eli Vianna ◽  
Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Endodontic Sealers

The aim of the present study was to analyze the antimicrobial properties of five endodontic sealers: Endo Fill, Endomethasone, Endomethasone N, Sealer 26 and AH-Plus, against the following microorganisms: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The sealers were tested immediately, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after manipulation.The direct contact method through the observation of the microbial growth in liquid medium and the agar diffusion test were used to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the sealers. The results, in both methodologies used, showed that immediately after manipulation, Endo-Fill and Endomethasone demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity, with no statistically significant difference between them. Sealer 26 demonstrated the lowest antimicrobial activity. At all other times after manipulation, there were no statistically significant differences among all the sealers tested. In conclusion, none of the sealers totally inhibited the growth of the microorganisms. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of each sealer decreased with time and was dependent upon the microbial susceptibility to them.

scholarly journals Correlation between Bond Strength to Dentin and Sealers Penetration by Push-Out Test and CLSM Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Maybell Tedesco ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Chain ◽  
Wilson Tadeu Felippe ◽  
Ana Maria Hecke Alves ◽  
Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Push Out

Abstract This study correlated the bond strength (BS) and dentin penetration of different sealers by push-out test and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Forty-five root canals were prepared according to the crown-down technique and filled with gutta-percha associated to the following sealers (n=15): Endofill, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Five canals of each group were filled with the sealers added with 0.1% Rhodamine B dye. Next, the specimens were transversely sectioned and submitted to the push-out test (n=10) and CLSM analysis (n=5). The BS data showed the following means (MPa) and standard deviation: AH Plus (4.17±1.86); MTA Fillapex (3.13±1.96) and Endofill (2.10±1.03). Statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA, α=0.05) showed significant difference among sealers (p<0.001) and root canal thirds (p<0.001). The BS results of Endofill and MTA Fillapex were statistically similar (p>0.05), however, they were statistically different from AH Plus (p<0.001). The regional analysis of BS showed similarity between middle and apical thirds (p>0.05), and both were different from coronal portion (p<0.001). CLSM analysis verified tags formation in all groups and higher penetration of the specimens filled with AH Plus (p<0.05). The Kendall test (correlation between BS to dentin and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules) and the Pearson test (between failures pattern and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules) did not show correlation between the variables evaluated for all the tested sealers (p>0.05). AH Plus group had higher BS to dentin, and deeper tags formation than the other sealers. There was no significant correlation between BS and intratubular penetration of the tested sealers.

scholarly journals Impact of Warm Vertical Compaction on the Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: A Confocal Microscopic Evaluation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Diana Eid ◽  
Etienne Medioni ◽  
Gustavo De-Deus ◽  
Issam Khalil ◽  
Alfred Naaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Penetration ◽  
Warm Vertical Compaction

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dentinal tubule penetration of two calcium silicate-based sealers used in warm vertical compaction (WVC) obturation technique in comparison with the single cone (SC) technique by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The null hypothesis was that both obturation techniques produced similar sealer penetration depths at 1 and 5 mm from the apex. Forty-four mandibular single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into four equally experimental groups (n = 10) and two control groups (n = 2) according to the type of sealer (Bio-C Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil or HiFlow Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA) with either SC or WVC. The sealers were mixed with a fluorescent dye Rhodamine B (0.1%) to enable the assessment under the CLSM. All the specimens were sectioned horizontally at 1 and 5 mm from the apex. The maximum penetration depth was calculated using the ImageJ Software (ImageJ, NIH). Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p < 0.05). A significant difference was shown between the four groups at 1 mm (p = 0.0116), whereas similar results were observed at 5 mm (p = 0.20). WVC allowed better diffusion for both sealers at 1 mm (p = 0.01) and 5 mm (p = 0.034). The maximum penetration of the Bio-C and HiFlow sealers was more important at 5 mm with the two obturation techniques. Within the limitations of this study, WVC enhanced the penetration of calcium silicate-based sealers into the dentinal tubules in comparison with the SC technique at both levels.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (Avco) Against Streptococcus Mutans ATCC 2157

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummi Aqilah Haron ◽  
Zurainie Abllah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Dental caries has remained a major oral health problem worldwide.  Streptococcus mutans  is considered as a vital cariogenic agent in the oral cavity. It can synthesise soluble and insoluble glucans from sucrose by glucosyltransferases enzymes and develops stable biofilm on the tooth surface. In the previous study, the fatty acids profile of activated virgin coconut oil (AVCO) have been described, and it includes the excellent antimicrobial activity of the oil. The current study aims to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of AVCO against the  Streptococcus mutans  ATCC 2157 biofilm in vitro. Materials and method: The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for antibiofilm activity were determined by serial dilution method, and biofilm thickness on  S. mutans  was quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).  Results:  At the concentra-tion of 15.63 mg/ml of AVCO, it successfully inhibits the development of  S. mutans  ATCC 21575 biofilm and AVCO (62.52 mg/ml) eradicate biofilm that was formed by the bacteria. The z-stack images obtained from CLSM allows the construction of 3-D biofilm structure and a significant difference in the thickness of  S. mutans  ATCC 21575 biofilm pre and post-treatment with AVCO were observed.  Conclusion:  AVCO showed good potential as anticaries where it possesses the ability to inhibits and eradicate  S. mutans  ATCC 21575 biofilm. A future study to evaluates the interaction of individuals fatty acids present in AVCO against proteins that relate to biofilm formation of  S. mutans  can be performed utilising the molecular docking tools.

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HANNA KOIVULA ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD ◽  
MARTTI TOIVAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Printing Speed

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.

scholarly journals Debunking the Concept of Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Endodontic Sealers: Sealer Staining with Rhodamine B Fluorescent Dye Is an Inadequate Method

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3211
Author(s):  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Sina Schmidt ◽  
Arno Rohrbach ◽  
Johannes Berlandi ◽  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of rhodamine B dye staining of an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus) and calcium-silicate-based sealers (Total Fill BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS) to represent the penetration depth of the sealers into dentinal tubules after root canal obturation. In a three-step process, (1) leaching of rhodamine B from sealers into a buffer solution, (2) passive penetration of leached rhodamine B into dentinal tubules, and (3) conformity of rhodamine B penetration assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and sealer penetration assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in root-canal-filled teeth, were evaluated. Rhodamine B dye massively leached out of Total Fill BC Sealer and BioRoot RCS into the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A pinkish coloration of AH Plus was found after contact with PBS. Leached rhodamine B dye passively penetrated dentinal tubules from all three sealers when placed on root dentin. No correlation was observed between sealer penetration in SEM and rhodamine B penetration in CLSM. Staining of sealers using rhodamine B is an inadequate method with which to evaluate sealer penetration depth into dentinal tubules, as it overestimates the penetration of sealers into root dentin tubules.

scholarly journals Repurposing Napabucasin as an Antimicrobial Agent against Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xinyi Kuang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Chenzi Zhang ◽  
Xian Peng ◽  
Yuan Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Oral Keratinocytes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

Objectives. Disruption of microbial biofilms is an effective way to control dental caries. Drug resistance and side effects of the existing antimicrobials necessitate the development of novel antibacterial agents. The current study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial activities of the repurposed natural compound napabucasin against oral streptococci. Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibition concentration, and minimum biofilm reduction concentration of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis were examined by a microdilution method. Cytotoxicity of napabucasin against human oral keratinocytes, human gingival epithelia, and macrophage RAW264.7 was evaluated by CCK8 assays. The dead/live bacterium and exopolysaccharide in the napabucasin-treated multispecies biofilms were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Microbial composition within the napabucasin-treated biofilms was further visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and qPCR. And the cariogenicity of napabucasin-treated biofilms was evaluated by transverse microradiography. Results. Napabucasin exhibited good antimicrobial activity against oral streptococcal planktonic cultures and biofilms but with lessened cytotoxicity as compared to chlorhexidine. Napabucasin reduced the cariogenic S. mutans and increased the proportion of the commensal S. gordonii in the multispecies biofilms. More importantly, napabucasin significantly reduced the demineralization capability of biofilms on tooth enamels. Conclusion. Napabucasin shows lessened cytotoxicity and comparable antimicrobial effects to chlorhexidine. Repurposing napabucasin may represent a promising adjuvant for the management of dental caries.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanoparticles Active against Dual-Species Bacterial Biofilms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Jessa Marie V. Makabenta ◽  
Jungmi Park ◽  
Cheng-Hsuan Li ◽  
Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ahmed Nabawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Biofilm infections are a global public health threat, necessitating new treatment strategies. Biofilm formation also contributes to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Biofilm-associated chronic infections typically involve colonization by more than one bacterial species. The co-existence of multiple species of bacteria in biofilms exacerbates therapeutic challenges and can render traditional antibiotics ineffective. Polymeric nanoparticles offer alternative antimicrobial approaches to antibiotics, owing to their tunable physico-chemical properties. Here, we report the efficacy of poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI)-based antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) against multi-species bacterial biofilms. PNPs showed good dual-species biofilm penetration profiles as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed, with reduction in both bacterial viability and overall biofilm mass. Further, PNPs displayed minimal fibroblast toxicity and high antimicrobial activity in an in vitro co-culture model comprising fibroblast cells and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study highlights a potential clinical application of the presented polymeric platform.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Fissure Sealants Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sedighe Sadat Hashemi kamangar ◽  
Houtan Zareian ◽  
Abbas Bahador ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Zahra Bashareh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of fissure sealants containing chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and Methods. Antibacterial effect of Master Dent fissure sealant alone and after incorporating chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biofilm growth was evaluated by determining colony counts. Antimicrobial effect was determined on days 3, 15, and 30 by counting microbial colonies using eluted components test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests, t test, and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results. Biofilm inhibition test showed that fissure sealant containing 1 wt.% chitosan decreased colony counts significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Eluted components test with S. mutans and sanguis showed significant decrease in colony counts during the first 15 days in chitosan containing group; however, from day 30, antimicrobial activity decreased noticeably, with no significant difference from control group ( P > 0.05 ). Antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus was maintained in chitosan group up to 30 days, and decrease in colony counts was significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. According to the results of this study, incorporation of 1 wt.% chitosan into fissure sealant induced an antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial effect on L. acidophilus persisted for longer time (30 days) compared to the two other bacterial species (15 days).

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