Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Dental Polymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium and Trimethoxysilyl Functionalities

The aims of this study were to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties, antimicrobial (AM) functionality, and cytotoxic potential of novel dental polymers containing quaternary ammonium and trimethoxysilyl functionalities (e.g., N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-aminium iodide (AMsil1) and N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-11-(trimethoxysilyl)undecan-1-aminium bromide (AMsil2)). AMsil1 or AMsil2 were incorporated into light-cured (camphorquinone + ethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate) urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)/polyethylene glycol-extended UDMA/ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (EHMA) resins (hereafter, UPE resin) at 10 or 20 mass %. Cytotoxic potential was assessed by measuring viability and metabolic activity of immortalized mouse connective tissue and human gingival fibroblasts in direct contact with monomers. AMsil–UPE resins were evaluated for wettability by contact angle measurements and degree of vinyl conversion (DVC) by near infra-red spectroscopy analyses. Mechanical property evaluations entailed flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) testing of copolymer specimens. The AM properties were assessed using Streptococcus mutans (planktonic and biofilm forms) and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. Neither AMsil exhibited significant toxicity in direct contact with cells at biologically relevant concentrations. Addition of AMsils made the UPE resin more hydrophilic. DVC values for the AMsil–UPE copolymers were 2–31% lower than that attained in the UPE resin control. The mechanical properties (FS and E) of AMsil–UPE specimens were reduced (11–57%) compared to the control. Compared to UPE resin, AMsil1–UPE and AMsil2–UPE (10% mass) copolymers reduced S. mutans biofilm 4.7- and 1.7-fold, respectively (p ≤ 0.005). Although not statistically different, P. gingivalis biofilm biomass on AMsil1–UPE and AM AMsil2–UPE copolymer disks were lower (71% and 85%, respectively) than that observed with a commercial AM dental material. In conclusion, the AM function of new monomers is not inundated by their toxicity towards cells. Despite the reduction in mechanical properties of the AMsil–UPE copolymers, AMsil2 is a good candidate for incorporation into multifunctional composites due to the favorable overall hydrophilicity of the resins and the satisfactory DVC values attained upon light polymerization of AMsil-containing UDMA/PEG-U/EHMA copolymers.

Download Full-text

Influence of cationic surfactants on physical and mechanical properties of polymer compositions

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-225-229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 225-229

Author(s):

N. S. Shmakova ◽

I. A. Kirsh ◽

V. A. Romanova

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Cationic Surfactants ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Polymer Processing ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Polymer Composition ◽

Packaging Materials

When creating filled polymer composite materials, difficulties often arise due to poor compatibility of polymers with modifying additives. To solve such problems, surface-active substances (SAS) are successfully used in many industries, but they are practically not used in polymer processing. This is largely due to the insufficient assortment of surfactants produced that are suitable for introduction into polymers, especially film-forming ones. Anionic and nonionic surfactants are used in the synthesis and processing of elastomers, but they are not used in the production of film materials. As for the use of cationic surfactants, there are still no data at all. They differ from other types of surfactants in a variety of structures, in the number and relative positions of cationic centers and hydrophobic radicals, and also in antimicrobial properties. The prospects of using quaternary ammonium salts for the modification of packaging materials are shown. The expediency of using cationic surfactants for the modification of polymeric materials is proved. It is shown that the use of quaternary ammonium salts improves the physical and mechanical properties of films based on polyethylene and polypropylene. It is proved that cationic surfactants are technologically compatible with polyolefins, which allows the processing of polymer compositions by extrusion. Today, the most common polymers for food packaging are polyethylene and polypropylene. This is due to their low cost, safety in contact with food products, and suitability for processing into films of different thicknesses. More and more attention is being paid to the creation of packaging materials with antimicrobial properties. The imparting of such properties is achieved by introducing an antimicrobial additive into the polymer melt. It is most expedient to introduce additives directly into the melt of the polymer composition during processing, since, for example, during the extrusion process, polymer homogenization with the additive.

Download Full-text

Advances in Fabricating the Electrospun Biopolymer-Based Biomaterials

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb12020026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Sebastian Wilk ◽

Aleksandra Benko

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Review Article ◽

Animal Tissues ◽

Green Material ◽

Good Potential ◽

Fibrous Morphology ◽

Selection Of

Biopolymers formed into a fibrous morphology through electrospinning are of increasing interest in the field of biomedicine due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability and their ability to be biomimetic to various fibrous structures present in animal tissues. However, their mechanical properties are often unsatisfactory and their processing may be troublesome. Thus, extensive research interest is focused on improving these qualities. This review article presents the selection of the recent advances in techniques aimed to improve the electrospinnability of various biopolymers (polysaccharides, polynucleotides, peptides, and phospholipids). The electrospinning of single materials, and the variety of co-polymers, with and without additives, is covered. Additionally, various crosslinking strategies are presented. Examples of cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties are analyzed. Special attention is given to whey protein isolate as an example of a novel, promising, green material with good potential in the field of biomedicine. This review ends with a brief summary and outlook for the biomedical applicability of electrospinnable biopolymers.

Download Full-text

Effect of Quaternary Ammonium-Modified Montmorillonites on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-520-191 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 520 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y. H. Zhang ◽

K. C. Gong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Property ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Small Addition ◽

Pp Composites ◽

Addition Amount

ABSTRACTHybrids of quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonites and polypropylene were prepared by melting intercalation. Results of mechanical property measurements show that, tensile strength, modulus and impact strength of PP composites are greatly enhanced simultaneously by a small addition amount of modified montmorillonites.

Download Full-text

The impact of the top coating on the mechanical properties of lacquered wood surfaces

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1206087j ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 87-100

Author(s):

Milan Jaic ◽

Tanja Palija

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Species ◽

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Scratch Resistance ◽

Indentation Hardness ◽

Polyurethane Coating ◽

The Impact ◽

Wood Surfaces

This paper investigates the impact of the top coating on the basic mechanical properties of a lacquered surface, including indentation hardness, scratch resistance and abrasion resistance. Three types of the top coating were used, including a 2K polyurethane coating, a 2K acrylate-isocyanate coating and a 2K alkyd-urethane coating. Samples of two wood species, spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and oak (Quercus robur L.), were used in this study, in order to determine whether the wood species, which is not in direct contact with the top coating, has an impact on the mechanical properties of a lacquered surface. The samples coated with a 2K acrylate-isocyanate coating showed the highest values of indentation hardness, in the samples of both wood species (1.34 N for spruce; 1.4 N for oak). The samples coated with a 2K alkyd-urethane coating showed the highest values of scratch resistance (20 N for both wood species) and abrasion resistance (mass loss of 480 mg after 700 cycles for both wood species). The results have shown that the wood species does not affect the value of indentation hardness, scratch resistance and abrasion resistance of a lacquered surface.

Download Full-text

Modulus, Strength and Cytotoxicity of PMMA-Silica Nanocomposites

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10060583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 583 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastian Balos ◽

Tatjana Puskar ◽

Michal Potran ◽

Bojana Milekic ◽

Daniela Djurovic Koprivica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Adverse Effect ◽

Elastic Moduli ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Nanocomposite Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Silica Nanocomposites ◽

Mrc5 Cell ◽

Nanoparticle Content

Key advantages of Poly(methyl methacrylate)—PMMA for denture application are related to aesthetics and biocompatibility, while its main deficiency is related to mechanical properties. To address this issue, SiO2 nanoparticle reinforcement was proposed, containing 0 to 5% nanosilica, to form nanocomposite materials. Flexural strengths and elastic moduli were determined and correlated to nominal nanoparticle content and zeta potential of the liquid phase nanoparticle solutions. Another issue is the biocompatibility, which was determined in terms of cytotoxicity, using L929 and MRC5 cell lines. The addition of nanoparticle was proved to be beneficial for increasing flexural strength and modulus, causing a significant increase in both strength and moduli. On the other hand, the formation of agglomerates was noted, particularly at higher nanoparticle loadings, affecting mechanical properties. The addition of nanosilica had an adverse effect on the cytotoxicity, increasing it above the level present in unmodified specimens. Cytotoxic potential was on the acceptable level for specimens with up to 2% nanosilica. Consequently, nanosilica proved to be an effective and biocompatible means of increasing the resistance of dental materials.

Download Full-text

Surface-modified halloysite nanotubes as fillers applied in reinforcing the performance of polytetrafluoroethylene

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2018.48 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 643-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi-Lin Cheng ◽

Xing-Yu Chang ◽

Zan Liu ◽

Dun-Zhong Qin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Angle Measurements ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Contact Angle Measurements ◽

Ftir Spectrometry ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the dispersibility of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the modification of HNT surfaces was studied with three types of modifiers (polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA], sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] and carboxylic acid). The modified HNTs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. The HNTs were used to reinforce the mechanical properties of PTFE. The mechanical results indicated that the tensile strength of the modified HNT-filled PTFE nanocomposites (F-HNT/PTFE) improved to an acceptable degree and Young's modulus increased significantly. The tribological results showed that the wear rate of F-HNT/PTFE decreased by 21–82 and 9–40 times compared to pure PTFE and the pristine F-HNT/PTFE, respectively.

Download Full-text

Modification of Cotton Yarns for Smart Socks Production

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 800 ◽

pp. 331-335

Author(s):

Ieva Bake ◽

Vineta Afanasjeva ◽

Silvija Kukle

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Linear Density ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cotton Yarn ◽

Yarn Strength ◽

Prototype Development ◽

Cotton Yarns

The functionality of textiles can be complimented by using a wide variety of modification technologies. This study focuses on textile modification with sol-gel technology as a part of smart sock prototype development. Zinc acetate dehydrate (ZAD) is integrated in sol synthesis and used as modifier thus improving modified cotton yarn mechanical properties and also can prolong time between washing, taking into account modifiers antimicrobial properties. Four hanks of pure cotton yarns with length of 300 m, where modified with silica-based sol with 7,5 wt% ZAD as a modifier. As a part of this study tensile strength and elongation of yarn was determined and changes in liner density were observed. Average yarn linear density increases by 19 % and linear density for knitted samples increases by 2,6 %. Therefore, yarn strength for 80 % of modified samples shows mean value of 2,32 N, that is 17 % higher than unmodified samples.

Download Full-text

Physical Properties of Nylon 66/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.702 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 530-531 ◽

pp. 702-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽

K.D. Araujo ◽

Taciana Regina de Gouveia Silva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Rheological Characterization ◽

Nylon 66 ◽

X Ray ◽

Organically Modified

Nanocomposites containing nylon 66 and montmorillonite clay organically modified with quaternary ammonium salts were obtained via direct melt intercalation. A montmorillonite sample from Boa Vista/PB, Northeast of Brazil, was treated with three types of quaternary ammonium salts such as Genamin, Praepagen and Cetremide. After the treatment, the powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The produced nanocomposites were characterized by Torque Rheometer, Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties and HDT. The obtained results for rheological characterization showed that the nanocomposites did not present deterioration with the presence of modified clay. Generally, the mechanical properties of tensile of the systems presented superior values compared to that of pure Ny 66. HDT's properties presented very interesting values for the nanocomposites and significantly larger than for pure nylon 66.

Download Full-text