scholarly journals Development of Tools for Synergy of Social Functions of the State and Housing Mortgage Loans in Russia: Regional Analysis of the Central, Southern and Volga Federal Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Olga Semenyuta ◽  
Irina Dubinina ◽  
Anton Degtyarev
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Mortgage Loan ◽  
Recursive Feature Elimination ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Federal Districts

The article researches the features of the synergy of the social functions of the state and the housing mortgage loan (HML) in order to develop a tool that allows determining guidelines and directions for strengthening the effectiveness of collaboration between the state and the private sector represented by commercial banks in solving the most important social problem—providing housing to the population. The authors show that the use of the proposed assessment tool by state structures and commercial banks increases the effectiveness of solutions to the housing problem in the country and enhances the synergetic effect of a comprehensive increase in the standard of living of the population when synchronizing actions. The main purpose of the research was to develop an algorithm that determines the key factors influencing the number of issued HML. The object of the study is the Russian HML market on the example of three federal districts. The developed algorithm is based on the use of statistical analysis methods ANOVA, mutual regression and recursive feature elimination. The approbation of the results obtained on three subjects of the Russian Federation allowed us to obtain a set of significant factors of influence, taking into account regional peculiarities.

scholarly journals Research on Interest Rate Risk of Housing Mortgage Loan Based on Computer Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Enlin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Mortgage Loan ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Housing Mortgage Loan

In recent years, with the rapid increase of the business volume of housing mortgage loans of commercial banks, the risk of prepayment is increasingly exposed. Prepayment will have a great impact on the duration and convexity of housing mortgage loans of commercial banks and then bring difficulties to the asset liability management of banks. Therefore, empirical research on the changes of duration and convexity of housing mortgage loans caused by prepayment when the market interest rate changes is of great significance for commercial banks to manage interest rate risk exposure. Based on the analysis of the option characteristics of prepayable housing mortgage loan, the CIR model with GARCH(1, 1) is selected to describe the interest rate change path, and the computer simulation method is used to calculate OAS and then calculate the effective duration and effective convexity of housing mortgage loan under different prepayment rates, so as to understand the interest rate risk of housing mortgage loan in the presence of embedded option.

scholarly journals A felhalmozott nyugdíjjárulékok előtörlesztési célú felhasználásának modellezése lakáscélú hitelek esetén = Modelling the use of accumulated pension contributions for repayment of housing loans

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-168
Author(s):  
Bence Mérő
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Mortgage Loan ◽  
Bond Yields ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
State Pension

A befizetett nyugdíjjárulékok a járulékfizetők szempontjából részben megtakarításként értelmezhetők. Mivel lakáshitel felvételekor a járulékfizető hitelfelvevők nem férnek hozzá ezekhez a megtakarításokhoz, magasabb hitelösszeget kell felvenniük, ami után jellemzően magasabb kamatot kell fizetniük, mint amennyi a nem hozzáférhető megtakarításaik hozama. Ha az egyén szerződhetne az állammal arra, hogy a nyugdíjjárulékai egy részét előtörlesztésként felhasználhassa, és az államnál így keletkező hiányt kamatostul visszafizeti, akkor a hitelfelvevő életpályajövedelme növekedne, mivel a lakáshitelek kamata magasabb az államkötvények kamatánál. Ha az így keletkezett jövedelmet az egyén a nyugdíjkasszába fizeti, akkor hosszútávon a többletet fel lehet osztani az állam és az egyén későbbi nyugdíjkifizetése között. Bizonyos esetekben a hitelszerződés lejáratakor az egyén felhalmozott nyugdíjjárulékai akár 25-30 százalékkal is magasabbak lehetnek. A 2017-ben fennálló lakáscélú hitelek állománya esetében az alkalmazott módszer 20 éves időtávon reálértéken kb. 500 Mrd forinttal magasabb felhalmozott járulékfizetést eredményezhet. Ha 2018-tól kezdve minden újonnan megkötött lakáscélú hitel esetében biztosítjuk a szóban forgó lehetőséget, és ezért később magasabb nyugdíjakat is kapnak a programban részt vevők, az növelné az államadósságot, az elérhető nyugdíjtöbblet azonban nagyobb az állam által viselt terheknél. = Pension contributions may partly be considered as savings from the contributors’ perspective. Since borrowers cannot access this kind of savings when taking a mortgage loan, they need to borrow a higher loan amount, the interest of which is usually higher than the implied return on pension contributions. If contributors could contract the state to use their contributions for early repayment and pay the increased deficit of the state with interest, the life cycle income of the contributor could increase since the interest rate of mortgage loans is higher than government bond yields. If the difference is transferred to the state pension fund, in the long run it could be shared between the state and the contributor. In this way in some cases the accumulated pension contributions may be 25 to 30 percent higher at the expiration of the original loan contract. Considering the prevailing housing loans in 2017 in Hungary, the applied method could increase pension contributions by around 500 billion HUF at constant prices in twenty years. If from 2018 on, contributors could use their public pension savings regarding all new housing loan contracts, this would increase government debt, but the higher pensions in the future would be greater than the additional burden of the government.

Regional banking system in Russia: Trends and factors of spatial distribution

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ageeva ◽  
A. Mishura
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Banking Institutions

We examine the spatial distribution of banks in Russian regions to identify the factors that affect changing territorial architecture of the banking system. The object of the study is dynamics of the number of commercial banks and their branches in 1991-2016. Besides the well-known tendency of concentration of the banking business in Moscow and reducing the number of banks in other regions we analyzed situation in the federal districts taking as an example the Siberian Federal District. This approach allowed us to formulate hypotheses about the causes of differences in the availability of banking institutions in Russian regions.

THE ROLE OF LIBERAL IDEOLOGY IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Irina N. Mysliaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Ideology

The article examines the causes and directions of transformation of the social functions of the state. The role of liberal ideology in changing the forms and methods of state social policy in the context of globalization is determined. The interrelation between specific measures of social support of the population and the interests of large transnational capital in modern society is revealed.

scholarly journals FORMS OF EXECUTABLE SETTLEMENT OF TAX DISPUTES: LEGAL POLICY OF IMPROVEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
S.A. Kubatko ◽  
◽  
I.M. Vilgonenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Procedures ◽  
Legal Entities

Every citizen of the Russian Federation in everyday life directly or indirectly becomes a participant in tax relations, which are regulated by the Tax code. Since legal acts and laws are quite ambiguous, and the activities of the state are associated with the seizure of property from individuals and legal entities, the emergence of tax conflicts is inevitable. Compromise forms of pre-trial settlement of conflicts are particularly relevant in modern tax relations. They contribute to the emergence and development of trust and fruitful relations between citizens and representatives of tax authorities on the basis of cooperation. The introduction of such procedures as direct negotiations between the parties, mediation and arbitration allow not only to resolve tax disputes promptly, minimize the costs of the parties, reduce the periods of consideration, but also contributes to the unloading of arbitration courts. This article discusses all forms of pre-trial settlement of tax disputes, examines their strengths and weaknesses, the synergetic effect of these forms with preventive and Advisory methods, as well as the introduction of new procedures for the settlement of tax disputes.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF THE STATE: CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (04(01)) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Iryna Kolosovska Iryna Kolosovska ◽  
Radosław Zagórski Radosław Zagórski
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social

This article conceptualizes modern approaches to the transformation of the social function of the state in the context of the influence of globalization processes, the ambiguity of the formation of the socio-cultural context, the actualization of the latest risks and threats associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We accentuate the inconsistencies and contradictions between the declared social priorities and the inefficiency of the management mechanisms of their practical implementation. The article substantiates the priority directions of the regulatory role of the state in the context of social risk management, formation of social security, adherence to the principle of social justice, and harmonization of interests of representatives of various social groups. Key words: public administration, state, social functions, governance mechanisms, globalization, social risks, COVID-19 pandemic, social justice.

scholarly journals Implementasi Akad Murabahah Pada Produk Pembiayaan Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR) di Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro Menurut Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Muhtarom
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Mortgage Loan ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Loan Financing ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
System F ◽  
To Receive

This study discusses about how the implementation of the murabahah bil wakalah contract theory on mortgage products in the Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro is seen from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law. The scope of this research is limited to the following issues: (1) How is the implementation of the murabahah contract on mortgage loans in Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro? (2) How is the implementation of the murabahah contract on mortgage loan products in the Bojonegoro KC Mandiri Syariah Bank according to the Sharia Economic Law? This research includes the type of field research. Because this research was conducted at Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro. This research is a qualitative descriptive study because in this study the author will focus the discussion on legal facts in the form of the implementation of financing between banks and customers with murabahah contracts which will then be continued with a comparative analysis of the legal facts referred to as sharia economic law theories. This is intended to test the compatibility between legal theory and the legal practice in question.The results of this research include: (1) The mechanism that must be taken to be able to receive financing for Public Housing Loans from Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro, is carried out through predetermined stages including: (a) submission; (b) BI checking / IDeb (debtor information); (c) the implementation of collateral estimates; (d) determination of ceilings; (e) Imputing data into a computer system; (f) approval of the official for mortgage loans; (g) Issuance of SP3 (Letter of Notification of Financing Approval); (h) Implementation of the contract which is attended by prospective customers, banks and notaries; (i) Disbursement. As for the agreements made between prospective customers and banks, there are elements as follows: (a) Contracting parties; (b) Sighat or iqab qabul akad murabahah; (c) Contract object. The object of the contract referred to in the housing loan product is a new or used house; (d) Nature of contract. Agreements are made clearly, both concerning objects, ceilings, time periods, contract places, financing nominal, margin obtained by the bank, and principal installments. In the event of default or bad credit where the customer is late in paying the installments, the bank's contribution will take the following steps: (a) Intensive billing; (b) Provision of Warning Letters 1, 2 and 3; (c) A restructuring offer (if the customer is pleased), ie installments are adjusted to the customer's ability and large at the end; (d) Voluntary guarantee selling offers; (e) Guaranteed auction. In a condition where the customer is not willing to carry out a contract restructuring, the bank offers that the auction of assets is a guarantee of the akah murabahah. As for the auction, the bank cooperates with a secret auction agency. (2) The implementation of housing loan financing with a murabahah contract in Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Bojonegoro is not in accordance with Sharia Economic Law originating from Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking, MA Regulation Number 2 of 2008 concerning Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and DSN-MUI fatwa Number 4 of 2000 concerning Murabahah. Keywords: Contract, Murabahah bil Wakalah, KPR, BSM, Sharia Economic Law. 

scholarly journals Study on the Prevention and Controlling of Dissimilation of Social Functions of Commercial Banks Based on the Fulfillment of Social Responsibility of Chinese Commercial Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuobi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The dissimilation of the social functions of commercial banks is a phenomenon that the function of commercial banks deviates from the economic development and the people's livelihood. Such phenomenon, which can be seen all over the world, impedes the socio-economic development and affects the well-being of the people to some degree. After investigating and analyzing the dissimilation of the social functions of Chinese commercial banks, it was found that their social functions play a significant role, and the booming development of these banks has made great contribution to the economic growth and improved people's livelihood in China. China should also have special experience in preventing and handling this dissimilation.

REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION AND BANKING RISK: DOES THE STATE OWNERSHIP MATTER? EVIDENCE FROM AN EMERGING MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050019
Author(s):  
GIANG THI HUONG VUONG ◽  
MANH HUU NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Banking Risk

Our paper investigates the influence of state ownership on the linkage between revenue diversification and risk of Vietnam domestic commercial banks in the period 2009–2018. By using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation for a dynamic panel model, the empirical results indicate that Vietnamese domestic commercial banks with higher state equity are promoted to take more risks in the revenue diversification process. Our findings are robustly checked by a variety of measures of banking risk, income diversification, and state equity. Empirical results from our dynamic model are not only accordant with the previous findings of Batten and Vo [(2016). Bank risk shifting and diversification in an emerging market. Risk Management, 18(4), 217–235] estimated by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression on the positive relationship between banking risk and income diversification in Vietnamese domestic commercial banks but also provide new evidence on the tradeoff relationship between risk-return in the operating strategy of Vietnamese state-owned banks in the post-financial crisis. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating the nexus between revenue diversification and risk from the state ownership aspect in other frontier markets.

Development and validation of the State Moral Elevation Scale: Assessing state-level elevation across nonclinical and clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P McGuire ◽  
Candice Hayden ◽  
Rawda Tomoum ◽  
A Solomon Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Factor ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
Moral Elevation

Research on moral elevation has steadily increased and identified several psychosocial benefits that bear relevance to both the general population and people with psychological distress. However, elevation measurement is inconsistent, and few state-level measures have been created and critically evaluated to date. To address this gap, the State Moral Elevation Scale (SMES) was developed and tested using an online sample (N = 930) including subsamples of general participants (nonclinical) and those who screened positive for mental health symptoms (clinical). Factor analysis indicated a single factor structure with nine items that demonstrated excellent reliability. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit statistics and strict measurement invariance across clinical and nonclinical subsamples. Last, correlational analyses with related constructs provided evidence of construct validity for both subsamples. Thus, the SMES is a psychometrically valid and reliable assessment tool for state-level elevation which can be used in both general and clinical populations.

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