scholarly journals Power-Aware Synchronization of a Software Defined Clock

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Ciuffoletti
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Coordinate ◽  
Clock Drift ◽  
Common Time ◽  
System A ◽  
Hardware Clock ◽  
And Control

In a distributed system, a common time reference allows each component to associate the same timestamp to events that occur simultaneously. It is a design option with benefits and drawbacks since it simplifies and makes more efficient a number of functions, but requires additional resources and control to keep component clocks synchronized. In this paper, we quantify how much power is spent to implement such a function, which helps to solve the dilemma in a system of low-power sensors. To find widely applicable results, the formal model used in our investigation is agnostic of the communication pattern that components use to synchronize their clocks, and focuses on the scheduling of clock synchronization operations needed to correct clock drift. This model helps us to discover that the dynamic calibration of clock drift significantly reduces power consumption. We derive an optimal algorithm to keep a software defined clock (SDCk) synchronized with the reference, and we find that its effectiveness is strongly influenced by hardware clock quality. To demonstrate the soundness of formal statements, we introduce a proof of concept. For its implementation, we privilege low-cost components and standard protocols, and we use it to find that the power needed to keep a clock within 200 ms from UTC (Universal Time Coordinate) as on the order of 10−5 W . The prototype is fully documented and reproducible.

Using a Hydraulically Balanced Beam System in Control Education

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pai-Hsueh Yang ◽  
Mark Lemkin ◽  
David M. Auslander
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
System A ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Control Education ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Control Implementation

This paper discusses a low cost solution to teaching controls in the laboratory through the use of a novel balance beam. The balance beam provides a vehicle to study many aspects of both control implementation and control algorithms. Due to the complexity of the system, a full semester of laboratory exercises is provided for even advanced students. The flexibility of the system provides challenging exercises for different levels of education. A low overall cost translates to accessibility to more schools. The ability to achieve good tracking performance with a simple cascaded loop controller makes this an ideal tool for teaching controls in a laboratory setting.

Design One Kind of Simplified Smart Home Monitor and Controller Based on ARM-Linux System and Information Network to the Public

2012 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 845-847
Author(s):  
Zhan Feng Zhao ◽  
Yun Tao Zhang ◽  
Zhi Quan Zhou ◽  
Hai Yan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Home Monitor ◽  
And Control

A smart home structure using network (internet, intranet, wireless etc.) is designed and developed to monitor the circumstances and control the appliances in the house when sensors are triggered by some unexpected cases. A good host of low-cost sensors is used to make anti theft alarm, fire alarm, smog alarm etc. And then transmitted these data got from the measuring devices to neutral module. The neutral module is constructed by ARM-S3C6410 hardware and embedded Linux. It can transmit messages to the householders after processed. The householders can visit the web server to make it clear what happened in the house. Moreover, they can control some appliances to make incidences back to normal through the Internet. If the owners are holding mobile phones, the neutral module will transmit text messages to them. In turn, they can also control the appliances by sending some specific instructions. And then the neutral module will give some other messages as feedback. Additionally, visible interphone technology also makes function in this system. A LCD is organized in the neutral module, one person who stays in the house can make a good conversation with others through neutral platform. Finally, a series of experiments are posed to estimate the performance of our solution.

scholarly journals Improvement of Physical Clock Synchronization Algorithm by Two-Level Synchronization

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2648-2652
Author(s):  
M. Praveen Kumar Reddy ◽  
K. Ashwin Kumar ◽  
S. Rajesh Kumar ◽  
RA.K. Saravanaguru
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Clock Drift ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Synchronization Algorithm ◽  
External Clock Synchronization ◽  
The Common ◽  
External Clock

Synchronization of the clocks is one of the essential thing for many applications in distributed systems. Clock synchronization is very important because they improve the performance and reliability of distributed systems. The main purpose of clock synchronization algorithms is to provide the common time to essential parts of the distributed systems. In this paper the problem considered is synchronization of clock with bounded clock drift and proposing a two level synchronization algorithm which synchronizes the processors local clocks by combining both internal and external clock synchronization.

scholarly journals Modeling and Control of a Micro AUV: Objects Follower Approach

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Monroy-Anieva ◽  
Cyril Rouviere ◽  
Eduardo Campos-Mercado ◽  
Tomas Salgado-Jimenez ◽  
Luis Garcia-Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
System A ◽  
Formal Stability ◽  
Proportional Derivative Controller ◽  
And Control

This work describes the modeling, control and development of a low cost Micro Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (μ-AUV), named AR2D2. The main objective of this work is to make the vehicle to detect and follow an object with defined color by means of the readings of a depth sensor and the information provided by an artificial vision system. A nonlinear PD (Proportional-Derivative) controller is implemented on the vehicle in order to stabilize the heave and surge movements. A formal stability proof of the closed-loop system using Lyapunov’s theory is given. Furthermore, the performance of the μ-AUV is validated through numerical simulations in MatLab and real-time experiments.

Design of a Portable IPMC Actuator Tester

2013 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Ming Yu ◽  
Qing Song He ◽  
Bao Lei Wang ◽  
Jie Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Main Research ◽  
System A ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
And Control

As a new intelligent material, IPMC (Ionic polymer-metal composite) can be driven under low voltage with large deformation, and has been widely used in biomedical and robotic systems. Traditional IPMC testing system is bulky, high cost, and inconvenient to use. In order to achieve the portability and convenience of the IPMC testing system, a small and low-cost IPMC tester was designed. The power supply and control system of the tester were integrated into an IPMC electrode clamp. The main research work included control system circuit design, electrode clamp and overall exterior design. The displacement measurement results showed that the design for the IPMC tester was correct and feasible.

scholarly journals Clocks, power and synchronization in duty-cycled wireless sensor nodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Stojcev ◽  
Ljubisa Golubovic ◽  
Tatjana Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Common Time

Recent advances in CMOS VLSI ICs and micro-electromechanical technology have led to development of small, low-cost, and low-power multifunctional sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are large-scale networks of such sensors, dedicated to observing and monitoring various aspects of the physical world. Some intrinsic properties of WSNs including limited resource of energy, storage, computation, and bandwidth, make traditional synchronization methods unsuitable for WSNs. Time synchronization as an important issue consists of giving all sensor nodes (SNs) of the WSN a common time scale to operate. The common time scale is usually achieved by periodically synchronizing the clock of each SN to a reference source. In this manner the local time seen by each SN of the network is approximately the same, and time synchronization allows the entire system to cooperate. This paper gives a brief look to the time synchronization problem and the need for synchronization in WSNs. Then it points out that clock systems become a bottle-neck, after that it presents the available current clock technologies, next it examines the influence of these clock technologies, and finally provides guidelines for WSN developers who must choose among the different clock synchronization techniques.

Identificación de polaridad de los devanados en un motor trifásico de 6 terminales

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
José Luis Viramontes-Reyna ◽  
Josafat Moreno-Silva ◽  
José Guadalupe Montelongo-Sierra ◽  
Erasmo Velazquez-Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Phase ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Control

This document presents the results obtained from the application of the law of Lens to correctly identify the polarity of the windings in a three-phase motor with 6 exposed terminals, when the corresponding labeling is not in any situation; Prior to identifying the polarity, it should be considered to have the pairs of the three windings located. For the polarity, it is proposed to feed with a voltage of 12 Vrms to one of the windings, which are identified randomly as W1 and W2, where W1 is connected to the voltage phase of 12 Vrms of the signal and W2 to the voltage reference to 0V; by means of voltage induction and considering the law of Lens, the remaining 4 terminals can be identified and labeled as V1, V2, U1 and U2. For this process a microcontroller and control elements with low cost are used.

Restoring and Controlling the Water Pollution of Endangered River in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Pabna City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Abu Sadath ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hosne Ara ◽  
Abdulla-Al Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Local Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Riverfront Development

Rivers are the lifeline of Bangladesh economy and serve as the source of water supply, fisheries, irrigation for agriculture, low-cost transport, generate electricity and conserve biodiversity. The Ichamati River situated in Pabna, Bangladesh is also a blessing for the city. However, recently, due to the irregular and unplanned activities adjacent to the riverside, the life, flow and water quality of the river is in a vulnerable condition. This study aims to identify the present status of the Ichamati River and provide an effective design approach and policy measures in restoring the river flow and control water pollution. The data was collected from the questioner surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Results suggest that several factors such as the construction of an illegal settlement, unplanned waste dumping, disposal of fiscal sludge through sewerage connection, lack of awareness among people regarding the importance of river biodiversity and absence of riverfront development and conservation plan are responsible for water pollution, inconsistent water flow and damaging the life cycle of Ichamati river. The design approach and policy measures were developed based on the perceptions of local community people, experts and government officials. The suggested policy measures will help to restore the flow of the river and reduce the water pollution, and the design approach will ensure the economic benefit of the riverfront development in future.

scholarly journals Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110165
Author(s):  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽  
Asghar Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

scholarly journals Designing of an Advanced Compression Bioreactor with an Implementation of a Low-Cost Controlling System Connected to a Mobile Application

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Gözde Dursun ◽  
Muhammad Umer ◽  
Bernd Markert ◽  
Marcus Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Cost Controlling ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tissue Models

(1) Background: Bioreactors mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues by providing a controlled micro-environment. However, their design is often expensive and complex. Herein, we have introduced the development of a low-cost compression bioreactor which enables the application of different mechanical stimulation regimes to in vitro tissue models and provides the information of applied stress and strain in real-time. (2) Methods: The compression bioreactor is designed using a mini-computer called Raspberry Pi, which is programmed to apply compressive deformation at various strains and frequencies, as well as to measure the force applied to the tissue constructs. Besides this, we have developed a mobile application connected to the bioreactor software to monitor, command, and control experiments via mobile devices. (3) Results: Cell viability results indicate that the newly designed compression bioreactor supports cell cultivation in a sterile environment without any contamination. The developed bioreactor software plots the experimental data of dynamic mechanical loading in a long-term manner, as well as stores them for further data processing. Following in vitro uniaxial compression conditioning of 3D in vitro cartilage models, chondrocyte cell migration was altered positively compared to static cultures. (4) Conclusion: The developed compression bioreactor can support the in vitro tissue model cultivation and monitor the experimental information with a low-cost controlling system and via mobile application. The highly customizable mold inside the cultivation chamber is a significant approach to solve the limited customization capability of the traditional bioreactors. Most importantly, the compression bioreactor prevents operator- and system-dependent variability between experiments by enabling a dynamic culture in a large volume for multiple numbers of in vitro tissue constructs.

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