Conservation Education Impacts of Animal Ambassadors in Zoos

To mitigate the effects of anthropogenic environmental impacts, conservation education (CE) aims to increase public awareness of biodiversity and encourage the uptake of pro-environmental behaviours (PEB). One way of achieving this goal is the use of controlled animal interactions with animal ambassadors to promote CE goals. This study aimed to determine how differing experiences with ambassador Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) affected visitors’ knowledge of conservation actions (CA) and their likelihood to perform PEBs in a UK zoo. A quasi-experimental repeated measures questionnaire was used to investigate this aim. Visit types were categorised as (a) ‘penguin parade’, (b) ‘animal encounter’, (c) ‘exhibit viewing’ and (d) a ‘control’ groups. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine if responses to rating scale items related to PEBs differed according to experience. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were detectable between groups. Qualitative data provided in open ended questions relating to CAs were coded into themes and the percentage of responses were calculated for each theme. Whilst the ‘exhibit viewing’ group mentioned sustainable fish significantly more (p = 0.017) than the ‘control’ group, no significant difference was found for any other pair-wise comparison (p > 0.05 in all cases). Overall, this study highlights that zoo visitors gained specific conservation-based knowledge and had higher behavioural intentions towards PEBs than they previously had. However, no evidence was found to suggest that animal encounters improved CE outcomes. To ensure best practice is followed and CE outcomes are considered equally alongside ambassador animal welfare concerns, further research is recommended.

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Is isometrics effective on pain perception, functional mobility and anxiety of geriatric clients with osteoarthritis at Pathanamthitta District, Kerala

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v6i3.26846 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

M.D. Nisha

Keyword(s):

Pain Perception ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Point Rating Scale ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Global Statistics ◽

Level Of Significance

Background: Osteoarthritis is a major cause of many medical conditions and disability in people above 50’s and leads to reduced activity in older people. Global statistics revels that over 100 million people worldwide suffers from Osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: A quasi experimental pretest - posttest control group design was used. 200 geriatric clients with osteoarthritis residing in selected geriatric homes at Pathanamthitta were selected and assessed by using a Numerical Pain Intensity Scale, an Observational check list and a three point rating scale for pain, functional mobility and anxiety. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean pain score( t = 10.758 p = 0.01, df – 198), functional mobility ( t = 7.73 p = 0.01, df – 198) and anxiety (t = 7.665 ,df –198, p=0.01in experimental and control group after intervention ( t = 10.758 p = 0.01, df – 198).Statistically no significant association was found between pain, functional mobility and anxiety with variables such as gender, religion, marital status, number of children’s and duration of stay.The pain and anxiety correlation value was ‘r’ = 0.89. The functional mobility and anxiety correlation value was ‘r’ = 0.80. The functional mobility and pain correlation value was ‘r’ = 0.83. It shows that statistically positive correlation is present between the geriatric clients’ pain and anxiety, functional mobility and anxiety and functional mobility and pain at p<0.05% level of significance. Conclusion: Exercise is one of the best methods to treat Osteoarthritis. This study proved that isometric exercises are beneficial to improve the functional mobility of joints in old age people. When the mobility increases, intensity of joint pain decreases.

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The Effectiveness of Passion Fruit Juice Consumption as Pain Reliever for Bruise Trauma in Pencak Silat Athletes

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v12i2.4385 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 212-217

Author(s):

Roy Januardi Irawan

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Rating Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Intensity Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental

Pencak Silat is a martial art that has a risk of causing micro-trauma due to physical impact. This trauma will stimulate the secretion of prostaglandin, a compound in the body which is a mediator of pain and inflammatory response that promote pain in bruised trauma. Passion fruit contains high level of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances. The objective of this study was to understand the effectiveness of passion fruit juice consumption in reducing bruised trauma pain in Pencak Silat athletes of PSHT Belotan Magetan. The research design is a quantitative descriptive with quasi-experimental. The pretest and posttest group of 20 people PSHT Belotan Magetan Pencak Silat athletes with an average age of 13.4 0.94 years were divided into treatment group (K1) and control group (K0) with 10 subjects respectively. Each treatment group (K1) subject was given the juice twice a day for 10 consecutive days. We used paired sample T-test to assess the mean variance of the group. The result showed that there was a decrease of pain intensity in both the treatment group and the control group. The pain intensity difference assessed by a Bourbonnais Rating Scale in the treatment group showed a significant difference with the t value of 7,216 and a probability value of 0,000, while the control group showed t value of 3,000 and probability value of 0,015. There was a decrease in the athletes muscle soreness who were given passion fruit juice twice a day for 10 days. The athletes pain intensity was in middle category.

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Comparison of Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and the Metacognition Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Stress Among Breast Cancer Patients

International Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.15171/icnj.2018.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Tahereh Haji Seyed Javadi ◽

Fakhri Tajikzadeh ◽

Hossein Bayat ◽

Nasim Eshraghi ◽

Zahra Roshandel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Comparison Of Effectiveness ◽

Anxiety Depression

Background: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness the metacognition treatment (MCT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety, depression, and stress in the females with breast cancer. Methods: The planning of this study is through a quasi-experimental method of pretest and posttest type with control group. The target society of the research included every cancer patient who admitted to Tehran hospitals for breast cancer. Through assigned randomly, 12 patients were selected for the MCT group and 12 patients for the MBCT group, and the other were assigned control group. The data collection tools included depression, anxiety and stress scale - 21 items (DASS-21) questionnaire. For statistical analysis, descriptive tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed. Results: Data analysis with repeated multivariate measurements illustrated that there is a significant difference in the rate of depression, anxiety and stress, in three groups. Conclusion: According to our results, MBCT was more effective compared to metacognitive therapy.

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Effectiveness of a Snoezelen Room on Fear, Anxiety, and Satisfaction of Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijpbs.89168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mariyam Momeni ◽

Mansoureh Jamshidimanesh ◽

Hadi Ranjbar

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Active Phase ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Interventional Group

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are natural phenomena in a women’s life, associated with stress and anxiety, leading to adverse effects in the mother and fetus. Using complementary medicine, such as aromatherapy, music, light radiation, and aquariums in an environment that engage a person’s multiple senses can make mothers relax through mental deviations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Snoezelen room on fear, anxiety, and satisfaction of childbirth’s nulliparous women. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 130 eligible women in a selected hospital affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. One hundred thirty women were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 65) and control (n = 65) groups using six modes blocks using the convenient sampling method. The delivery room was designed to distract women’s minds in the intervention group. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, Harman’s Childbirth Attitude questionnaire (CAQ), Visual Analogue scale (VAS) to measure childbirth anxiety, and the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni and chi-square tests. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in fear in the active phase and postpartum in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Anxiety showed a significant difference and was lower at dilatation of 6 to 7 and 7 to 8 cm, and after childbirth in the interventional group. The satisfaction of childbirth significantly increased in the interventional group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results confirmed the importance of a Snoezelen room in the childbirth of nulliparous women, which can promote vaginal childbirth.

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The Effectiveness of Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) on Emotional Divorce of Couples: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Iranian Medical Council ◽

10.18502/jimc.v4i2.6460 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Heidari ◽

Mohammad Ghamari ◽

Alireza Jafari ◽

Alireza Armani Kian

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Couple Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Some scientists consider emotional divorce as the first step in the divorce process, which means that the marital relationship is declining. Research shows the harmful physical and psychological effects of emotional divorce on couples. The present research was carried out to show the effectiveness of Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) on emotional divorce among couples. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental design study with a control group, including a pre-test, post-test and a 45-day follow up. The statistical population of this study was all couples referred to the family therapy clinic of Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Zanjan in 2020. Twenty couples were selected based on a score of eight or higher in a 24-item two-choice questionnaire on emotional divorce which was developed by Guttman in 1998. Next, participants were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group received 11 weekly sessions of IBCT and each intervention session lasted for 120 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used and data were analyzed by SPSS software V18. Results: The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up (p<0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that IBCT has reduced the emotional divorce of couples in the experimental group. Conclusion: Results suggest that IBCT can be used as a treatment of choice for reduction of emotional divorce.

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Celecoxib added to mood stabilizer for treating acute mania in bipolar disorder: A randomized, double -blind, placebo-controlled trial in IRAN

10.21203/rs.3.rs-237985/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farhad Faridhosseini ◽

Ali Talaei ◽

Najmeh Shahini ◽

Mahbobeh Eslamzadeh ◽

Samira Ahrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Acute Mania ◽

Control Group ◽

Young Mania ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Valproate Sodium ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Inflammatory processes in the brain contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of acute mania. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, such as Celecoxib, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of Celecoxib in the treatment of acute mania.Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at the Specialty in-patient Clinic of Ibn-e-Sina Hospital [Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran] from March 2017 to August 2017. The study involved 58 patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria for acute mania screening to participate in the trial were used for the study. Twenty-three patients were assigned to a study group and were given Valproate Sodium 200 mg /BD plus Celecoxib 400 mg/day (200 mg BID). The control group included 22 patients who were given Valproate Sodium 200 mg /BD plus placebo. Patients were assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at baseline 0, after 9, 18, and 28 days after the medication started. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.5., two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact test, and T-Test. P≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 58 patients were screened and 45 were randomized. Most of participations in celecoxib group were male (55%) and in placebo group were female (75%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding number of episode. sex, marital status, past medical history, past psychiatry history and family history P value ≥0.05. A significant difference was observed in the change of scores on Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at week 4 as compared to the baseline in patient groups P: 0.04.Conclusion: This study suggested that Celecoxib can be an effective adjuvant agent in managing patients with acute mania and anti-inflammatory therapies should further be investigated in these patients.Trial registration: Iran clinical trial register: IRCT20200306046708N1

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A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2015-0046 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fatemeh Nazari ◽

Mozhgan Soheili ◽

SayedMohsen Hosseini ◽

Vahid Shaygannejad

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

Minimization Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract: Pain is a common and significant symptom in many individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence and severity of pain in individuals with MS has also been shown to be associated with higher levels of depression, functional impairment, and fatigue. It is common for MS patients and their caregivers to worry about narcotic addiction in the management of chronic pain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women suffering from MS.: This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial performed on 75 patients with MS referred to the MS Clinic of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). After simple non-random sampling, using the minimization method, participants were randomly assigned to the three groups of reflexology, relaxation, and control. In the experimental groups, foot reflexology and relaxation interventions (Jacobson and Benson) were performed within 4 weeks, twice a week for 40 min. The control group received routine care and medical treatment as directed by a doctor. Data were collected using the Numerical Rating Scale before, immediately after, and 2 months after interventions in all three groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.: Findings obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant differences between mean pain intensity scores in the three groups preintervention and 2 months after interventions (p > 0.05). However, this difference was statistically significant immediately after the study (p < 0.05). Findings obtained from repeated measures ANOVA showed that the severity of pain significantly differed during different times in reflexology and relaxation (p < 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in the control group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) revealed a significantly higher reduction in pain intensity scores in the reflexology group after the intervention, compared with the two other groups, but showed no significant differences between relaxation and control groups. There were no significant differences between the three groups 2 months after the interventions (p > 0.05).: The results showed that both interventions are effective on relieving pain in women with MS; however, it appears that the effect of reflexology on pain reduction is greater than that of relaxation. Hence, these two methods can be recommended as effective techniques.

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Perbedaan Teknik Pemberian Jelly Dengan Cara Mengoleskan Ke Selang Kateter Dan Menyemprotkan Ke Meatus Uretra Terhadap Kecepatan Pemasangan Dan Keluhan Nyeri Pada Pasien Kateterisasi Urin

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA ◽

10.37413/jmakia.v2i1.9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mei Fitria K ◽

Maslichah Maslichah ◽

Ferawati Ferawati

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Health Workers ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

Numeric Rating

ABSTRAK Retensi urin merupakan suatu keadaan darurat sistem perkemihan yang sering ditemukan sehingga perlu penatalaksanaan yang baik salah satunya adalah kateterisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan kecepatan pemasangan dan keluhan nyeri yang dialami pria dewasa usia 25-65 tahun yang pertama kali menjalani kateterisasi urin dengan cara pelumasan yang berbeda.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperimen. Sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang akan dipasang kateter Ruang IGD RSUD dr.Soeprapto Cepu. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien pria dewasa yang pertama kali dilakukan pemasangan kateter. Variabel independen yaitu metode pemasangan kateter yaitu dengan metode oles dan metode lubrikasi(menyemprot pada uretra) Variabel dependen yaitu kecepatan pemasangan diukur dengan stopwatch sedangkan intensitas nyeri diukur dengan Visual Analog Numeric Rating Scale. Analisa data dengan Uji Mann Whitney U Test terhadap mean tersebut untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan keduanya dengan program SPSS pada œ =0,05.Hasil penelitian dengan uji Mann Whitney U Testumtuk kecepatan didapat nilai p value = 0,016 dan untuk keluhan nyeri didapat nilai p value = 0,010. Hal ini menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan.Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan dalam melakukan kateterisasiurin dapat memilih cara pelumasan yang dapat mengurangi resiko gangguan rasa nyaman (nyeri) yang dialami klien. Diharapkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam memberikan tindakan kateterisasi yang cepat, efisien dan sedikit keluhan. Kata kunci : Teknik pelumasan kateter, kecepatan pemasangan dan keluhan nyeri. ABSTRACT Urinary retention is an emergency urinary system are often found so it needs good management of one of them is catheterization.This study regarding the installation of a speeddifference and the pain experienced by adult men aged 25-65 years who first underwent urinary catheterization in a manner different lubricationThe study design is quasi-experimental. The sample was taken by purposive sampling method. The population in this study were all patients who would catheter Hospital emergency room dr.Soeprapto Cepu. The sample in this study is adult male patients who first performed catheter placement. Independent variables, methods catheter is by topical methods and methods of lubrication (spraying of the urethra) The dependent variable is the speed of installation are measured with a stopwatch while pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Numeric Rating Scale. Analysis of the data by finding the mean of the speed of installation and complaints of pain in each group followed by Mann Whitney U Test against the mean to determine the significance of differences in both the SPSS program on œ = 0.05.The results showed no difference in between the speed of installation of the lubrication method and the method OLES is: 24 seconds. There is a difference between a complaint of pain in the control group and the treatment group which looks mean lower treatment groups. The results of the Mann Whitney U Test showed that p = 0.010 and showed no significant difference from the control and treatment groups.Nurses as health workers in the catheterization urine can choose how lubrication can reduce the risk of disruption comfortable feeling (pain) were experienced by clients. Expected to be used as consideration in giving catheterization action is fast, efficient and few complaints. Keywords: Mechanical lubrication catheter, speeds installation and pain

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The Effect of Psycho-education Program on Resilience in the Caregivers of Clients with Bipolar Disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62247/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Talieh Khalifi ◽

Raheleh Bahrami

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract BACKGROUND: Resilience in family refers to the flexible and developed behavioral pattern in the caregivers of clients with mental disorders that face challenges during the caring process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychoeducation program on resilience in the caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study with a control and an experimental group. The participants of the study were 64 caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder in Sanandaj. The experimental group received the intervention for 4 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. The instrument of this study included a demographic questionnaire and a Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) Resilience Scale. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance) using SPSS-22 software. RESULTS: The results showed that there is no difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the distribution of contextual variables. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the resilience score before the intervention in the control group and in the experimental group (P = 0.059). However, after the intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001) and showed an increase in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: This Quasi-experimental study indicates that psychoeducation is an effective way for the resilience in the caregivers of clients with bipolar disorder and it can be promote resilience in the caregivers.

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Innovation of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L) Essential Oil for Fever Reduction in Infants Post DTaP Immunization

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.33086/jhs.v14i3.2048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 187-195

Author(s):

Setiawandari Setiawandari ◽

Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽

Marquita Da Silva Ximenes

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Mean Body Temperature ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean

DTaP vaccination causes an increased body temperature or fever in most infants. There are pharmacological or non-pharmacological efforts to reduce fever in infants post-DTaP immunization. In addition, shallots are a family medicinal plant in Indonesia commonly used to reduce fever. There should be innovation in the dosage form of shallots so their use is more effective and efficient. This study analyzes the effect of shallot essential oil on fever reduction in infants post-DTaP vaccination. It was a quasi-experimental research design, with one group pre and post-test design. The population of this research was all infants aged 1-12 months who were enrolled in the infant cohort in 2020 at Independent Midwifery Practice (IMP) Istiqomah from May to August 2020. Meanwhile, there were 20 samples by accidental sampling. The research instruments were shallot extract oil, a digital thermometer, and an observation sheet. The data analysis used the Repeated Measures Anova test. The results showed that the mean body temperature before immunization was 36.57 degrees Celcius, while after the experiment was 36.9 degrees Celcius. The statistical test results value ρ = 0.000. There was a significant difference in the mean body temperature from time to time in infants with shallot essential oil administration. This study concludes that shallot essential oil reduces fever in infants post-DTaP immunization. Further research should use a control group, more significant samples, and inclusion criteria limitation.

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